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M o d e l   N o .   M E - 6 9 8 9

  E x p e r i m e n t   5 :   R o l l e r   C o a s t e r

31

3.

Place several slotted masses on the base of the structure to weigh it down.

4.

Add structures to help support the loop as illustrated.

5.

Use 13 track clips to attach the track to the structure. If the track has been cut into 
two pieces, use the track coupler to rejoin them. Adjust the loop to be as circular 
as possible. Adjust the section of the track approaching the loop so that it has no 
convex curve (otherwise the car may jump off the track before it reaches the 
loop).

6.

Attached the starter bracket to the track.

7.

Build a photogate bracket as illustrated (right) and attach it to the structure. Use 
the clamp included with the photogate to attach the photogate to the axle.

8.

Attach the photogate flag to the car.

#1

#2

#2

#1

half-round 

connector

half-round 

connector

medium 

axle

photogate and 

included clamp

#3

Summary of Contents for ME-6989

Page 1: ...Physics Structures Set ME 6989 Instruction Manual 012 10658A 012 10658A...

Page 2: ...e 13 Experiment 2 Newton s second law 17 Experiment 3 Projectile motion 21 Experiment 4 Forces in an Elevator 25 Experiment 5 Roller Coaster 29 Experiment 6 Centripetal force 35 Experiment 7 Impulse a...

Page 3: ...ctors 24 13 Straight connectors 24 14 Sliding connectors 12 15 Cord tensioning clips 32 16 Braided nylon cord 70 m spool 1 1 For replacement parts see PASCO parts ME 6993 ME 6990 ME 6997 ME 6999A and...

Page 4: ...813 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Track and track parts1 Quantity 33 Track 3 m 1 34 Track clips 24 35 Track coupler 1 36 Starter bracket 1 1 For replacement parts see PASCO parts ME 9814 and ME 6995 34 33 35 3...

Page 5: ...o attach beams and connectors Some of the ways to assemble beams and connectors are illustrated below Connecting a beam to a half round connector Connecting two beams with a straight connector Connect...

Page 6: ...removed from the sliding connector About beam lengths and triangles When joined at a 180 angle with a connector two identical short beams have a combined length equal to one longer beam Isosceles rig...

Page 7: ...ord tensioning clips to attach cords to connectors The clips allow the length tension of the cord to be adjusted easily Note that each clip consists of two loosely captured parts that are not meant to...

Page 8: ...ate on the axle and is held in place by the collets Mounting a tire on a wheel and an o ring on a pulley Cars and car parts The three wheeled minicar is designed to run on the included track If you ar...

Page 9: ...eve an inelastic collision The 6 32 thumbscrew serves as a post for holding a mass placed on top of the car Track and track parts The flexible track is about 305 cm long and can be cut into shorter pi...

Page 10: ...f the starter bracket and insert it into the channel on the underside of the track Slide the bracket along the track to the desired position Drop the car into the bracket as shown When properly aligne...

Page 11: ...e method is to clamp it to an XYZ connector as illustrated Springs The set includes eight spring four with a spring constant of approximately 1 N m and four of approximately 2 N m You can connect a sp...

Page 12: ...nt instructions starting on page 13 for details on how this equipment can be used with the Physics Structures Set Equipment Part number Recommended quantity Load Cell and Dual Amplifier Set PS 2206 1...

Page 13: ...Pulley with Clamp ME 9448A Roller Coaster Track ME 9814 Road Bed Spares ME 6995 Structure Set Screws ME 6994 Truss Set ME 6990 Truss Set Members ME 6993 Full Round and XYZ Connector Spares ME 6997 An...

Page 14: ...show examples of how the set can be used to study kinematics momentum energy rotation and other physics concepts The first ten experiments are presented in copy ready format followed by several more...

Page 15: ...v t Where v is the change in velocity from one photogate to the next and t is the time elapsed as the car travels between gates Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 4 2 beam...

Page 16: ...track to the upper struts using 10 track clips 4 Attached the starter bracket to the track 5 Build two photogate brackets as illustrated right and attach them to the structure 6 Stretch a rubber band...

Page 17: ...photogate v2 2 In terms of v1 v2 and t3 write an equation for the acceleration of the car a Assume a is constant between the photogates 3 What are the forces acting on the car Draw a free body diagram...

Page 18: ...nd repeat steps 1 through 5 Record data for five different angles Analysis 1 Calculate the acceleration a for each track angle and write it in your table 2 Calculate sin for each track angle and write...

Page 19: ...ou will use your data do predict the hanging mass that will cause the car to move at constant velocity Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 2 beams 10 3 beams 19 5 beams 12 Half rou...

Page 20: ...3 Build a pulley bracket as illustrated right and attach it to the end of the structure 4 Clip the track to the upper struts using 10 track clips Adjust the track to make it as straight as possible 5...

Page 21: ...free body diagram 2 How will increasing or decreasing the hanging mass affect the acceleration of the car Explain your reasoning 3 Write an equation predicting the acceleration of the car a in terms...

Page 22: ...start it moving just before you start recording data Does the car move at a constant velocity Further study Repeat the experiment with less hanging mass so that the car moves down the incline Keep a g...

Page 23: ...ll test your prediction Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 4 2 beams 3 3 beams 36 4 beams 26 5 beams 14 Half round connectors 26 XYZ connectors 6 Flat round connectors 3 S...

Page 24: ...Physics Structures Set Experiment 3 Projectile motion 22 Building the apparatus Follow the steps below to build this track starter bracket photogate...

Page 25: ...ach it to the structure 6 Attach the photogate flag to the car Sensor setup You will use the photogate to measure the speed of the car As the double flag on the car passes through the photogate the lo...

Page 26: ...ntal distance d from the end of the track to the point where the car lands on the floor Procedure 1 Start data recording 2 Place the car in the starter bracket and let it roll off the end of the track...

Page 27: ...ity 1 beams 2 2 beams 8 3 beams 9 5 beams 4 Half round connectors 10 XYZ connectors 2 Sliding connector 1 Cord tensioning clip 1 Braided nylon cord 2 m Other required equipment Suggested Model Number...

Page 28: ...Build the two sides of the elevator as illustrated below 2 Use 5 3 beams as struts to connect the sides of the elevator 3 Build the mass holder assembly and attached it to the elevator 120 cm rods mul...

Page 29: ...and acceleration of the elevator The load cell will measure the normal force on the 0 5 kg mass 1 Connect the RMS to your computer interface Set up the software to record and display linear position...

Page 30: ...the floor 6 Repeat the procedure several times to try out different ways of moving the elevator Record data runs with the elevator moving at different speeds and starting or stopping more suddenly or...

Page 31: ...equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 2 2 beams 2 3 beams 13 4 beams 28 5 beams 14 Half round connectors 25 XYZ connectors 3 Flat round connectors 1 Sliding connectors 4 Angle connect...

Page 32: ...d this apparatus 1 Build the two sides of the roller coaster as illustrated below 2 Use 14 4 beams as struts to connect the sides car starter bracket photogate track half round connectors XYZ connecto...

Page 33: ...the loop to be as circular as possible Adjust the section of the track approaching the loop so that it has no convex curve otherwise the car may jump off the track before it reaches the loop 6 Attach...

Page 34: ...d from the starter bracket Explain your reasoning 2 Predict the minimum speed that the car will need at the top of the loop to go around the loop with out falling off Explain your reasoning 3 Predict...

Page 35: ...table 2 What was the highest speed How does this compare to your prediction 3 What was the lowest speed How does this compare to your prediction 4 What was the lowest height from which you could rele...

Page 36: ...Physics Structures Set Experiment 5 Roller Coaster 34...

Page 37: ...uired equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 7 2 beams 6 3 beams 9 5 beams 4 Half round connectors 12 Flat round connectors 2 Angle connectors 8 Other required equipment Suggested Mode...

Page 38: ...of the structure and attach a 50 g mass to the load cell as illustrated 4 Build an attachment bracket on the Rotary Motion Sensor RMS 5 Clamp the RMS to a vertical rod Attach the structure to the RMS...

Page 39: ...en centripetal force and angular velocity Do you think the relationship will be linear Procedure 1 Have a partner hold the load cell cord so that it will not get in the way when the apparatus spins 2...

Page 40: ...Physics Structures Set Experiment 6 Centripetal force 38...

Page 41: ...llision Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 10 2 beams 6 3 beams 10 4 beams 8 Half round connectors 12 XYZ connectors 6 Flat round connectors 3 Sliding Connectors 8 Straigh...

Page 42: ...connect the sides 3 Use 9 track clips to attach the track to the structure 4 Attach the starter bracket to the track 5 Build a load cell bracket as illustrated and attach it to the structure photogate...

Page 43: ...logic state as a function of time see note 1 on page 65 Load cell 1 Connect the load cell to the load cell amplifier Set up the software to record and display force see note 5 on page 66 2 Set the sa...

Page 44: ...a recording Analysis 1 On the graph of force versus time zoom in on the data collected during the collision Find the area under the curve this is the impulse of the collision Write down this value wit...

Page 45: ...m Building the apparatus Follow the steps below to build this apparatus Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 14 2 beams 8 3 beams 13 4 beams 8 5 beams 2 Half round connector...

Page 46: ...s of the support structure as illustrated below 2 Use 5 3 beams as struts to connect the sides 3 Use 8 2 beams and 2 flat round connectors to add cross bracing to the bottom of the structure as illust...

Page 47: ...s Measure the mass of the pendulum and the location of the holes in all of the connectors Model the pendulum as a solid rod Around which hole should the pendulum pivot to achieve the minimum period of...

Page 48: ...m three different pivot locations to find the center of mass For each pivot location draw a vertical line down from the pivot The center of mass is where the lines intersect Measure the period at smal...

Page 49: ...cs Structures Set Quantity 1 beams 3 2 beams 6 3 beams 2 4 beams 16 5 beams 12 Half round connectors 20 Flat round connectors 1 Short axle 1 Pulley wheel 1 Collets 2 Braided nylon cord about 1 m 1 Oth...

Page 50: ...2 beams as struts to connect the sides 3 Assemble the load cell with a bracket and string as illustrated 4 Attach the assembly to the structure 5 At the other end of the structure add an axle and pull...

Page 51: ...the zero button on the load cell amplifier Replace the mass Pre lab questions 1 With a total of 1 kg of hanging mass the hanger plus a 0 5 kg mass guess the frequency at which the string will vibrate...

Page 52: ...string between the two fixed ends and m is the mass of the string between the two fixed ends The quantity m L is the mass per unit length of the string Measure L and use the slope of the best fit lin...

Page 53: ...c energy of the system as the car passes through its equilibrium position Required equipment from Physics Structures Set Quantity 2 beams 4 3 beams 22 5 beams 14 Half round connectors 15 XYZ connector...

Page 54: ...ld the sides of the structure as illustrated below 2 Use 14 3 beams as struts to connect the sides 3 Build a pulley bracket as illustrated right and attach it to the end of the structure car spring su...

Page 55: ...track 9 Add enough mass to the hanger to make the car rest at equilibrium about 30 cm from the pulley 10 Build a photogate stand and attach a photogate as illustrated Sensor setup You will use the pho...

Page 56: ...that the car returns to the original equilibrium position that you marked in step 1 Analysis part 1 work 1 Make a graph of force F versus displacement d where F is the total weight added to the mass h...

Page 57: ...xperiment with more mass added to the car but with the same spring and the same maximum displacement Do you expect the velocity of the car to be higher or lower Do you expect the kinetic energy to cha...

Page 58: ...Physics Structures Set Experiment 10 Work and energy 56...

Page 59: ...distance that you pull the free end of the cord Find the area under the force versus distance graph to determine the work done on the system Compare the force distance of pull and work needed to raise...

Page 60: ...weight applies a known torque Measure the angular acceleration to find the rotational inertia To account for friction find the amount of hanging mass that results in constant angular velocity Slide t...

Page 61: ...trate overdamping underdamping and critical damping Force distribution Make a graph of force measured by each load cell versus the position of the mass on the beam Calculate the sum of the forces exer...

Page 62: ...der For a real ladder this would be the frictional force needed to keep the ladder from slipping Measure this force for various weights rung positions and angles load cell cord 1 half round connector...

Page 63: ...e Calculate the torque applied to the structure by each mass hanger and the axle relative to the structure s center of mass Do they add up to zero Oscillating system Measure the period of oscillation...

Page 64: ...r of the load cells measure the x and y components of force applied to the base of the boom the fifth load cell measures the tension of the cord Measure the forces for various weights angles boom leng...

Page 65: ...o spin the track Predict how the cars on either side of the track will behave as the rotational velocity changes 3 flat round connector 5 4 wheel and tire 4 4 4 long axle 3 1 XYZ connectors angle conn...

Page 66: ...ated the object is about 60 cm tall The challenge is to make the car land on the platform with the smallest possible impact Adjust the angle of the end of the track the starting position of the car an...

Page 67: ...tions 2 Start DataStudio and select Create Experiment 3 Connect a Digital Adapter to your PASPORT interface 4 Plug the photogate into one of the ports of the Digital Adapter The Choose Sensor or Instr...

Page 68: ...ements 5 Double click the Graph icon and select Angular Velocity to display it Note 5 Force measured by a load cell 1 Start DataStudio and select Create Experiment 2 Connect a load cell amplifier to y...

Page 69: ...s t2 s v1 m s v2 m s v m s t3 s a m s2 2 3 0 040 0 0243 0 0195 0 411 0 513 0 102 0 550 0 19 4 2 0 073 0 0185 0 0135 0 539 0 743 0 204 0 399 0 51 6 9 0 119 0 0149 0 0103 0 672 0 971 0 298 0 313 0 96 10...

Page 70: ...rs notes and sample data 68 Experiment 2 Newton s second law Hanging mass mh g slope or acceleration m s2 20 0 116 21 0 174 22 0 230 23 0 288 24 0 344 25 0 399 21 g 20 g 24g 23 g 22 g 25 g 18 g predic...

Page 71: ...st section of track and the point from which students choose to release the car 0 49 radians y0 0 178 m d 1 1 m predicted distance Trial t ms v m s 1 3 282 3 047 2 3 282 3 047 3 3 278 3 051 4 3 278 3...

Page 72: ...nt 5 Roller Coaster Results will vary based on the shape of the track and the points from which students release the car Trial t s v m s 1 0 004062 2 462 Released from top of ramp 2 0 004224 2 367 3 0...

Page 73: ...uadratic fit shows that centripetal force is proportional to the square of angular velocity Experiment 7 Impulse and momentum From the area under the graph impulse is 0 115 N s or 0 115 kg m s From th...

Page 74: ...achers notes and sample data 72 Experiment 8 Physical Pendulum Experiment 9 Resonance Hanging Mass kg Tension n Frequency Hz 1 0 9 8 98 1 5 14 7 117 2 0 19 6 137 2 5 24 5 150 3 0 29 4 166 3 5 34 3 180...

Page 75: ...otes and sample data 73 Experiment 10 Work and energy Part 1 work From the area under the curve W 0 025 J Part 2 kinetic energy t 0 016396 s v 0 60990 m s mc 0 08842 kg mh 0 03491 kg total kinetic ene...

Page 76: ...lassrooms and are not sold for profit Reproduction under any other circumstances without the written consent of PASCO scientific is prohibited Trademarks PASCO PASCO scientific DataStudio and PASPORT...

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