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Olivetti Programma 101, Reference Manual

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Olivetti Programma 101 Reference Manual Download Page 5

 

 

Contents 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

    Page  

Computer Components . . . . . . . . . . .  6 
   Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7 
   Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 
Decimal Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 
Split Register  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 
General Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
   Start-S  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
   Clear  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
   Print  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
   Vertical Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
Data Transfer Operations. . . . . . . . . 18 
To A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 
From M  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 
Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 
D-R Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 
Decimal Part To M . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 
Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . 23 
Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 
Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 
Multiplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 
Division  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 
Square Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 
Absolute Value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 
Jump Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 
Unconditional Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . 31 
Conditional Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 
Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 
Constants in Registers  . . . . . . . . . 34 
Constants as Instructions . . . . . . . . 35 
Computer Utilization  . . . . . . . . . . 36 
To Record a Program . . . . . . . . . . . 36 
Read/Record D and E . . . . . . . . . . . 37 
To Print a Program. . . . . . . . . . . . 37 
To Use a Program  . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 
Automatic Internal Checks . . . . . . . . 38 
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 
Computer Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 
Changing The Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . 42 
Insertion of Paper Roll . . . . . . . . . 43 
Programming Techiques . . . . . . . . . . 44 
Rounding Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . 45 
Instruction-Data Storage. . . . . . . . . 47 
Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 
Packing a Register. . . . . . . . . . . . 51 
The Domino Technique. . . . . . . . . . . 52 
Chaining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 
Sample Program. . . . . . . . . . . .  54-60 

Summary of Contents for Programma 101

Page 1: ...GENERAL REFERENCE MANUAL...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ......

Page 4: ...an automatic computer with the ability to follow stored instructions or in a combination of the two modes This manual discusses the operation and capabilities of Programma 101 in all of its modes It...

Page 5: ...ot 28 Absolute Value 29 Jump Operations 30 Unconditional Jumps 31 Conditional Jumps 32 Constants 34 Constants in Registers 34 Constants as Instructions 35 Computer Utilization 36 To Record a Program 3...

Page 6: ...d this unit prints all keyboard entries programmed output and instructions Magnetic Card Reader Recorder The device through which instructions and constants for a program can be stored on and retrieve...

Page 7: ...nal remainder in square root The five remaining registers B C D E and F are storage registers Each can be split into two registers with a capacity of 11 digits plus decimal point and sign When storage...

Page 8: ...ays complete B C D E F complete in this case Format 2 This represents the storage registers when split b B c C d D e E and f F Format 3 This represents the split registers with numeric and instruction...

Page 9: ...9...

Page 10: ...10...

Page 11: ...TCH must be OFF out to load instructions from a magnetic program card into the memory 7 The PRINT PROGRAM SWITCH when ON in directs the computer to print out the instructions stored in memory from its...

Page 12: ...12...

Page 13: ...KEY restarts the computer in programmed operation and is used to code a stop instruction when keying in programs 18 The REGISTER ADDRESS KEYS A B C D E F and R identify the corresponding registers Th...

Page 14: ...ated manually a depression of this key will print the number in that register and clear it 22 The TRANSFER KEYS perform transfer operations between the storage registers and the operating registers Re...

Page 15: ...ained in the A register and is extracted to the number of decimal places indicated by the setting 01 the Decimal Wheel The R registerr contains a non functional remainder As it effects KEYBOARD ENTRIE...

Page 16: ...tempt has been made to transfer a value larger than 11 digits to a split register or to split a register that already contains a value greater than 11 digits Nevertheless a register can be used as bot...

Page 17: ...cted register The M and R registers can not be cleared with this instruction When the computer is operated manually this key will also cause it to print the contents of the selected register EXAMPLE A...

Page 18: ..._____________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ___________________________ M A R B BEFORE 24 36 05 48 123 12 00 R AFTER 24 48 123 48 123 1...

Page 19: ...M F ______________________________________________________________________________ EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ____________________________ M A R B BEFORE 19 333 5 00 16 00 30 00 B AFTER 19 333 5...

Page 20: ..._____________________ INSTRUCTION _ RESULT_______________________________ M A R operates as R R A A Absolute Value b b A B B A c c A C C A d d A D D A e e A E E A f f A F F A _________________________...

Page 21: ...________________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTION _ RESULT_________________________________ RS d D R EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 _________________________...

Page 22: ...r while retaining the entire contents in A The original contents of the M register are destroyed The R register is not affected by this instruction The setting of the Decimal Wheel has no effect on th...

Page 23: ...ion Is carried out in the M A and R registers Programma 101 can perform these arithmetic operations X V and absolute value Figures are accepted and computed algebraically A negative value is entered b...

Page 24: ...NCATED COMPLETE______________ A M A R R R M A M A R A A M A M A R B b M A M A R B B M A M A R C c M A M A R C C M A M A R D d M A M A R D D M A M A R E e M A M A R E E M A M A R F f M A M A R F F M A...

Page 25: ...D COMPLETE ____________ A M A R R R M A M A R A A M A M A R b b M A M A R B B M A M A R c c M A M A R C C M A M A R d d M A M A R D D M A M A R e e M A M A R E E M A M A R f f M A M A R F F M A M A R...

Page 26: ...A R B x b M A x M A R B x B M A x M A R c x c M A x M A R e x C M A x M A R d x d M A x M A R D x D M A x M A R e x e M A x M A R E x E M A x M A R F x f M A x M A R F x F M A x M A R _______________...

Page 27: ...R B B M A M A R c c M A M A R C C M A M A R d d M A M A R D D M A M A R e e M A M A R E E M A M A R F f M A M A R F F M A M A R _______________________________________________________________________...

Page 28: ...M M A A A A M M A A b b M M A A B B M M A A c c M M A A C C M M A A d d M M A A D D M M A A e e M M A A E E M M A A f f M M A A F F M M A A ____________________________________________________________...

Page 29: ...lue The absolute value instruction A changes the contents of the A register if negative to positive EXAMPLE Decimal Wheel set at 2 ______________________________________ M A R B _ BEFORE 3 6 4 8 A AFT...

Page 30: ...petitive sequences in a program to be executed Select alternate routines or subroutines at the discretion of the operator Automatically branch to alternate routines or subroutines according to the val...

Page 31: ...An abbreviated form of this list is to combine V W Y or Z as follows A C B D E V W Y or Z R F All programs normally begin with the reference point of an unconditional jump instruction Reference Point...

Page 32: ...ump Instructions ____________________________________________________ ______POINT OF ORIGIN REFERENCE POINT_______ V aV W aW Y aY Z aZ cV bV cW bW cY bY cZ bZ dV eV dW eW dY eY dZ eZ rV fV rW fW rY fY...

Page 33: ...e program is for a simple calculation c a b to illustrate conditional jumps by testing for a or 0 value in the A register Starting point of program reached by touching the key V AV Stop computer to en...

Page 34: ...ions This method is primarily useful for values with many digits and or repeatedly utilized throughout the program Having keyed in a program from the keyboard or having loaded a program from a magneti...

Page 35: ...rint the sequence of instructions that corresponds to the entered value Then the programmer enters these instructions as a part of the program following the special instruction a A the special instruc...

Page 36: ...ONLY a the last instruction printed or b that portion of an instruction entered on the keyboard 7 After writing the program turn RECORD PROGRAM switch OFF out 8 If constants are to be used by the prog...

Page 37: ...n will be from the D and E registers of the memory to the program card 3 If the contents of a card are to be read only into the D and E registers The PRINT PROGRAM switch is tumed ON in and the progra...

Page 38: ...a mis operation has been detected When a magnetic program card is misread the error indicated is usually either the result of a damaged or dirty card or the improper insertion of the card examine the...

Page 39: ...matically 2 The results of addition and subtraction will be printed only by touching the keys A and in sequence 3 The key when touched will cause both printing and clearing of the selected register ex...

Page 40: ...and Transfer to B Enter D and Transfer to B Move 9 B to A register Add 3 8 to 9 A Print anawer in A Transfer answer to C Move 9 B to A register Subtract 3 B from 9 A Print answer In A Add answer A and...

Page 41: ...or a to A register Multiply factor b X a Print answer in A register Add answer and GT C register Transfer new GT to C register Transfer factor a to A register Divide factor b into factor a Print answe...

Page 42: ...er and pull paper tape holder forward 2 Move the ribbon reverse levers away from the spools see diaagram 3 Remove spools and ribbon and discard 4 Replace the spools and thread the ribbon as indicated...

Page 43: ...between the two holders so the tape feeds from underneath and insert paper roll bar 3 Turn Programma on 4 Feed the tape over the guide bar b and under the print cylinder Depress the tape advance leve...

Page 44: ...in the A register Exchange the contents of M a and the contents of A 1 Subtract 1 from a giving a 1 Divide a by itself creating 1 in the A register Subtract a from 1 giving 1 a Multiply a by itself g...

Page 45: ...t Transfer complete result to A register R R R Subtract negative remainder from complete result A A A Print rourded result ___________________________________________________________________________ F...

Page 46: ...l is at 5 At the point where the routine begins assume the operation has been completed and the value to be rounded is in the A register D x Multiply the contents of the A register by 102 to shift dec...

Page 47: ...D containing positions 1 12 and the lower half f e d containing positions 13 24 A two digit number in the upper half of a register would thus occupy positions 1 and 2 A two digit number in the lower h...

Page 48: ...there is no restriction on the instruction immediately preceding the space allotted for the number Normally it would be an origin point to enable the program to skip around the number and continue wit...

Page 49: ...stant to the setting of the Decimal Wheel e g with the Decimal Wheel at 4 generate constant 0 0003 Following is a routine to generate a constant to one position more than the setting of the Decimal Wh...

Page 50: ...register as a counter which initially has an index stored in it This index is reduced by 1 each time the loop is cycled When the count reaches 0 we may exit the loop Two examples are shown below Count...

Page 51: ...This can be accomplished by creating the compound number 453281397 024 and storing it in the D register Note that each of the constants must have the same number of digits The generated number 1000 wi...

Page 52: ...particularly useful in applications such as a moving average in which the entry of each subsequent value displaces the contents of every register in the sequence like a row of dominoes Consider for e...

Page 53: ...t we have intermediate results in the following registers requiring further processing BEFORE M A Z R S E B E B F C F C S A set of instructions similar to those which appear on this page would be adde...

Page 54: ...of Xi Yi pairs The program consists of three sides of a card and will yield the fol lowing information SIDE A INPUT OUTPUT Xi Yi n R Xi 1 LogX b LogX 2 c LogY B LogX LogY C Logy 2 D SIDE B CONTINUATIO...

Page 55: ...tercept with X 1 B a 1 b Intercept with Y 1 if k 10 then E Loge10 2 3025 850930 k e then E 1 Unless altered the program computes all logarithms to the base 10 _________________________________________...

Page 56: ...07 12 A 36 D x 60 S 84 108 c 13 A 37 C 61 S 85 109 14 F 38 C 62 S 86 110 C 15 E 39 D 63 A W 87 111 16 E 40 B 64 B 88 112 d Variable 17 41 B 65 C 78 113 18 42 D 66 B 90 114 D 19 E 43 A x 67 C 91 115 20...

Page 57: ...E 35 E 59 D 83 107 12 C 36 E 60 B 84 108 c 13 B x 37 E 61 D x 85 109 14 E 38 D 62 A 86 110 C 15 E 39 E 63 C 87 111 16 D 40 A 64 E x 88 112 d 17 B 41 D 65 A 78 113 18 B x 42 A x 66 C 90 114 D 19 E 43 F...

Page 58: ...58 82 106 B 11 A 35 59 83 107 12 D 36 A 60 84 108 c 13 A V 37 B 61 85 109 14 38 V 62 86 110 C 15 B 39 63 87 111 16 B 40 64 88 112 d 17 B 41 65 78 113 18 C x 42 66 90 114 D 19 D 43 67 91 115 20 F 44 68...

Page 59: ...rt Return to Step 6 unti data is exhausted Then go to Step 9 Depress Z Computer prints n R LogX b LogX 2 C LogY B LogXLogY C LogY 2 D Without depressing the General Reset Key Insert Side B of Program...

Page 60: ...t is desired to plot the fitted curve on Log Log paper go to Step 16 Depress General Reset Key Insert Side C of Program Card Depress V Enter Logka and Depress Start Enter b and Depress Start Note thes...

Page 61: ...ditional 32 33 instructions 31 32 unconditional 31 Keyboard diagram 12 function of 11 locked 11 release key 11 Loops 30 33 M Register capacity of 7 function of 7 22 23 Magnetic Program Card 11 Magneti...

Page 62: ...10 34 58 82 106 B 11 35 59 83 107 12 36 60 84 108 c 13 37 61 85 109 14 38 62 86 110 C 15 39 63 87 111 16 40 64 88 112 d 17 41 65 78 113 18 42 66 90 114 D 19 43 67 91 115 20 44 68 92 116 e 21 45 69 93...

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