72
RU
Ź
Ⱦɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɱɬɨ
ȼɵ
ɩɪɨɱɥɢ
ɜɫɟ
³Ɇɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨ
-
ɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ´
Ź
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ
ɨɛ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɜɨɟɦɭ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢ
-
ɬɚɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
1
Ɇɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
2
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
2
1
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠ
-
ɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɭ
(Fig
2-1)
:
1
1
2
(
)
(
)
4
4
3
(
)
(
)
4
2
4
( 5 × 25)
4
5
1
6
1
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
:
Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɦɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɜɦɵ
ɢɥɢ
ɝɢɛɟɥɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
:
Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɦɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
,
“
-
”
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
:
,
.
:
.
:
,
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
ELV
:
-
,
.
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
:
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɬɢɬɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬ
ɧɚ
ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɯ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
:
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
2
5
ɦ
ɨɬ
ɩɨɥɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
:
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɤ
ɞɢɥɟɪɭ
ɢɥɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɦ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɟɝɨ
ɜɟɫ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɚɛɟɥɢ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɱɬɨ
ɤɚɛɟɥɢ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ
ɚ
ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟ
ɧɚɬɹɧɭɬɵ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɣɬɟ
ɤɚɛɟɥɢ
ɜɧɚɯɥɟɫɬ
(
ɟɫɥɢ
ɢɧɨɟ
ɧɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɜ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɞɨɤɭ
-
ɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
)
ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɭ
ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬ
Mitsu
E
ishi Electric
ɞɥɹ
ɢɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɤ
ɞɢɥɟɪɭ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ
ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɤ
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɹɦ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ȼɫɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ
-
ɤɨɦ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ
ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɢɡ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ
ɜ
ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦ
ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɥɢɰɚɦɢ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ
ȼɵɪɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢ
ɨɬɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ
ɬɪɚɜɦɵ
-
ɩɨ
-
ɪɟɡɵ
ɢ
ɬɞ
ɉɪɨɫɢɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ
ɧɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ
ɨɞɟɠɞɭ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɬɞ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
:
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɞɨ
-
ɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɨɫɨɛɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ɂɚɡɟɦɥɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɰɟɩɢ
ɟɫɥɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɰɟɩɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɤ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɦɨɤɪɵɦɢ
ɪɭɤɚɦɢ
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɟɫɥɢ
ɟɝɨ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɢ
ɤɪɵɲɤɢ
ɫɧɹɬɵ
ɇɟ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɢ
ɜɵɲɟ
ɩɨɬɨɥɤɚ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ
(
ɜɵɲɟ
ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɪɨɫɵ
26
ɋ
)
ɜɨ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɬɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɨɡɧɢ
-
ɤɚɬɶ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ
ɪɨɫɵ
ɉɪɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɚ
ɜɫɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɩɨɬɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
(10
±
20
ɦɦ
)
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ
ɪɨɫɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
:
ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɮɪɚɡɚ
³ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɩɭɥɶɬ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ´
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɩɭɥɶɬɭ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
PAR-
32MAA
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɭɥɶɬɚɯ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɫɹ
ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚɯ
1.
.......................................................................72
2.
...........................................................72
3.
.......................................................74
4.
..............................................................75
5.
..........................................................................77
6.
....................................................81
7.
.........................................................................84
Fig
2-1
1
2
3
4
5
6