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Children’s electronic calendar 2019

LEDs, transistors and the piezo transducer

Dear children,

Running up to Christmas there are 24 electronic projects waiting for you. The focus is on transistors, light emitting diodes, 
a light sensor and a small speaker. You can build completely different things with these components. There is much to 
see, to hear and to experiment! And if you want, you can find the information you need here to learn more about how 
everything works.

Self-constructed red LED light

Behind the first door of your calendar you 
will find six components, so you can start 
right away. There are four things needed 
in each experiment: a plug-in board, a 
battery clip, a switch and a fuse. For the first 
experiment, there is also a resistor and a 
light-emitting diode (LED).

The battery cable must be fastened as firmly 
as possible so that it does not come loose 
during the many subsequent experiments. 
The exposed ends of the red and black 
cables must be plugged into exactly the right 

contact holes on the PCB. But first make 
small holes with a needle in the protective 
foil on the back of the plate and insert the 
cables from below. This prevents them from 
slipping easily. 

The switch and fuse should be placed 
exactly in the position as shown. This 
then applies to all other experiments until 
Christmas. This will prevent big mistakes 
from occurring. The resistor and LED are 
part of the first experiment. Make sure the 
LED is installed the right way around. It 

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Summary of Contents for 1968203

Page 1: ...ALTER 8 24 thrilling experiments 24 projets passionnants 24 boeiende projecten 24 progetti entusiasmanti 24 fascynuj ce projekty...

Page 2: ...s book cannot be com pletely excluded The publisher and the author are liable for cases of intention or gross negligence according to the legal provisions Moreover the publisher and the author are als...

Page 3: ...distance because a direct look can cause retinal damage This is especially true for bright LEDs in clear housings and especially for power LEDs With white blue violet and ultraviolet LEDs the apparen...

Page 4: ...xperiment a plug in board a battery clip a switch and a fuse For the first experiment there is also a resistor and a light emitting diode LED The battery cable must be fastened as firmly as possible s...

Page 5: ...in this manual do not necessarily have to be observed in order to set up the experiments successfully But they can help you understand everything better A circuit diagram shows the connections of the...

Page 6: ...around the power will always be on When the LED lights up as soon as you press the button it is correctly installed Use the light button for Morse messages or for secret signs that no one else knows...

Page 7: ...the same The battery voltage of 9 V is divided between three users The red LED has 1 8 V the green LED has 2 2 V and the resistor has 5 V If all partial voltages are added up we get a total voltage o...

Page 8: ...0 1 brown 1 1 10 1 red 2 2 100 2 orange 3 3 1000 yellow 4 4 10000 green 5 5 100000 0 5 blue 6 6 1000000 violet 7 7 10000000 grey 8 8 white 9 9 gold 0 1 5 silver 0 01 10 4 Open the 4th door and remove...

Page 9: ...t there is another very important measurement The electrical current is measured in amperes A or in milliamperes for small currents mA 1 1000 A All these names come from famous researchers who were th...

Page 10: ...us researcher Michael Faraday The smaller units are microfarad F nano farad nF and picofarad pF The label 104 stands for 1 0 0000 i e 100 000 Picofarad 100 000 pF 100 nF On the sixth day on your calen...

Page 11: ...s 7 The PTC fuse All your experiments are secured by a fuse to help if a mistake occurs If you accidentally short circuit a cable it could become glowing hot or the battery could heat up break or even...

Page 12: ...ed the disc bends slightly This creates a noise Open the 8th door and discover a small piezo speaker with two wires The connecting wires are very thin and soft and must therefore be protected just lik...

Page 13: ...It has 1 000 k Kiloohm so a 1 M Megaohm This very large resistor provides a very small current that only slowly charges the piezo transducer Open and close the contact several times Both LEDs will cle...

Page 14: ...to electrical energy The same component functions as a speaker microphone and electrical generator Therefore it is also called a piezoelectric sound transducer Deformation owing to pressure on the mem...

Page 15: ...ances are added to the pure silicon Depending on the type of these substances N silicon or P silicon is obtained There are three layers in your transistor NPN Other types have a different layer sequen...

Page 16: ...generated current while the red LED shows the current amplified by the transistor Behind the 12th door you will find a resistor marked 330 k Orange Orange Yellow Integrate it into this amplifier circ...

Page 17: ...ls are directly connected and the emitter of the first transistor leads to the base of the second transistor This circuit is called a Darlington circuit With this a touch switch will be built here If...

Page 18: ...n addition the push button switch is also installed You can turn on the light quickly and let it go out slowly over half an hour 14 Photodiode Each diode consists of a semiconductor with a PN barrier...

Page 19: ...ircuit In addition a very small base current is needed which the is supplied by the yellow LED depending on the lighting In addition there are buttons for continuous light Wait a while until the red a...

Page 20: ...red LED lights up brighter when more light falls on the photo transistor The red LED goes out in complete darkness Like a normal transistor the phototransistor has an emitter long wire and a collecto...

Page 21: ...won t turn on by itself when you pull the paper out But it only takes a short flash of light or the light of a lamp to switch it on again You can place the circuit in a dark room and after a while fin...

Page 22: ...is a circuit that can have two stable states The existing state remains stored as long as you do not intentionally change it The flip flop is therefore also an information memory In this case only one...

Page 23: ...place a small weight on the diaphragm It could be an eraser or a coin for example Then gently tap the table The LED will flicker brightly Even the smallest vibrations of the floor can be displayed whe...

Page 24: ...w much deeper and more like a rattling The sound can be changed by partially holding the sound hole of the speaker The LED seems to light up evenly But if you make a quick movement with your eyes you...

Page 25: ...scillator A circuit that generates vibrations independently is also called an oscillator Oscillators are important circuits in electronics and computer technology In a computer many components work in...

Page 26: ...o needs a resistor in series The piezo speaker is also connected for this test You ll hear strange sounds when the colours switch Sometimes the controller creates a kind of flashing light Then all you...

Page 27: ...is built in to switch off the flickering at high brightness With this you can build 24 a Christmas LED lamp that only becomes active in the dark The lights look like sparkling stars and flickering ca...

Page 28: ...7 GTIN 4019631150622 Made in P R China 2019 Franzis Verlag GmbH Richard Reitzner Allee 2 D 85540 Haar Germany 2019 01 N 1968203 MAKERFACTORY distributed by Conrad Electronic SE Klaus Conrad Str 1 9224...

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