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Device description
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– E650 Series 4 – ZMD400AT/CT, ZFD400AT/CT – User Manual
Harmonics considered for reactive energy
As RMS values are used for the calculation of the apparent energy with
calculation method 2, not only the fundamental wave but also the
harmonics are taken into account. Therefore, if harmonics are present, the
measured values are greater than those of calculation method 1.
The values of two measurement quantities (incl. pulse inputs EX1 and EX2)
can be added.
The power factor cosφ is calculated in combimeters as follows:
The meter uses the method of calculation employed for calculating the
apparent power.
The rms values of the voltages U1
rms
, U2
rms
and U3
rms
are obtained from
the mean values of the squares of the voltages by extracting the root and
directly from these the phase voltages U1, U2 and U3.
The rms values of the currents I1
rms
, I2
rms
and I3
rms
are obtained from the
mean values of the squares of the currents by extracting the root and
directly from these the phase currents I1, I2 and I3.
The signal processor calculates the instantaneous neutral current i0 by
adding the instantaneous phase currents i1, i2 and i3.
i1
i2
i3
i0
i0 = i1 + i2 + i3
(vectorial addition)
Figure 14. Neutral current I
0
The signal processor calculates the network frequency f
n
by forming the
reciprocal from the time t
U1-U1
between two zero passages of voltage U1.
The signal processor calculates the phase angles between voltages U1-U2
and U1-U3 from the times t
U1-U1
, t
U1-U2
and t
U1-U3
between zero passages of
the various voltages.
The signal processor calculates the phase angle between voltage U1 and
current per phase from the times t
U1-I1
, t
U1-I2
and t
U1-I3
between zero
passages of the voltage U1 and the phase currents.
2 forms of representation are available for displaying the phase angle.
These can be selected by parameterisation.
Case 1
: All voltage and current angles are displayed clockwise with
reference to the voltage in phase 1. The values of the angles are always
positive and can be from 0 to 360°.
Summation channels
Power factor
cosφ
Phase voltages
Phase currents
Neutral current
Network frequency
Phase angles