Kodak DirectView CR 800 System Theory Manual Download Page 4

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Image Acquisition and Processing

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Scanning Sequence

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Fast Scan

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Image Acquisition

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Processing the Data

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Image Processing

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Glossary

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Summary of Contents for DirectView CR 800 System

Page 1: ...on Internet Tech Bulletin on Intranet Table of Contents Eastman Kodak Company 2000 TheoryGuide Production HealthImaging Publication No TG3519 1 31MAR00 THEORY GUIDE for the KODAK DirectView CR 800 System l H177_0500GC ...

Page 2: ...r other fault 2 12 12 94 1234563 Laser Warning Description Page Table of Contents System Overview 3 System Description 3 Place in the Hospital Clinical Setting 5 Servicibility 6 Historical Perspective 7 Computed Radiography CR Theory 8 From X ray to CR 8 CR Overview 9 Exposing the Storage Phosphor Plate 10 Stimulating the Phosphor 11 From Light Energy to Analog Signal 12 From Analog to Digital 13 ...

Page 3: ...stem 32 Function Components 32 Scan Erase Positions 33 Slow Scan Operation 34 A7 COIL BD Operation 35 ENCODER Operation 36 OPTICAL Subsystem 37 Overview 37 Generating and Focusing the Laser Beam 37 Operation of the GALVO System not an official name any ideas 38 PMT System This is not an official name of anything what should I call it 41 Error and Activity Logs 45 Error Reporting Logs 45 Activity L...

Page 4: ... 4 12 12 94 1234563 Image Acquisition and Processing 57 Scanning Sequence 57 Fast Scan 58 Image Acquisition 58 Processing the Data 61 Image Processing 63 Glossary 65 ...

Page 5: ...laser to extract the latent image convert the image information from analog to digital process the image and display it to the user for quality enhancement Compact Size Each CR 800 requires only 63 5 x 73 6 cm 25 x 29 in of floor space TOUCH SCREEN MONITOR The TOUCH SCREEN MONITOR conveniently located on the top of the unit is used for entering exam and patient information viewing and enhancing im...

Page 6: ...ly route images to various destinations A ROP can be dedicated to a single CR 800 multiple ROPs to a single CR 800 or multiple ROPs to multiple CR 800s in a cluster PEC information entered through a ROP and distributed across the network can be associated with the proper image regardless of where the image is scanned A ROP consists of a dedicated compact PC computer with standard operating system ...

Page 7: ...n a cluster to include From 1 to 5 CR 800 Systems From 0 to 10 REMOTE OPERATIONS PANELS Each device in the cluster whether a CR 800 or a ROP can communicate with every other device in that cluster While there is no limit to the number of clusters that may exist on a network at the same time devices can communicate only with other devices in their own cluster Connecting to the Hospital System All t...

Page 8: ...ease of access and reading and they can be sorted by field date code number etc facilitating truubleshooting Provides internal diagnostics including error codes component tests and sensor tests Remote access via a dedicated modem attached to the unit or via a modem server provided by the facility A single point of entry to the service functions of all other CR 800 Systems on the customer s network...

Page 9: ...orage phosphors to record an image Using heat the image was revived for viewing in a dark room A red light erased the image and the phosphpro screen was reused 1936 J Kunz and F Urbach First patent for creating images from stimulable phosphors U S Pat 2 074 226 1941 1947 Research continued worldwide including the U S Military using different types of phosphors 1947 O Berg and H Kaiser Created cont...

Page 10: ... film In computed radiographic systems such as the CR 800 System the X ray photons that reach the storage phosphor screen charge the phosphor creating a latent image on the Screen The latent image is made from the X rays that penetrate the patient however the rays that do not emerge from the patient but are absorbed also contribute to the image providing the lighter areas of the captured image Cap...

Page 11: ...subsections CR Operation CR Component Exposing the storage phosphor plate to X ray photons X ray generator not part of the CR system Storage Phosphor Plate Releasing the energy stored in the charged phosphors by stimulating the phosphor scanning Stimulating light source red laser beam Scanning optics Deflector such as the Galvo used in the CR 800 System Beam shaping components The CR 800 uses a be...

Page 12: ...ence When the charged phosphors on the screen are stimulated by light the CR 800 uses a red laser beam the phosphors release blue light discharge proportional to the energy they have stored Fading The latent image will fade with time Useful data can however be read off the screen for several days after scanning Residual Image Even after a screen has been erased by exposing it to intense light it w...

Page 13: ...is accomplished by a galvonometer driven mirror The position of the beam is monitored and adjusted constantly to ensure the speed and accuracy of the scanning operation Scanning Optics Depending on the angle of the laser beam as it moves across the plate the size shape and speed of the beam change Imagine the shape of a flashlight beam as you move it across a flat surface from one edge to the cent...

Page 14: ...e the emitted light intensity is very low the detector must have a good conversion efficiency that is one with high gain and low noise Typically photomultiplier tubes PMT are used The PMTs convert the light photons into electrons as they enter the PMT through a photocathode As the electrons are moved through the chambers of the PMT they increase in number gain Summing and Filtering the Signal If m...

Page 15: ...value which represents one pixel of infomation on the screen The output is a linear digital signal the CR 800 produces a 16 bit digital signal with a total signal range of 65 536 levels This is a difficult range to work with and impossilbe for the human eye to discriminate this range of values Therefore the 16 bit linear image data is converted to12 bit log data at least for the CR 800 A 12 bit lo...

Page 16: ...ambient conditions such as heat cold or humidity Cannot be in more than 1 location at a time CR images can be viewed at numerous locations at the same time in the same building or in remote locations Film is the recording output and archiving medium Recording medium is storage phosphor output can be film or paper or digital display archiving medium is digital Image density and contrast are control...

Page 17: ...timized images where they are needed when they are needed A CR 800 can even be placed in the X Ray room eliminating the need for the radioprapher to leave the exam room for PLATE processing In cluster arrangements the placement of the REMOTE OPERATIONS PANEL in the exam room allows quick access to both PEC data and scanned images Operator Interface DS1 TOUCH SCREEN MONITOR Browser Interface Servic...

Page 18: ...3 18 12 12 94 1234563 ...

Page 19: ...stration showing Cassette and parts Cf PPT 7 5 CASSETTE SHELL The SHELL is composed of a carbon fiber front and an aluminum back open on one side for removal and insertion of the phosphor plate A LATCH on the inside of the SHELL holds the PLATE in place inside the SHELL PLATE The PHOSPHOR PLATE consists of the PHOSPHOR SCREEN and a rigid backing BARCODE LABEL Each CASSETTE has a unique BARCODE LAB...

Page 20: ...graph Image Matrix Size The CR 800 scans the STORAGE PHOSPHOR SCREENS at the resolutions shown in the table below The scan rate is the same for GP and HR SCREENS of the same sizes Note The file size of the 24 x 30 cm PLATE is more than the larger 35 x 35 cm PLATE due to the greater sampling rate The image size in pixels for the 24 x 30 cm PLATE is the same as for the largest PLATE 35 x 43 cm becau...

Page 21: ... the following formats are supported Code 39 Interleaved Two for Five Code 128 Code 11 Two fo Five Codabar Plessy Code Ames Code Digit Represents 1st Constant value of 0 2nd 1 General Purpose GP 2 High Definition HR 3rd and 4th Size 01 18 x 24 cm 02 24 x 30 cm 03 35 x 35 cm 04 35 x 43 cm 5th through 10th Serial number of the CASSETTE Illustration variation H141_0015HC H141_0015HCA ...

Page 22: ...ill complete all activitites including shut down of the operating system of the INTERNAL PC System will notify the user of an impending shutdown via a dialog box message within 30 seconds of the initial loss of power to the UPS System will attempt to complete transmission of any images being routed at the time of the power loss If a CASSETTE has been detected at the PLATE load position prior to co...

Page 23: ...64 Doug Seim V AC 50 60 Hz and transfroms it to 120 V AC 50 60 Hz UPS 1 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY Receives 120 VAC from the T1 TRANSFORMER and distributes it to PS1 as well as to the ERASE AY and the INTERNAL PC PS1 DC POWER SUPPLY This supply has 24 V DC and 24 V DC outputs only It receives 120 V AC from UPS 1 and supplies all the circuit boards as well as the PS 2 and the TOUCHSCREEN MONITOR ...

Page 24: ...6 24 12 12 94 1234563 Section 6 Logic and Control Diagram Communication is there anything I should say here ...

Page 25: ...The A3 DIGITIZER BD is primarily responsible for acquiring laser reference and image data from the A5 PMT DAS BD and setting up timing and control to the A5 PMT DAS and A4 GALVO BDs including Synchronizing the start and sweep of the GALVO Fast Scan and the PMT DAS data acquisition A D converters Receiving image and reference data one pixel at at time actually in 32 bit segments half image and half...

Page 26: ...OIL BOARD in the SLOW SCAN MOTOR to drive the COILS and read the HALL EFFECT SENSORS It also connects to the ENCODER at the bottom of the SLOW SCAN MOTOR ASSEMBLY See A7 COIL BD Operation A7 COIL BD The A7 COIL BD is an integral component of the SLOW SCAN MOTOR Six identical triangular shaped coils of wire are located on the surface of the A7 BD The coils are arranged around the central shaft of t...

Page 27: ... SLED PLATE When the SLED PLATE moves forward and rearward in response to the indexing of the DUPLEX CAM these components initiate various Cassette handling funcitons A number of CAM FOLLOWERS attached to the underside of the SLED PLATE engage stationary components on the INTERMEDIATE PLATE to actuate the various operations of Cassette Handling INTERMEDIATE PLATE The INTERMEDIATE PLATE is a statio...

Page 28: ...cts with components that cause the PLATE to latch and unlatch and to be hooked and unhooked by the EXTRACTION BAR DUPLEX CAM positions Use J Bailey s VISIO ill M1 CAM MOTOR Mounted on the left facing side of the DUPLEX CAM the CAM MOTOR is controlled by the MSC which directs it to index the DUPLEX CAM to each of its 4 positions based on feedback from the S10 and S11 SENSORS Ring flags HOME FLAG PO...

Page 29: ...ns of the DUPLEX CAM The position of the DUPLEX CAM is verified by reading the S10 and S11 SENSOR status after a move After the position is verified the MSC BD directs the CAM MOTOR to index the DUPLEX CAM to the next position four CAM positions from M Poccia s DWG file ...

Page 30: ...or is blocked for more than 5 seconds or if both the S1 and the S2 are blocked S3 CASSETTE REAR SENSOR The S3 CASSETTE REAR SENSOR is mounted on the INTERMEDIATE PLATE and is located at the Cassette Loading end of travel During CASSETTE loading the DRIVE ROLLERS drive the CASSETTE to the END STOP The S3 detects the incoming CASSETTE shutting down the RIGHT and LEFT CASSETTE DRIVE MOTORS S4 LIGHT S...

Page 31: ...IVE ROLLER AYs left and right function exactly the same as the FRONT ROLLER ASSEMBLIES except that they are activated by the L3 MIDDLE ROLLER SOLENOID whenever a CASSETTE smaller than 35 x 35 cm is inserted into the CR 800 LEFT REAR ROLLER AY RIGHT REAR ROLLER AY Each of the REAR ROLLER AYs has a top and bottom ROLLER Both top ROLLERS and the bottom left ROLLER are medium hardness while the bottom...

Page 32: ...an erase operation and reinserted into the CASSETTE SHELL 7 When the PLATE is reinserted the DUPLEX CAM rotates to positions 3 and 4 releasing the HOOKS are latching the PLATE is inside the CASSETTE SHELL Hook yoke ay and extraction bar ACTION OF THE HOOKS IN SIDE THE CASSETTE PLATE HOOK CAM The HOOK CAM is formed by the outer rim of the DUPLEX CAM As the DUPLEX CAM indexes through the positions 1...

Page 33: ...LATE for optimal scanning PLATE GUIDE FINGERS The function of these 2 spring loaded PLATE GUIDE FINGERS FRONT and REAR is to guide the PLATE back into the CASSETTE SHELL S5 PLATE PRESENT SENSOR After the PLATE has been hooked by the EXTRACTION BAR it is pulled downward by the SLOW SCAN AY The hooked PLATE passes between the emitter and detector of the S5 PLATE PRESENT SENSOR The MSC BD reads the s...

Page 34: ...on to allow the EXTRACTION BAR to pass as it moves down and up No SLOW SCAN movement will occur until the NOSEPIECE clear position is verified L2 NOSEPIECE SOLENOID The L2 controls the position of the NOSEPIECE either engaged or clear When the L2 is actuated the NOSEPIECE moves to the engaged position SLOW SCAN MOTOR The SLOW SCAN MOTOR is a 3 phase brushless DC motor responsible for all vertical ...

Page 35: ...ion Position of the EXTRACTION BAR at the start and end of a cycle Home position is between 3 8 and 4 5 cm 1 5 and 1 75 in above the REFERENCE POSITION SENSOR The home position is factory set however it can be adjusted in the field if necessary Start of Scan Position Position in the vertical movement of the EXTRACTION BAR when the NOSEPIECE is engaged as detected by the L1 NOSEPIECE CLEAR SENSOR a...

Page 36: ...er is a very strong MAGNET ENCODER which monitors the speed and position of the MAGNET in its rotation to ensure extreme smoothness and constant velocity See ENCODER Operation Function of the A 6SLOW SCAN CONTROLLER BD The A6 SLOW SCAN CONTROLLER BD is programmed to perform predefined movements of the SLOW SCAN MOTOR The A7 COIL BD and the ENCODER are cabled directly to the A6 CONTROLLER Typically...

Page 37: ...th Velocity To acheive smooth velocity in the MOTOR it is necesary to achieve smooth rotating torque This is done by creating a magnetic field with the COILS that the MAGNET will align itself with When the MAGNET s poles are nearly in alignment with the magnetic field the torque potential is the greatest As the MAGNET rotates away from perfect alignment the COILS need more current to create the sa...

Page 38: ...her in a quadrature relationship One detector looks at the edge of a line while the other looks in the middle of the line The speed of the SLOW SCAN MOTOR is determined by measuring the frequency of the signals The direction of the rotation is determined by the sequence in which the signals change The feedback from the 2 sensors is constantly monitored by the A6 SLOW SCAN CONTROLLER BD and the cur...

Page 39: ...icial name of anything what should I call it Generating and Focusing the Laser Beam LASER LASER SAFETY SHUTTER A shutter controlled by the L1 solenoid that covers the beam of the LASER when the LASER is not in use L2 LASER SHUTTER SOLENOID The L1 is a rotary solenoid responsible for opening and closing the LASER SHUTTER BEAM SPLITTER Reflects most of the beam LASER toward the but allow a small pro...

Page 40: ... well as the PMT DAS BD to collect the image data off the scanned PHOSPHOR PLATE GALVO The GALVO consists of a motor that rotates a SHAFT with a MIRROR at the end that deflects the beam of the LASER onto the PHOSPHOR PLATE A4 GALVO BD The GALVO BD contains an extremely accurate feedback circuit for controlling the position of the MIRROR OR SHAFT hence the beam of the LASER Inputs to the GALVO BD w...

Page 41: ...ignal what should I call this 5 The Closed Loop Servo Circuit receives input about a The desired GALVO shaft mirror position from the State Machine b The actual GALVO position which is derived from signals of the Galvo Position Sensors 6 The Servo Circuit compares the Desired Galvo Position against the Actual Galvo Position The resulting error difference is combined with the Desired Galvo Position...

Page 42: ...hart showing the signal both time and velocity I need help here both in drawing it and in any textthat should accompany the graphical representation This is a pretty bad drawing program but it is just to give you an idea Mike Mesiti will do a better job once we give him the input ...

Page 43: ...MIRROR to sweep the beam of the LASER across the PLATE it also commands the PMT DAS BD to make measurement of the emitted light at precisely controlled intervals Each measurement results in a pixel in the final collected image LIGHT COLLECTOR and NOSEPIECE These components collect the blue light emitted from the PLATE and direct it toward the PMT TUBE All of the inside surfaces of both components ...

Page 44: ...d directly to the 600 volt source The next structure inside the PMT is the FOCUSING ELECTRODE which is set to 500 Volts Further in are a series of DYNODES which are set at decreasing voltages until at the very end is an ANODE which is set at 0 volts The PHOTOCATHODE is made of a material that will emit an electron when it is hit by a light photon However since the efficiency of the PHOTOCATHODE is...

Page 45: ... in order to account for gain variances from PMT to PMT 3 The corrected signals are added together in the SUMMING AMPLIFIER An OFFSET ADJUSTMENT SIGNAL is added in to tune out any dark current that may have accumulated and to compensate for any other offset error in the electronics The offset signal comes from a pair of D A CONVERTERS that allow coarse and fine adjustments 4 The summed signal is t...

Page 46: ...r of the beam of the LASER This signal is amplified by a CURRENT TO VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER on the PMT DAS BD to make voltage signal in proportion to the power of the LASER need to say something about it being at the exact time This signal is also filtered and then converted to digital format by a 16 BIT A D CONVERTER 8 Boy do I need help here The PMT das BD contains logic circuits necessary to interfac...

Page 47: ...cal data being altered or deleted The Error Message provides clear instruction as to the actions the User must perform before resuming operation These error codes and messages are logged along with other Error Codes with the same sorting capabilities is this true or is there a separate file Error History Frequency Errors that cannot be corrected by the user display only the Error Code on the TOUCH...

Page 48: ...ed Service Personnel Activity logs can be sorted by Cassette ID Date Time Technician ID Count of all actuations Occurrences of images deleted prior to routing along with Technician ID Exam type Cassette ID Record of the successful transmission of images to all destinations The log contains the Time and date of the successful transmission Identification of the image Destination identifier ...

Page 49: ... conditions have been met The DUPLEX CAM is at Home position LEFT ROLLER ASSEMBLIES FRONT and MIDDLE are retracted STOP PIN is in the closed position LIGHT SHUTTER is unblocked All MOTORS are stopped EXTRACTION BAR is at Home position NOSEPIECE is in the Clear position 3 The Operator pushes the CASSETTE into the LOADING STATION until the CASSETTE reaches the STOP PIN 4 The CASSETTE ENTRY SENSOR S1...

Page 50: ...emory to receive an image b Creates a RAW_IMAGE file to receive the image is this a 10 mg tIM HAS SUGGESTED THAT IT WILL VARY BASED ON PLATE SIZE ANY OTHER COMMENTS c Sends a Scan Request reply to the MCPU with a value of OK 8 The MCPU a Notifies the MSC that it is OK to load the CASSETTE b Sends the CASSETTE size and speed information to the DIGITIZER BD Note If the barcode read failed the data w...

Page 51: ...oading steps go here 35cm x 35cm 35cm x 43cm The LEFT FRONT ROLLER AY moves to the right to Pinch position which pinches the CASSETTE against the RIGHT FRONT ROLLER AY 18cm x 24cm 24cm x 30cm The L2 MIDDLE ROLLER SOLENOID actuates moving the LEFT MIDDLE ROLLER AY to the right to Pinch the CASSETTE against the RIGHT MIDDLE ROLLER AY Status CASSETTE LOADED CAM has reached position 2 SLED is 250 in f...

Page 52: ... 350 in forward b CLAMP ROLLERS on the CASSETTE ROLLER AYs FRONT or MIDDLE depending on size of the CASSETTE clamp the metal edge of the CASSETTE The CASSETTE is now firmly held at both the front and back edges c The LIGHT SHUTTER moves into the closed position creating a light tight environment for removing the PLATE from the CASSETTE a HOOK CAM pushes against the HOOK YOKE FOLLOWER which is spri...

Page 53: ... by the EXTRACTION BAR as it moves down to the Start of Scan Status PLATE HOOKED CAM has reached position 3 SLED is 600 in forward of Home position CASSETTE is firmly clamped by the DRIVE ROLLERS FRONT or MIDDLE and the CASSETTE REAR ROLLERS CASSETTE is unlatched PLATE is hooked to the EXTRACTION BAR EXTRACTION BAR is at Home position with the hooked PLATE LIGHT SHUTTER is in the Light Lock positi...

Page 54: ...g the back side non image side of the PLATE to position it optimally to be scanned by the LASER beam 4 When the PLATE reaches the PLATE PRESENT SENSOR S5 the SLOW SCAN MOTOR stops 5 The S5 detects that a PLATE is present and reports the status to the MSC 6 The MSC tells the SLOW SCAN to load the PLATE 7 While the PLATE is moving into the Start of Scan position the MCPU a Turns on and zeros the PMT...

Page 55: ...f the LASER beam across the PLATE in the fast scan direction The PLATE is scanned one pixel at a time one line at a time The fast scan movement consists of a nearly horizontal trace across the PLATE from the back of the unit toward the front When it reaches the end of a line it does a quick retrace to start another line Throughout the PLATE is moving down at a controlled velocity so that each fast...

Page 56: ... Erase PLATE 1 The MCPU sends an Erase Plate command to the MSC which tells the SLOW SCAN to begin the Erase 2 The SLOW SCAN MOTOR starts and moves the PLATE into the Erase position based on the encoder counts 3 The PLATE is then moved down and additional 1 to 2 inches to center the PLATE in front of the ERASE LAMPS 4 The SLOW SCAN MOTOR stops and waits for a response from the MCPU to erase the PL...

Page 57: ... As it rotates both the SLED CAM and the HOOK CAM execute specific actions 4 The LIGHT SHUTTER SENSOR S4 detects that the LIGHT SHUTTER is open Note to Tim Step 9 prev pg is the Laser Shutter being closed HMB 5 The CASSETTE DRIVE MOTORS M2 and M3 start up is this in reverse direction moving the CASSETTE toward the front of the LOAD STATION 6 When the LOAD SENSOR S3 is unblocked it sends a message ...

Page 58: ...Cassette Ejected status to the MCPU 10 After the Operator removes the CASSETTE from the LOAD STATION the MSC sends a Scan End status to the MCPU Important The CR 800 will not be able to process another CASSETTE PLATE until the Scan End status is received Communication Networking and Routing Need to get information on this or maybe there isn t anything to say that hasn t already been said Any comme...

Page 59: ...Bd is ready it sends a message to the MCPU and the MCPU tells the Galvo to start moving At the same time it tells the PMT DAS BD that the scan is starting Note This constitutes the Optical Start of Scan is this true just what signals the Optical start of scan What command 3 The The Galvo See Galvo Operation starts up and directs theLASER beam onto the PLATE are these on the plate e g the alum edge...

Page 60: ... for each PLATE size The slow scan is a pre set number of lines in the vertical direction for each plate The Fast scan is defined by a set number of samplings in the horizontal direction across the plate Each sampling defines a pixel the smallest object in an image that you are able to see However the pixel size varies depending on the plate size Image Acquisition Illustration flow showing the pat...

Page 61: ...fast scan direction As it encounters a charged phosphor by the x ray exposure it causes the phosphor to emit blue light The intensity of the blue light is proportional to the strength of the incident X ray and the power of the laser at the point it strikes the phosphor The light is emitted in a random fashion ...

Page 62: ...osphors into the COLLECTOR 3 The PMTs convert the light energy into current signals 4 The output from each of the 5 pMTs is sent to the PMT DAS BD where it is converted and amplified to a proportional voltage signal 5 Gain control is applied to each of the voltage signals to correct for gain variations from the 5 PMTs 6 The corrected signals are summed by the SUMMING AMPLIFIER An offset adjustment...

Page 63: ... of independent measurementsof blue light intensity that have been read off the Plate filtered summed converted from light energy to current converted again from an anolog signal to a 16 bit digital signal and combined with 16 bits of Laser reference data to make up a 32 bit word Each 32 bit word represents a pixel of data ...

Page 64: ...t line on the plate 4 While the next line is being formed the MCPU processes the latest line it received a The MCPU adjusts the pixel value based on the reference data for example if the laser was reading low at that moment it is adjusted upward b The Collector Profile is applied to each pixel to account for any variation in the efficiency of the COLLECTOR 5 The MCPU converts the pixels from 16 bi...

Page 65: ...ampled image e Creates a JPG copy of the sub sample by 4 image This is the image that the Operator sees on the TouchScreen Monitor and that is enhanced by the Operator f Next a JPG copy of the image is created as a thumbnail approximately 70 x 70 pixels This is the image that is displayed on the exam screen All the Thumbnails in the system database are displayed on the exam screen whether waiting ...

Page 66: ...after 3 tries it erases the file and reports the action to the NT where the original file is stored Note After the MIM has delivered the processed image the MIM file is deleted However the original raw image and all the processing parameters are saved in directory on the PC data base for possible future use The data base has a high water mark after which an automatic program deletes files 6 The di...

Page 67: ...Glossary 1234563 12 12 94 13 67 Section 13 Glossary ...

Page 68: ...13 68 12 12 94 1234563 kodak ...

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