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APPENDIX

Summary of Contents for CM 11

Page 1: ...INSTRUCTION MANUAL Kipp Zonen 0305 201 PYRANOMETER ALBEDOMETER 14 11...

Page 2: ...ILITY Kipp Zonen guarantees that the product delivered has been thoroughly tested to ensure that it meets its published specifications The warranty included in the conditions of delivery is valid only...

Page 3: ...under our sole responsibility that the product Type CM 11 14 Name Pyranometer To which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following standards Imissions EN 50082 1 Group standard Emiss...

Page 4: ...le version CM 11 13 2 1 2 Technical data of albedo version CM 14 15 2 2 Accuracy 18 3 INSTALLATION 21 3 1 Delivery 21 3 2 Mechanical installation 22 3 2 1 Installation for measurement of global radiat...

Page 5: ...alculation 40 6 3 4 Zero offset 40 6 3 5 Traceability to World Radiometric Reference 41 7 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ S 43 8 TROUBLE SHOOTING 45 9 PART NUMBERS SPARE PARTS OPTIONS 47 APPENDIX I CLA...

Page 6: ...nent of solar radiation only the direct solar component can be shielded semi automatically from the pyranometer by the Kipp Zonen shadow ring CM 121 and fully automatically by the 2AP tracker with sha...

Page 7: ...ng of the direct solar component for every position of the sun on the celestial sphere The spectral range of the pyranometer is limited by the transmission of the glass See figure 3 A desiccator in th...

Page 8: ...ctions due to the heat flow necessary to load or unload the sensor heat capacity In the CM 11 there is principally no zero offset B because there is a second non illuminated compensation element See f...

Page 9: ...opposite to the heat flow from absorbed solar radiation and causes the well known zero depression at night of approximately 5 W m2 This negative zero offset is also present on a clear day however hid...

Page 10: ...offset in CM 11 Zero offset A 7 W m2 response to 200 W m2 thermal radiation ventilated domes 12 W m2 response to 200 W m2 thermal radiation no ventilation Zero offset B 3 W m2 response to 5 C hr chan...

Page 11: ...GENERAL INFORMATION 10 Figure 2 Spectral reflectance of Carbon black coating as measured in a UV VIS NIR spectrophotometer with integrating sphere attachment...

Page 12: ...feature and depends on imperfections of the glass domes and angular reflection properties of the black paint 1 2 4 Temperature dependence For a given heat flow the sensitivity of the pyranometer is a...

Page 13: ...GENERAL INFORMATION 12...

Page 14: ...1500 Ohm Response time 15 s 95 response 24 s 99 response Non linearity 0 6 1000 W m2 Temperature dependence of sensitivity 1 10 0 C to 40 0 C Directional error 10 W m2 beam 1000 W m2 Tilt error 0 25...

Page 15: ...m outer diameter Desiccant Silica gel Spirit level Sensitivity 0 1 bubble half out of the ring Coincide with base of the instrument Detector surface and base are coplanar within 0 1 Materials Anodised...

Page 16: ...a of the CM 11 pyranometer also apply to the albedometer CM 14 Sensors of equal sensitivity Conical lower screen which prevents illumination of the lower glass dome at sunrise and sunset Impedance Dep...

Page 17: ...TECHNICAL DATA 16 Figure 5 Kipp Zonen pyranometer CM 11 outline dimensions in mm...

Page 18: ...TECHNICAL DATA 17 Figure 6 Kipp Zonen albedometer CM 14 outline dimensions in mm...

Page 19: ...e WMO expects maximum errors in the hourly radiation totals of 3 In the daily total an error of 3 is expected because some response variations cancel out each other if the integration period is long T...

Page 20: ...the curve is somewhere in the shaded region of figure 8 Figure 8 The curve of relative sensitivity variation with instrument temperature of a pyranometer CM 11 is in the shaded region A typical curve...

Page 21: ...directional error Max zenith error in any azimuth direction 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 0 20 40 60 70 80 Zenith angle Degrees Maximum relative error 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 6 00 8 00 Figure 9...

Page 22: ...order to facilitate the repair or replacement of the instrument The CM 11 pyranometer delivery will include the following items 1 CM 11 pyranometer 2 White sun screen 3 2 x Mounting bolts nuts washer...

Page 23: ...range between earliest sunrise and latest sunset should have an elevation not exceeding 5 The apparent sun diameter is 0 5 This is important for an accurate measurement of the direct solar radiation T...

Page 24: ...wo nylon rings are provided The pyranometer should first be secured lightly with the bolts to a mounting stand or platform Shown in figure 10 Note After reinstallation and recalibration the nylon insu...

Page 25: ...INSTALLATION 24 Figure 10 Mounting the pyranometer Screw M5x80 Nylon insulator Washer M5 Nut M5...

Page 26: ...izontal See Appendix II Finally the pyranometer should be secured tight with the two stainless steel bolts Ensure that the pyranometer maintains the correct levelled position 3 2 2 Installation for me...

Page 27: ...tation The lower screen prevents direct illumination of the domes by the sun at sunrise and sunset Offset signals generated in the pyranometer by thermal effects see paragraph 1 2 1 are a factor of 5...

Page 28: ...ng is possible however less accurate The shadow ring intercepts the direct solar radiation some days without readjustment but also a proportion of the diffuse sky radiation Therefore corrections for t...

Page 29: ...er irradiance level The mast in the construction of figure 12 intercepts a fraction D 2 S of the radiation coming from the ground In the most unfavourable situation sun at zenith the pyranometer shado...

Page 30: ...l outer case is advised Looking at the circuit diagram of figure 14 it is clear that the impedance of the readout equipment is loading the thermistor circuit and the thermopiles It can increase the te...

Page 31: ...le voltage range can be set so that the result can be read directly in W m2 Figure 14 Circuit diagram of the CM 11 pyranometer and connection to readout equipment When an optional temperature sensor i...

Page 32: ...2 W m 2 due to lack of thermal equilibrium A surge arrester is installed to conduct induced lightning currents to the case It is recommended to ground the case for this reason The surge arrester is no...

Page 33: ...series the net global radiation is measured When the outputs are recorded separately the albedo can be calculated by dividing reflected by global radiation Figure 15 Circuit diagram of Kipp Zonen alb...

Page 34: ...ity emf Solar S U E formula 1 E Solar Global radiation W m 2 Uemf Output of pyranometer V Sensitivity Sensitivity of pyranometer V W m 2 To be certain that the quality of the data is of a high standar...

Page 35: ...OPERATION 34...

Page 36: ...ble manually Another periodic check should ensure that the instrument is level and that the silica gel is still coloured orange When the orange silica gel in the drying cartridge is turned completely...

Page 37: ...e will always be some exchange of humid air In some networks the exposed dome of the pyranometer is ventilated continuously by a blower to keep the dome above dew point temperature The need for heatin...

Page 38: ...the Radiation Centre of course However this has no consequences for the transfer of calibration because standard and unknown pyranometer have the same black coating and quartz glass domes The supplied...

Page 39: ...the direct component with a pyrheliometer and the diffuse component with a disk shaded pyranometer As during a clear day the diffuse radiance is only about 10 of the global radiation the sensitivity o...

Page 40: ...om the walls and the operator the light is limited to a small cone around the two pyranometers The unknown pyranometer a and the standard pyranometer b are placed side by side on a small table The tab...

Page 41: ...ula 2 s S b a B B A A formula 2 Sb Sensitivity of the standard pyranometer at 20 C A Output of pyranometer at position 1 A Output of pyranometer at position 2 B Output of standard pyranometer at posit...

Page 42: ...nce Working standard pyranometers are maintained at Kipp Zonen Each standard pyranometer is characterised Linearity temperature dependence curve and directional response are well known The working sta...

Page 43: ...CALIBRATION 42...

Page 44: ...conduction in the dome from the air by wind and from the inner dome through infrared radiation The inner dome is cooling down too and will attract heat from the body by conduction and from the sensor...

Page 45: ...Values up to 1500 W m 2 have been reported Because the clouds move this irradiance value mostly appears as short events of some minutes duration 3 What is the primary entry point for humidity The desi...

Page 46: ...g the direct sun during some part of the day Check the window it should be clear If water is deposited on the inside please change the desiccant If too much water is deposited the instrument should be...

Page 47: ...TROUBLE SHOOTING 46...

Page 48: ...50 mm with metal ring 0305 162 Rubber ring for outer glass dome of CM 11 2132 426 Screen plastic 0305 166 Lower screen CM 14 0012 053 Levelling screw 2 required per pyranometer 0012 117 Fixed foot 001...

Page 49: ...PART NUMBERS SPARE PARTS OPTIONS 48 Description Part no Mounting plate for 4 unventilated sensors 2 upper and 2 lower 0012 092...

Page 50: ...e responsivity is valid for all directions when measuring from any direction a beam radiation whose normal incidence irradiance is 1000 W m2 10 W m2 10 W m2 20 W m2 30 W m2 Temperature response percen...

Page 51: ...APPENDIX I 50...

Page 52: ...that radiation falls at an elevation of approximately 15 to the horizontal the lamp should be fed by a constant voltage supply The output from the radiation instrument is measured at various azimuths...

Page 53: ...APPENDIX II 52...

Page 54: ...manrasset Algeria Tunis Tunisia Region II Asia Poona India Tokyo Japan Region III South America Buenos Aires Argentina Santiago Chile Region IV North and Central America Toronto Canada Boulder U S A M...

Page 55: ...APPENDIX IV 54...

Page 56: ...every two years This can be done at the Kipp Zonen factory Here recalibration to the highest standards can be performed at low cost Recalibration can usually be performed within four weeks If required...

Page 57: ...APPENDIX IV 56...

Page 58: ...tion Type Model Qty Requested delivery time I intend to send the instruments to Kipp Zonen on I would like to receive the instrument s back on Conformation by Kipp Zonen Yes the dates are acceptable t...

Page 59: ...APPENDIX IV 58...

Page 60: ...tion Type Model Qty Requested delivery time I intend to send the instruments to Kipp Zonen on I would like to receive the instrument s back on Conformation by Kipp Zonen Yes the dates are acceptable t...

Page 61: ...APPENDIX IV 60...

Page 62: ...tion Type Model Qty Requested delivery time I intend to send the instruments to Kipp Zonen on I would like to receive the instrument s back on Conformation by Kipp Zonen Yes the dates are acceptable t...

Page 63: ...APPENDIX IV 62...

Page 64: ...ipp Zonen S A R L 7 avenue Cl ment Ader ZA Ponroy B t M F 94420 LE PLESSIS TREVISE T 33 1 49 62 4104 F 33 1 49 62 4102 E kipp france kippzonen com Our customer support remains at your disposal for any...

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