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Standards for Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
9
Standards for Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
9.1
Harmonised Standards
There are three basic standards for human exposure that are coordinated with each other and comprehensively
describe the area of application of RFID systems. It should only be noted here that the description refers to use in
Europe. For the application in other areas of the world, there are adequate standards that are to be applied accordingly.
The relevant standards cover the following areas:
►
Electromagnetic compatibility according to EN 302.208 with the determination of the permitted transmission power
►
Limitation of the exposure of persons to electromagnetic fields according to EN 50364
►
Determination of the exposure of persons to electromagnetic fields according to EN 62369
These three standards are based on the Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53 / EU (RED).
The coordination of these standards with each other and the general validity is described as harmonised and ensures a
single market for radio equipment by setting essential requirements for health and safety, electromagnetic compatibility
and efficient use of the radio spectrum.
UHF RFID Specification
EN 302 208:2016-11
EN 302 208:2016-11
EN 62369-1:2009
Electromagnetic compatibility and
radio bandwidth
limits the radiated power to 2 W ERP
(lower band 866MHz)
limits the radiated power to 4 W ERP
(upper band 915MHz)*.
Limitation of exposure of persons to
electromagnetic fields
Note:
1999/519/EG
2013/35/EU
Determination of the exposure of
persons to electromagnetic fields
Determines 3 procedures to ensure
conformity with standards
Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53 / EU (RED)
* All calculations are performed for the lower band at 866MHz, but are adequate for the upper band!
The basic parameter for the assessment of electromagnetic fields is the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).
This value is not only valid for RFID systems, but also for all other electromagnetic fields and uses the same limit values
and derivations. For example, the limits for mobile phone systems and especially the effects of using mobile phones are
considered equivalently.
Based on established studies for health effects and biological aspects, the specific absorption rate is defined as follows:
►
SAR is the rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed per unit mass.
►
It is expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg) and indicates how much energy is absorbed in the body.
