Huawei Airbridge BTS3612A-1900 Technical Manual Download Page 129

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Technical Manual
Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station

System Principle

Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms

E-4

F-SYNCH

Forward Sync Channel

F-TCH

Forward Traffic Channel

F-TDPICH

Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

GLONASS

Global Navigation Satellite System

GPM

General Paging Message

GPS Global

Position

System

GRIL

GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language

GUI

Graphics User Interface

HA Home

Agent

HDLC

High level Data Link Control

HLR

Home Location Register

HPAU

High Power Amplifier Unit

HPBW

Half Power Beam Width

HPCM

BTS High Precision Clock Module

HPSK

Hybrid Phase Shift Keying

ICP

IMA Control Protocol

ID IDentification

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IF Intermediate

Frequency

IMA

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM

IP Internet

Protocol

IPOA

IP over ATM

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ITC

Independent Transmit Clock

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

ITU-R

International Telecommunications Union-

Radiocommunication Sector

ITU-T

International Telecommunications

Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

Summary of Contents for Airbridge BTS3612A-1900

Page 1: ...es 2 4 2 2 4 Indices 2 5 2 3 BCIM 2 5 2 3 1 Overview 2 5 2 3 2 Structure and Principle 2 5 2 3 3 External Interfaces 2 7 2 3 4 Indices 2 7 2 4 BCPM 2 7 2 4 1 Overview 2 7 2 4 2 Structure and principle 2 8 2 4 3 External Interfaces 2 9 2 4 4 Indices 2 10 2 5 BRDM 2 10 2 5 1 Overview 2 10 2 5 2 Structure and Principle 2 10 2 5 3 External Interfaces 2 12 2 5 4 Indices 2 13 2 6 BASB 2 13 2 6 1 Overvie...

Page 2: ...and Principle 3 6 3 3 3 External Interfaces 3 8 3 3 4 Indices 3 8 3 4 BTRB 3 8 3 4 1 Overview 3 8 3 4 2 Structure and Principle 3 8 3 4 3 External Interfaces 3 9 3 4 4 Indices 3 10 3 5 CDU 3 10 3 5 1 Overview 3 10 3 5 2 Structure and Principle 3 10 3 5 3 External Interfaces 3 11 3 5 4 Indices 3 12 3 6 DFU 3 12 3 6 1 Overview 3 12 3 6 2 Structure and Principle 3 12 3 6 3 External Interfaces 3 13 3 ...

Page 3: ... 2 DC Distribution 5 3 5 2 3 Power Distribution Devices 5 5 5 3 Environment Monitoring 5 6 5 3 1 Structure of Monitoring System 5 6 5 3 2 Monitoring Devices 5 7 Chapter 6 Lightning Protection and Grounding 6 1 6 1 Overview 6 1 6 2 BTS Lightning Protection Principle 6 1 6 2 1 Principle and Characteristics 6 1 6 2 2 Lightning Protection for AC Power 6 2 6 2 3 Lightning Protection for Trunk Cables 6 ...

Page 4: ... 8 7 8 5 Networking Configuration 8 7 8 5 1 Star Networking 8 8 8 5 2 Chain Networking 8 9 8 5 3 Tree Networking 8 10 8 5 4 Fractional ATM Networking 8 11 8 5 5 Cascading with ODU3601Cs 8 11 8 6 Typical Configurations 8 12 8 6 1 Overview 8 12 8 6 2 S 2 2 2 Configuration 8 13 8 6 3 S 4 4 4 Configuration 8 14 Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter A 1 A 1 Performance of Receiver A 1 A 1 ...

Page 5: ...ation Environment C 3 C 3 Operation Environment C 5 Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation D 1 D 1 Introduction D 1 D 2 Maximum Permissible Exposure D 1 D 3 Estimation of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields D 3 D 4 Calculation of Safe Distance D 3 D 5 Location of BTS Antennae D 4 D 5 1 Exclusion Zones D 4 D 5 2 Guidelines on Arranging Antenna Locations D 5 Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms E 1 ...

Page 6: ...n cabinet while the left half is for the auxiliary devices 1 Baseband subrack 2 Carrier subrack 3 Duplexer subrack 4 AC distribution lightning protector wave filter unit 5 Battery subrack 6 Power supply subrack 7 Auxiliary cabinet secondary power switch box 8 Transmission equipment subrack Figure 1 1 BTS3612A cabinet in full configuration I Main cabinet The main cabinet is used to hold the baseban...

Page 7: ...as needed To the right of the subrack is a lightning protector connecting to the GPS GLONASS synchronization antenna z Other devices Between the baseband subrack and the upper carrier subrack are the fiber flange cabling trough fan box and air inlet The cabling trough is used to route the satellite signal receiving cable and fibers connecting the BRDM and carrier modules The extra fibers can be co...

Page 8: ...rol the power supply to the PSUAC DC III Cabinet door Temperature control device such as air conditioner or heat exchanger are equipped on the cabinet door 1 2 Functional Structure Functionally the BTS3612A system is composed of the baseband subsystem Radio Frequency RF subsystem antenna feeder subsystem and power environment monitor subsystem as shown in Figure 1 2 BSC Baseband subsystem Power en...

Page 9: ...Emergency serial port High speed data bus Optical fiber BCIM BTS Control Interface Module BCPM BTS Channel Process Module BCKM BTS Control Clock Module BRDM BTS Resource Distribution Module BTRM BTS Transceiver Module BSC Base Station Controller Figure 2 1 functional structure of baseband subsystem Baseband subsystem accesses transmission system through E1 T1 interface provided by the BCIM so as t...

Page 10: ...d fan module 2 2 BCKM 2 2 1 Overview BCKM controls and manages the entire BTS system Its functions are listed as follows Main control functions Call procedure control signaling processing resource management channel management cell configuration etc Operation maintenance functions O M BTS operation and maintenance such as software download status management data configuration test management inter...

Page 11: ...t provides clock reference through high precision oscillator oven control voltage control oscillator For the introduction to satellite signal receiver see 4 3 5 Receiver II CPU module CPU module controls logical circuits to initialize relevant components The management and control of BTS system is implemented through its system software which includes main control software and operation maintenanc...

Page 12: ... environment information such as fire water temperature and humidity alarms z GPS GLONASS antenna interface It is used to receive satellite signal from the GPS GLONASS so as to provide GPS GLONASS antenna with 5V feed z External synchronization interface If the GPS GLONASS is not available the system clock can keep synchronization with external clock system z Test interface It is an interface for ...

Page 13: ...ds them to corresponding processing boards through the backplane bus z Each BCIM provides 8 E1 T1 links which can support at the most 4 IMA link sets In BTS there are two BCIMs working in load sharing mode and providing physical interfaces to BSC At the most 16 E1 T1 links can be provided z It communicates with BSC through IMA state machine program on the local board and monitors the working statu...

Page 14: ...cells from BCKM through the backplane bus It splits the ATM cell flow into cells transmits them on multiple E1 T1 link according to G 804 standard before sending them to BSC In downlink direction it receives ATM cells from BSC that are distributed on multiple E1 T1 trunk lines inversely multiplexes them into a single ATM cell flow Then it sends AAL2 traffic cells to BCPM and AAL5 signaling cells t...

Page 15: ...supply interface Led out from the power connector on the backplane the interface is connected with 24V power 24V power ground and PGND 2 3 4 Indices z Power voltage 24V z Power consumption 15W z Dimensions 460mm 233 35mm Length Width 2 4 BCPM 2 4 1 Overview The BCPM is logically located between the BRDM and the BCIM The BCPM is the traffic processing board of the system In full configuration six B...

Page 16: ...processing pool z High performance processor with two kernels and internal cache 2 4 2 Structure and principle The BCPM comprises the following parts as shown in Figure 2 4 Multiplex demultiplex module Baseband processing module CPU module Backplane bus module Power supply module BCPM BASB Control bus Clock module BRDM Data bus RS232 BCKM High speed data bus Data bus Data bus Figure 2 4 Structure ...

Page 17: ... boards in the BTS baseband part through backplane bus including control information communication with BCKM and traffic data communication with BCIM V Clock module The clock module performs double frequency phase locking to the clock signals from the backplane provides clock for boards and drives and co phases the clock signals generated on the local board to get satisfactory clock signals VI Pow...

Page 18: ...tates the utilization of channel resource and flexible configuration of the channel capacity of each sector carrier The BRDM has the following functions and features z Optical interfaces are configured to provide high speed data paths to BTRM ODU3601C z Six pairs of high speed data bus interfaces are provided to six BCPM slots through the backplane z Flexible data distribution and exchange between...

Page 19: ...data interface High speed data interface High speed data interface 4 high speed data buses 4 high speed data buses 4 high speed data buses Figure 2 5 Structure of BRDM module 6 pairs of multi mode optical interfaces The BRDM is composed of optical module high speed data interface module switching module CPU module bus interface module power supply module and clock module I Optical module The optic...

Page 20: ...the bus interface module Then the CPU module processes the information and sends some specific O M information to the corresponding BTRM ODU3601 V Bus interface module This module provides the conversion of interfaces between the board and the backplane and provides a path for O M information between this board and the backplane VI Clock module The clock module performs double frequency phase lock...

Page 21: ...he power connector on the backplane the interface is connected with 24V power 24V power ground and PGND 2 5 4 Indices z Power voltage 24V z Power consumption 45W z Dimensions 460mm 233 35mm Length Width 2 6 BASB 2 6 1 Overview The baseband backplane BASB is used to make interconnection of high speed data links among the boards of baseband part and exchanges various management and control informati...

Page 22: ... are for BCIMs z Sots 5 6 are for BCKMs z Slots 7 8 are for BRDMs z Slots 2 4 9 11 are for BCPMs 2 6 3 External Interfaces The interfaces between the backplane and external devices include z System power interface z Remote maintenance serial port z Environment alarm interface z Fan alarm serial port in baseband subrack z System external synchronization interface z Sixteen E1 T1 interfaces 2 6 4 In...

Page 23: ...ace DB37 BSC Interface DB25 Interface DB25 BESP BSC BCIM Level 1 protection Level 2 protection PGND Level 1 protection Level 2 protection PGND Level 1 protection Level 2 protection PGND Figure 2 7 Structure of BESP The board consists of three parts DB25 connector lightning protection unit and DB37 connector z Lightning protection unit E1 T1 lightning protection unit has two inbound lines connected...

Page 24: ...line is struck by lightning high voltage will arise first on the DB25 and then spread to the lightning protection units The lightning protection units have two protection levels air discharge tube and voltage limit mesh The air discharge tube discharges the high voltage to the ground and lowers it to 600V below Then the voltage limit mesh further lowers the voltage to 30V below 2 7 3 External Inte...

Page 25: ...e is used for installation of fan boxes whose outside is the BTS3612A Fan Block Interface Board BFIB providing a system interface The structure of BFAN is shown in Figure 2 9 3 2 5 4 6 7 8 3 2 5 4 6 7 8 1 Fan box 2 LED indicator 3 Fan enclosure 4 BFIB 5 System signal interface 6 Power input interface 7 Blind mate connector 8 BFMM Figure 2 9 Structure of BFAN 2 8 1 BFMM I Overview Built in the fan ...

Page 26: ...ion is shown in Figure 2 10 Main control unit Power supply module Temperature collection module Communication module Fan in position fault detection module Fan drive module Switch value alarm module Indicator drive module Figure 2 10 Functions of BFMM z Power supply module The power supply module converts 24V input power into the voltage required by various modules of local board z Main Control Un...

Page 27: ...block to drive the LED indicator on the fan block front panel III External interface z Power interface The interface is used to lead in working power for the BFMM z Communication serial port Serial port communication ports 0 and 1 provide access for system active standby serial port When the system has only one serial port only port 0 is used z LED indicator driving output interface This is the dr...

Page 28: ...EX connector 2 Large 3PIN power socket 3 DB 15 signal socket Figure 2 11 Illustration of BFIB structure III External interface z Fan box electrical interface Power supply ports and serial port communication ports are provided for the fan boxes through MOLEX connectors z System power supply interface The interface leads in the system power through big 3 pin connectors z System serial communication ...

Page 29: ... BTS High Power Amplifier Unit CDU Combining Duplexer Unit RLDU Receive LNA Distribution Unit Figure 3 1 Structure of RF subsystem Note The above figure illustrates the duplexer configuration for 800MHz band For 800MHz band the duplexer can also be DDU For 450MHz band the duplexer can be DFU DDU or CDU For 1900MHz band the duplexer can be DDU or CDU The RF subsystem is connected with the BCIM of t...

Page 30: ...s one of the RF front end modules z DDU Complete the isolation and duplex filtering of two receiving transmitting signals It is one of the RF front end modules and is not equipped with the combiner function z CDU Complete the combination and wave filtering of two transmitting signals duplex isolation of main transmitting and receiving signals and the wave filtering of diversity receiving signal It...

Page 31: ...ultiplexer optical interface clock CPU and power supply sub unit It is in charge of the conversion between the analog intermediate frequency signal and the digital baseband signal and the control of the BTRM The functions of each sub unit are as below z Up converter The up converter accomplishes the wave filtering digital up conversion and digital analog conversion of the signals in the transmit p...

Page 32: ...o bts Transceiver Module in the lower level SoftSite z Clock The clock generates all the clock signals needed by the BIFU which include the clocks for up down conversion analog digital conversion ADC and digital analog conversion DAC as well as other working clocks It also provides the reference clock for the BRCM z CPU The CPU is in charge of the control of BTRM which includes the initialization ...

Page 33: ... in transmit path The transmit RF synthesizer generates the local oscillator signals for the up conversion of the transmit path The receive RF synthesizer generates the local oscillator signals for the down conversion of main diversity receive path 3 2 3 External Interfaces There are interfaces between the BTRM and the BHPA RLDU BRDM PSU The descriptions of each interface are given as below z RF i...

Page 34: ...tion The BHPA performs power amplification for the RF modulation signals from BTRM z Over temperature alarm When the temperature of power amplifier base board exceeds a specified threshold the BBFM will process the over temperature alarm signal generated by HPAU and report it to BTRM z Over excited alarm When the power level of BHPA input RF signal exceeds a specified threshold the BBFM will proce...

Page 35: ...monitors the power amplifier status and generates over temperature alarm over excited alarm and gain decrease alarm signals when necessary The alarm signals will be sent to BBFM where they will be processed and reported to BTRB The coupler is used to couple the RF output signals to the sampling port for test purpose The output power of HPAU can be adjusted by controlling the RF output signal of BT...

Page 36: ...BTRM The 24V power is supplied with the BTS Direct Current Switch box BDCS z Alarm interface Interface with BTRM Fan alarm signals and power amplifier alarm signals are sent via BTRB to BTRM 3 3 4 Indices z Supported frequency band 450MHz 800MHz and 1900MHz z Power supply 24V z Power consumption 380W z Dimensions 460mm 233 5mm 64mm Length Width Depth 3 4 BTRB 3 4 1 Overview The BTS3612A TRx Backpl...

Page 37: ...ty input output RF signal of BTRM and 24V DC power signal needed by BTRM II BHPA 24W7 D type combination blind mate connector Each 24W7 D type combination blind mate connector includes two coaxial contacts transferring BHPA input output RF signals two high current power contacts transferring 24V power supply and PGND signals one set of RS485 signal contacts and a group of contacts for temperature ...

Page 38: ...tering the transmitting signals so as to suppress BTS spurious emissions z Filtering the receiving signals so as to suppress the interference from outside the receive band Key internal parts of CDU include isolator 2 in 1 combiner duplexer filter and directional coupler 3 5 2 Structure and Principle CDU structure is as shown in Figure 3 5 N D SUB S D N Type SMA Type LPF LPF BPF DUPLEXER COUPLER FI...

Page 39: ...upler couples forward reverse power to RLDU and monitors the antenna VSWR 3 5 3 External Interfaces The CDU is a module shared by the transmit and receive paths of the BTS Therefore it has interfaces with other modules both in the transmitting and in the receiving paths Its external interfaces include a set of 8W8 D type combination blind mate connectors on the backside and a set of N connectors a...

Page 40: ...8mm Length Width Depth 3 6 DFU 3 6 1 Overview The Duplexer Filter Unit DFU accomplishes the following functions z Isolating and filtering the transmitting and receiving signals for the single carrier z Filtering the diversity receiving signals so as to suppress out band interference Key parts of DFU include low pass filter duplexer filter and directional coupler 3 6 2 Structure and Principle The D...

Page 41: ...d mate connectors on the backside and a set of N connectors and SMA connectors on the front side The interface signals include z The signals between DFU and BHPA which are transferred through the blind mate connectors on the backside z BTS transmitting signals which are transferred to the cabinet bottom antenna interface through the RF cable connected with the N connector at the front side of the ...

Page 42: ... Key components within DDU include low pass filter duplexer directional coupler and BIAS T DC supply unit for TMA which is optional 3 7 2 Structure and Principle There are two types of DDU type A with the BIAS T type B without the BIAS T Type A can be selected to feeder DC to the TMA which may be used when the BTS operates at 1900MHz band The DDU with the BIAS T structure is shown in Figure 3 7 N ...

Page 43: ...th other modules both in the transmitting and receiving paths Its external interfaces include a set of 8W8 DB combination blind mate connectors on the back and a set of N connectors and the SMA connectors in the front The interface signals include z Signals between transmit input port and the BHPA interface They are transmitted through the blind mate connectors on the back z Transmitting signals w...

Page 44: ...iversity receiving signals z Built in electronic RF switch supporting multiple BTS configurations 3 sectors or 6 sectors z Antenna VSWR monitoring and alarming BTS forward RF power detecting LNA running status monitoring and alarming 3 8 2 Structure and Principle The RLDU structure is shown in Figure 3 8 VSWR check processing VSWR and power check LNA module Switch distribution module DC IN PWR S W...

Page 45: ...ward reverse power coupling signals from the CDU or the DFU or the DDU are processed in the antenna VSWR monitoring circuit inside the RLDU When the VSWR of transmitting antenna exceeds a specified threshold alarm will occur At the same time the RLDU also converts transmit coupling power signal into DC level signal through its RF power detecting circuits Through this DC level signal any exception ...

Page 46: ...he BBFL 3 9 1 BBFM I Overview The BTS BTRM FAN Monitor BBFM collects and analyzes the temperature information of BHPA module and adjusts the fan speed in realtime to lower the system noise so as to prolong equipment service life and improve the external performance of the overall system on the premise that the system works in a safe thermal status The Pulse Wide Modulation PWM control signal regar...

Page 47: ... indicator driving alarm signal isolation circuit Temperature collection Serial port BBFM BHPA External temperature collection Fan cover BTRM Figure 3 10 Structure of BBFM module z MCU module The MCU module implements the following functions Collect and analyze the temperature information to generate PWM signals for controlling the fan speed Receive alarm signals generated by the BHPA module and f...

Page 48: ...upply module The input power of the BFMM is 24V and power consumption is 3 5W excluding power for the fans III External interfaces z BHPA interface Interface with the BHPA module used for the BHPA alarm monitoring z Serial communication interface Interface used to report the alarm of the fans and the BHPA module z Interface with the fan cover Including fan alarm signal panel indicator and fan powe...

Page 49: ...terface module It is a 4pin ordinary socket connector connected with the Fan 1 including power supply input port and fan alarm output port z Fan 2 interface module It is a 4pin ordinary socket connector connected with the Fan 2 including power supply input port and fan alarm output port z Fan cover port interface module It is connected with the fan cover of the BBFM III Panel indicators LED1 BTRM ...

Page 50: ...tion for the CDMA system 4 2 RF Antenna Feeder The RF antenna feeder of the BTS is composed of antenna jumper from antenna to feeder feeder and the jumper from feeder to cabinet bottom as shown in Figure 4 1 Sector α Sector β Antenna Feeder Jumper Jumper BTS cabinet Sector γ Figure 4 1 Structure of RF antenna feeder 4 2 1 Antenna Antenna is the end point of transmitting and start point of receivin...

Page 51: ...he isolation is above 30dB for both the 45o and 45o antennae The adoption of the bi polarization antenna can save antennae as one bi polarization antenna can replace two sets of independent uni polarization antennae Normally bi polarization directional antenna is used in directional cell Compared with the uni polarization directional antenna the bi polarization directional antenna is cost effectiv...

Page 52: ...ared based on the actual length of feeders Three grounding cable clips for lightning protection should be applied at the tower top or building roof feeder middle and the end close to the cabinet bottom If the feeder is excessively long additional cable clips should be applied evenly in the middle Since 7 8 inch and 5 4 inch feeders should not be bent the tower top or building roof antenna and the ...

Page 53: ... improving the conversation quality Usually the triplex TA is configured It is installed close to the antenna This type of TA consists of triplex filter low noise amplifier and feeder The triplex filter is actually the combination of two duplex filters The signal from the antenna is first filtered off the external interference at the triplex filter and then is amplified by the low noise amplifier ...

Page 54: ...ed as needed Figure 4 2 shows the structure BTS cabinet Antenna Feeder Jumper Jumper Lightning arrester Figure 4 2 Structure of satellite synchronization antenna feeder Note When the length of the feeder is within 100m use the 1 2 feeder which can be directly connected to the antenna and lightning arrester without any jumper When the length of the feeder exceeds 100m use the 7 8 feeder In this cas...

Page 55: ...e GLONASS is a global satellite navigation system developed by the former Soviet Union and inherited by Russia With 24 satellites distributed on 3 orbits it has a structure similar to the GPS but a smaller coverage III Application of GPS and GLONASS in CDMA BTS The BTS3612A supports GPS GLONASS satellite system synchronization mode providing two synchronization solutions GPS or GPS GLONASS as requ...

Page 56: ...d be applied at the tower top or building roof feeder middle and the end close to the cabinet bottom If the feeder is excessively long additional cable clips are needed Since the 7 8 inch feeder should not be bent the tower top or building roof antenna and the feeder the cabinet and the feeder should be connected via jumpers The jumpers provided by Huawei are 1 2 inch 3 5m long with 7 16DIN connec...

Page 57: ...arrier correlator where signal detection code correlation carrier tracking and filtering are performed The processed signal is synchronized and sent to the positioning Micro Processing Unit MPU which controls the operational mode and decoding of the GPS receiver processes satellite data measures pseudo distance and pseudo distance increment so as to figure out the position speed and time The recei...

Page 58: ...o n equipment Heat exchanger fan Lamp 48VDC Air conditioner heat exchanger Figure 5 1 Functional structure of the power environment monitoring subsystem The subsystem provides functions of power distribution and environment monitoring including temperature control The power distribution part includes the AC distribution unit PSUAD DC the DC distribution unit PSUDC DC PMU and the battery subrack or...

Page 59: ...ribution path is protected with an air switch at the input end Detailed distribution paths are shown in Figure 5 2 Lightning arrester 220VAC Air switch A N B N C N 63A 63A Voltage regulator Air conditioner heat exchanger 32A PSUAC DC Reserved 10A AC distribution unit A N B N 24V DC N A C N 24V DC PSU EMI filter AC DC C B Figure 5 2 Distribution of three phase 220V AC The air switch lightning prote...

Page 60: ...uld be configured The rest configuration is the same with the distribution of three phase 220V AC IV Distribution of single phase 110V AC If the single phase 110V AC is used for the BTS3612A a wiring terminal for phase conversion should be equipped before the air switch to convert the single phase power into three phase power The rest configuration is the same with the distribution of three phase ...

Page 61: ...xternal circulation fans in the heat exchanger II Distribution of 24V DC Figure 5 5 illustrates how the 48V DC is converted into 24V DC and then distributed The 48V DC is output to the 48V DC power input busbar on the backplane of the PSUDC DC subrack The PSUDC DC converts the power and outputs multiple 24V DC supplies to the output busbar Then the power is sent to the distribution busbar of the D...

Page 62: ...nt DC DC converter and a power monitor The former converts the 48V DC into 24V DC the later detects status of the PSUDC DC and reports alarms III Batteries Note Batteries are optional When the local mains supply fails batteries can maintain the normal operation of the BTS for a period of time A built in battery subrack and an auxiliary battery cabinet are available to satisfy different requirement...

Page 63: ...r Water sensor Power control battery management Environment monitoring PMU 7 reserved boolean value Air switch fuse detector PSU 220 110VAC PSU Current measurement Temp measurement Protector Battery To BCKM of baseband subsystem 48V Busbar RS485 TCU Temperature control Figure 5 6 Monitoring system of BTS3612A I Monitoring functions of PMU The PMU monitors on a real time basis control value signals...

Page 64: ... control The BTS3612A is an outdoor BTS with a sealed structure When it operates in a high temperature environment the heat generated by the devices may quickly raise the temperature inside the cabinet To keep the temperature inside within a normal range in the extreme either high or low temperature environment an air conditioner or heat exchanger can be installed in the cabinet The equipped air c...

Page 65: ...ill start its heating plates and internal fans to heat the BTS When the temperature is too high the air conditioner will activate the cooling function to lower the temperature to a normal degree V Heat exchanger A heat exchanger can also be used instead of the air conditioner to control the temperature inside the cabinet The heat exchanger has high low temperature alarm circuits When the temperatu...

Page 66: ...s that might endanger human beings and the equipment II Equipment Grounding The purpose of equipment grounding is to provide the equipment with the capability of protecting against external electromagnetism interference and to ensure the safety of human beings and the equipment The key of lightning protection is grounding because a fine grounding can provide the equipment with a low resistance lig...

Page 67: ...er is used at the AC input port as the first level of lighting protection measures This parallel lightning protection can effectively prevent the BTS3612A from the damage of lightning stroke This protection function z Adopts symmetric compound circuits applicable to the power supply environment with poor electric network quality z Adopts temperature controlled circuit breaking technology with embe...

Page 68: ...the normal performance of BTS lightning protection system I Lightning protection for RF antenna feeder The lightning protection function for the antenna feeder protects the equipment against secondary lightning attack i e the inductive lightning Inductive lightning means that the feeder receives inductive current upon a lightning attack which may cause damage to the equipment Inductive lightning c...

Page 69: ...pment 6 3 1 Internal Grounding of Cabinet Grounding terminals are installed at the cable outlet port the bottom and the door of the cabinet Busbars are installed in the main cabinet with common grounding cables Various equipment connects to the grounding system of the cabinet using the grounding cables Various metal components of the BTS3612A are of high electric conductivity and no insulation pai...

Page 70: ...e grounding cables The grounding bar of the transmission equipment is well connected to the mechanical parts of the cabinet and the contact resistance is less than 50mΩ 6 3 5 Grounding of Overhead E1 T1 and HDSL Cables Metal sheath grounding clamp for dedicated E1 T1 and HDSL overhead cables shall be used for transmission lightning protection equipment Necessary grounding measures shall be taken b...

Page 71: ...the IQ data exchange between the BRDM and various BCPMs are electrical Gbit Ethernet buses z The physical links for the IQ data exchange between the BRDM and various BTRMs are optical Gbit Ethernet buses The baseband signals including the Abis traffic signal Abis signaling message and O M signal are processed by the BTRM and converted into RF signals before the transmission In the reverse directio...

Page 72: ...RLDU BHPA RLDU BHPA DDU RLDU BHPA Gbit Ethernet Optical Interface Antenna Feeder Antenna Feeder Satellite Receiver Antenna Feeder BCPM BCPM BCPM 1PPS UTC 2S 10MHz 2S 25MHz BCIM 25MHz 100 1 228MHz BTRM BTRM BTRM BTRM BRDM BSC BAM E1 T1 Abis signaling OAM Abis traffic 16 1 228MHz BCPM Abis signaling signal OAM Signal Abis traffic signal RF singal Clock Signal Figure 7 1 BTS signal flows ...

Page 73: ...and signals over the optical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BTRM 4 The BTRM performs demultiplexing up conversion and wave filtering on the received baseband signals and sends them to the BHPA 5 The BHPA amplifies the signals and forwards them to the DDU from where the signals will be transmitted by the antenna II Reverse In the reverse direction the signals are handled in the reverse order 1 Thro...

Page 74: ...aseband signals over the optical Gbit Ethernet interface to the BTRM 4 The BTRM performs demultiplexing up conversion and wave filtering on the received baseband signals and sends them to the BHPA 5 The BHPA amplifies the signals and forwards them to the DDU from where the signals are transmitted by the antenna II Reverse In the reverse direction the signals are handled in the reverse order 1 Thro...

Page 75: ...S signal 25MHz signal and 16 1 228MHz signal to the clock bus The boards in the BTS obtain the required clock signals from the clock bus z The BCIM gets the 25MHz clock signal from the clock bus which will be processed by the clock unit of the BCIM to produce other desired clock signals z The BRDM gets the 2S signal 25MHz signal and 16 1 228MHz signal from the clock bus which will be processed by ...

Page 76: ...nce z Use the trunk cables as few as possible z Use the antennae as few as possible z Use the cabinets as few as possible The conformance to the above rules can facilitate the installation and expansion of BTS 8 2 Configuration of Main Equipment 8 2 1 Configuration of Baseband Boards The baseband boards include BCIM BCPM BRDM and BCKM The baseband subrack in full configuration is shown in Figure 8...

Page 77: ...to the BTS II BCPM At most 6 BCPMs can be configured in the baseband subrack There are two types of BCPMs z The processing capability of type A BCPM is 64 reverse channels and 128 forward channels z The processing capability of type B BCPM is 128 reverse channels and 256 forward channels BCPMs are configured based on the channel processing capability required by the system with consideration of BT...

Page 78: ...connected with three ODU3601Cs in star networking Table 8 2 Configuration of BRDM Cabinet configuration Connected with ODU3601C Configuration of BRDM Yes One multi mode BRDM and one single mode BRDM Single cabinet configuration No One multi mode BRDM Yes One multi mode BRDM and one single mode BRDM The number of carrier configured for a combined cabinet does not exceed 6 Combined cabinet configura...

Page 79: ... for the upper and lower carrier subracks to provide maximum 6 sector carriers with maximum 3 sectors The modules are numbered as shown in Figure 8 2 II RLDU configuration RLDU is configured in the carrier subrack In the case of full configuration two RLDUs are present When two sectors are configured per cabinet that is in the case of S 1 1 or S 2 2 configuration one RLDU will suffice When three s...

Page 80: ...U and only in the bottom Based on the specific frequency of CDU actual implementation conditions should also be considered when configuring the BTRMs and BHPAs 8 2 3 Configuration of Power Modules The BTS3612A supports the 110V AC and 220V AC power inputs The PSUAC DC completes the conversion from 110V AC or 220V AC to 48V DC while the PSUDC DC completes the conversion from 48V DC to 24V DC I PSUA...

Page 81: ...ry group can maintain the normal operation of the BTS in S 2 2 2 configuration with nine PSUAC DC modules and three PSUDC DC modules for four hours 8 3 2 Temperature Control Device Either an air conditioner or a heat exchanger can be used for the temperature control and the configuration principle is as below When an air conditioner is adopted the operational environment temperature can be 40 55o ...

Page 82: ...all be configured for the RF antenna and feeder When the BTS works in 450MHz band or 800MHz band the tower top amplifier and lightening arrester need not to be configured II GPS GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder Normally one set of GPS GLONASS synchronization antenna and feeder is configured for one BTS3612A However when two BCKMs are configured for BTS3612A for the purpose of higher syst...

Page 83: ...y connected with BSC via E1 T1 trunk line The star networking is simple and allows convenient maintenance and engineering Because the signals go through a few sections of links the line is more reliable and future expansion is easier III Disavantage Compared with other networking modes star networking requires the largest number of transmission lines IV Implementation The internal network of Huawe...

Page 84: ...n networking mode the line reliability is poor The failure of upper level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower level BTS Maximum three level cascading is allowed That is the nodes cascaded should not exceed 3 IV Implementation Chain networking is realized through the transmission trunk function of the BTS The transmission trunk is essentially Virtual Path VP switching One BTS can be config...

Page 85: ...1 BTS BTS E1 E1 Figure 8 5 BTS tree networking II Advantage In the tree networking mode less transmission lines are needed than in the star networking mode III Disavantage In this mode because signals go through many sections of links the line reliability is low and engineering and maintenance are difficult The failure of upper level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower level BTS Expansion...

Page 86: ... be reduced III Disavantage The capacity of BTS cannot be too large due to the restriction of transmission resource If the actual BTS capacity is more than what the transmission resource can support the call connected ratio will be affected The failure of upper level BTS may affect the normal operation of lower level BTS Expansion is not easy and may cause substantial network reconstruction IV Imp...

Page 87: ...onfigurations 8 6 1 Overview The BTS3612A support 450MHz band 800MHz band and 1900MHz band the typical configurations for 450MHz band are listed as below Without diversity transmission and the configurations for 800MHz band and 1900MHz band is similar to the configurations for 450MHz band I Single cabinet configuration z Omni cell 1 2 carriers DFU or DDU adopted z 3 sectors 1 carrier per sector DF...

Page 88: ...SUDC DC modules 9 PSUAC DC modules z RF antennas 2 uni polarization directional antennas or 1 bi polarization directional antenna for each sector z RF modules The configuration of the RF modules is shown in Figure 8 6 and the logic connection of RF modules of one sector is shown in Figure 8 7 DDU0 DDU1 DDU2 B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B...

Page 89: ... A_Rm2 A_Rm3 B_Rm1 A_Rm4 B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3 B_Rd1 A_Rd4 B_Rd2 RLDU TRXM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd TRXM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd TX1_IN TX2_IN Main_ ANT Div _ ANT Main_RX_OUT Div _RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT DDU TX1_IN TX2_IN Main_ ANT Div _ ANT Main_RX_OUT Div _RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT DDU TX1_IN TX2_IN Main_ ANT Div _ ANT Main_RX_OUT Div _RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCP...

Page 90: ...1 CDU2 B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Sector A Sector A Sector C Sector A Sector C f1 f2 f3 f4 f3 f4 CDU0 CDU1 CDU2 B H P A 1 B T R M 1 B H P A 3 B T R M 3 B H P A 5 B T R M 5 R L D U 1 B H P A 0 B T R M 0 B H P A 2 B T R M 2 B H P A 4 B T R M 4 R L D U 0 Sector B Sector C Sector B Sector C...

Page 91: ... RLDU TRXM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd TRXM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd TX1_IN TX2_IN Main_ ANT Div _ ANT Main_RX_OUT Div _RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT CDU HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT HPAU PA_IN PA_OUT A_Main_RX_IN A_Div _RX_IN A_FWDCPL_IN A_REVCPL_IN B_Main_RX_IN B_Div _RX_IN B_FWDCPL_IN B_REVCPL_IN A_Rm1 A_Rm2 A_Rm3 B_Rm1 A_Rm4 B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3 B_Rd1 A_Rd4 B_Rd2 RLDU TRXM TX_RFm...

Page 92: ...B_Rm1 A_Rm4 B_Rm2 A_Rd1 A_Rd2 A_Rd3 B_Rd1 A_Rd4 B_Rd2 RLDU TX1_IN TX2_IN Main_ ANT Div _ ANT Main_RX_OUT Div _RX_OUT FWDCPL_OUT REVCPL_OUT CDU BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BHPA PA_IN PA_OUT BTRM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd BTRM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd BTRM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd BTRM TX_RFm RX_RFm RX_RFd BRCM BIFM TX_RFd Figure 8 10 L...

Page 93: ...A 1 2 Access Probe Acquisition The access probe failure ratio under the reliability of 90 is below the maximum values listed in Table A 1 Table A 1 Access probe failure ratio Eb N0 Per RF input point dB Maximum failure rate 5 5 50 6 5 10 A 1 3 R TCH Demodulation Performance I Performance of R TCH in Additive White Gaussian Noise AWGN The demodulation performance of the Reverse Traffic Channel in A...

Page 94: ...m FER of F FCH or R DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC2 FER limits Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 14400 5 0 3 2dB 0 2 3 8dB 7200 6 3 3 2dB 0 7 3 2dB 3600 5 8 3 2dB 1 0 3 2dB 1800 3 5 3 2dB 1 0 3 2dB Table A 4 Maximum FER of F FCH or R DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3 FER limit Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 9600...

Page 95: ...dB 0 9 1 2 dB 38400 24 0 1 dB 0 3 0 5 dB 76800 30 0 5 dB 0 2 0 1 dB 153600 60 0 9 dB 0 1 0 3 dB 307200 90 0 3 dB 0 1 0 3 dB Table A 7 Maximum FER of F FCH or R DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC4 FER limit Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 14400 2 4 0 8 dB 0 3 1 4 dB 7200 2 4 3 1 dB 0 4 3 7 dB 3600 1 7 4 6 dB 0 3 5 2 dB 1800 1 6 6 6 dB 0 5 7 2 dB Table A 8 Ma...

Page 96: ...dence the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear interpolation on a log10 FER scale between the two values given in Table A 13 and Table A 14 The test value of Eb N0 assumes the average value of Eb N0 in two RF input ports During the test the reverse service channel Eb N0 of each RF input port adopted is within the limits specified in Table A 12 The configurations of standard...

Page 97: ...ble A 12 Eb N0 limits of R TCH without closed loop power control Eb N0 Limits dB Rate aggregation Condition Lower limit Upper limit B 11 1 11 7 C 11 2 11 8 D 8 8 9 4 RC1 D2 9 2 9 8 B 10 7 11 3 D 8 5 9 1 RC2 D2 8 9 9 5 Table A 13 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R FCH or R DCCH receiver under RC1 FER limits Case Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 9600 1 3 0 8 4800 1 ...

Page 98: ... 14400 1 3 0 8 7200 1 0 0 5 3600 0 7 0 4 B 1800 0 6 0 5 14400 1 7 0 6 7200 1 6 0 6 3600 1 5 0 9 D 1800 2 2 1 2 14400 0 9 0 3 7200 0 9 0 4 3600 1 1 0 6 D2 1800 1 5 0 9 III Performance in multipath fading with Closed Loop power control The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath fading environment is determined by the frame error rate FER at specified Eb N0 valu...

Page 99: ...r under RC1 FER limits Condition Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 9600 2 8 5 9 dB 0 3 6 5 dB 4800 7 6 5 9 dB 2 2 6 5 dB 2400 23 0 5 9 dB 12 0 6 5 dB B 1200 22 0 5 9 dB 14 0 6 5 dB 9600 1 5 7 1 dB 0 7 7 7 dB 4800 8 0 7 1 dB 4 8 7 7 dB 2400 18 0 7 1 dB 13 0 7 7 dB C 1200 16 0 7 1 dB 12 0 7 7 dB Table A 17 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R FCH receiver under RC2 FER...

Page 100: ... 5 4 5 dB 4800 2 0 4 9 dB 0 5 5 5 dB 2700 1 8 6 1 dB 0 5 6 7 dB B 1500 1 7 7 8 dB 0 5 8 4 dB 9600 20 ms 1 5 5 2 dB 0 6 5 8 dB 4800 1 5 6 1 dB 0 6 6 7 dB 2700 1 4 7 2 dB 0 6 7 8 dB C 1500 1 4 8 8 dB 0 6 9 4 dB 9600 20 ms 2 0 4 7 dB 0 5 5 3 dB 4800 2 0 5 7 dB 0 5 6 3 dB 2700 1 8 6 9 dB 0 5 7 5 dB D 1500 1 7 8 5 dB 0 5 9 1 dB Table A 19 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R SCH Turbo Code...

Page 101: ...B 2 5 2 7 dB Table A 21 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R FCH or R DCCH receiver under RC4 FER limits Case Data rate bit s Lower limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 14400 2 2 3 2 dB 0 4 3 8 dB 7200 1 9 3 9 dB 0 4 4 5 dB 3600 1 9 5 1 dB 0 5 5 7 dB A 1800 1 8 7 0 dB 0 5 7 6 dB 14400 2 0 3 8 dB 0 4 4 4 dB 7200 2 0 4 3 dB 0 5 4 9 dB 3600 1 8 5 6 dB 0 5 6 2 dB B 1800 1 8 7 5 dB 0 5 8 1 dB 144...

Page 102: ...limit Eb N0 Upper limit Eb N0 230400 10 1 1 dB 2 0 1 7 dB 115200 10 1 0 dB 1 5 1 7 dB 57600 11 1 5 dB 1 8 2 1 dB B 28800 10 2 1 dB 2 0 2 7 dB A 1 4 Receiving Performance I Sensitivity z 450MHz band and 1900MHz band The R TCH FER shall be 1 0 with 95 confidence when 126dBm 1 23MHz CDMA RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports z 800MHz band The R TCH FER shall be 1 0 wit...

Page 103: ...rference deviates from the center frequency 900kHz and 900kHz the input single tone interference power is 87dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator When R TCH FER maintains 1 5 the output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is single tone interference or not z 1900MHz band Input the single tone interference deviated from the center frequenc...

Page 104: ...nfidence A 1 5 Limitations on Emissions I Conducted spurious emissions At BTS RF input port the conducted spurious emissions within the BTS receiving frequency range is 80dBm 30kHz At BTS RF input port the conducted spurious emissions within the transmitting frequency range is 60dBm 30kHz At BTS RF input port the conducted spurious emissions within other frequency range of 0 6GHz is 47dBm 30kHz II...

Page 105: ...nts I Frequency coverage z 450MHz band 460 470MHz z 800MHz band 869 894MHz z 1900MHz band 1930 1990MHz II Frequency tolerance Within the working temperature range the average difference between the actual carrier frequency of CDMA transmit sector and the carrier frequency of the dedicated transmit sector is less than 5 10 8 0 05ppm of the designated frequency A 2 2 Modulation Requirements I Synchr...

Page 106: ...ficient ρ shall be greater than 0 912 excess power 0 4 dB A 2 3 RF Output Power I Total power Total power is the mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the transmitter The total power of this system is 43dBm 20W the deviation in all kinds of environmental conditions shall not exceed 2dB and 4dB II Pilot power The Pilot Channel power to total power rat...

Page 107: ...0 MHz ITU Class A Requirement 13 dBm 1 kHz 13 dBm 10 kHz 13 dBm 100 kHz 13 dBm 1 MHz 9 kHz f 150 kHz 150 kHz f 30 MHz 30 MHz f 1 GHz 1 GHz f 5 GHz 4 00 MHz ITU Class B Requirement 36 dBm 1 kHz 36 dBm 10 kHz 36 dBm 100 kHz 30 dBm 1 MHz 9 kHz f 150 kHz 150 kHz f 30 MHz 30 MHz f 1 GHz 1 GHz f 12 5 GHz Table A 26 Conducted Spurious Emissions Performance 1900MHz band Offset from carrier central frequen...

Page 108: ...Manual Airbridge BTS3612A CDMA Base Station System Principle Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter A 16 II Radiated spurious emissions The performance is in compliant with local radio specifications ...

Page 109: ...I EN 300 386 V1 2 1 2000 03 They are described in two aspects ElectroMagnetic Interference EMI and ElectroMagnetic Sensitivity EMS B 1 EMI Performance I Conductive Emission CE at DC input output port CE indices are listed in Table B 1 Table B 1 CE indices at 48V port Threshold dB µV Frequency range Average Quasi peak 0 15 0 5MHz 0 5 5MHz 5 30MHz 56 46 46 50 66 56 56 60 II Radiated Emission RE RE i...

Page 110: ...mmunity is class A and the requirement for transient interference immunity is class B Requirements for voltage dips and short interruptions is shown in Table B 4 Table B 4 Voltage dips and short interruptions indices Port Test level Performance class Dip 30 Duration 10ms A Dip 60 Duration 100ms With backup power A With no backup power The communication link need not be maintained It can be re crea...

Page 111: ...d IV RF induced currents In CDMA equipment the port where a cable of more than 1 meter may be connected to including control port DC input output port and the input output port of the connection line when cabinets are combined should satisfy the requirements for RF induced currents The indices are shown in Table B 6 Table B 6 Induced currents indices Port Voltage level Performance class DC line po...

Page 112: ...al line outdoors Line line 1kV Line ground 2kV B Note The test method complies with IEC61000 4 5 11 VI Common mode fast transient pulse immunity The signal data line between CDMA cabinets and that connected with other systems such as E1 trunk line control line and cable connected to DC input output port should satisfy the requirements for fast transient pulse immunity The indices are shown in Tabl...

Page 113: ...ined for different products The existing communication link is not interrupted After the test the equipment can recover to the normal status before the test automatically without any interference of the operator Performance class C Some functions of BTS are lost temporarily during the test but they will recover to normal performance in a specific period after the test normally the shortest time ne...

Page 114: ...itions C 1 Storage Environment I Climate environment Table C 1 Requirements for climate environment Item Range Altitude ñ5000m Air pressure 70kPa 106kPa Temperature 40 70 Celsius degree Temperature change rate ñ1 Celsius degree min Relative humidity 10 100 Solar radiation ñ1120W s Thermal radiation ñ600W s Wind speed ñ30m s Rain Drippings II Biotic environment z No microorganism like fungal or mou...

Page 115: ...0 m z The density of chemically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C 3 Table C 3 Requirements for the density of chemically active substances Substance Unit Density SO2 mg m ñ0 30 H2S mg m ñ0 10 NO2 mg m ñ0 50 NH3 mg m ñ1 00 Cl2 mg m ñ0 10 HCl mg m ñ0 10 HF mg m ñ0 01 O3 mg m ñ0 05 IV Mechanical stress Table C 4 Requirements for mechanical stress Item Sub item Range Disp...

Page 116: ... Table C 5 Requirements for climate environment Item Range Altitude ñ5 000m Air pressure 70kPa 106kPa Temperature 40 70 Celsius degree Temperature change rate ñ3 Celsius degree min Relative humidity 5 100 Solar radiation ñ1 120W s Thermal radiation ñ600W s Wind speed ñ30m s II Biotic environment z No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside z Free from the attack of rodential...

Page 117: ...uirements for the density of chemically active substances Substance Unit Density SO2 mg m ñ0 30 H2S mg m ñ0 10 NO2 mg m ñ0 50 NH3 mg m ñ1 00 Cl2 mg m ñ0 10 HCl mg m ñ0 10 HF mg m ñ0 01 O3 mg m ñ0 05 IV Mechanical stress Table C 8 Requirements for mechanical stress Item Sub item Range Displacement ñ7 5mm Acceleration ñ20 0m s ñ40 0m s Sinusoidal vibration Frequency range 2 9Hz 9 200Hz 200 500Hz Acc...

Page 118: ...nvironment Table C 9 Temperature and humidity requirements Temperature Product Long term Short term Relative humidity BTS3612A 40 55 Celsius degree 40 45 Celsius degree 5 100 Note The measurement point of temperature and humidity is 2 m above the floor and 0 4 m in front of the equipment when there are no protective panels in front of or behind the cabinet Table C 10 Other climate environment requ...

Page 119: ...the density of physically active substances Substance Unit Density Suspending dust mg m ñ5 Falling dust mg m h ñ20 Sands mg m ñ300 Note Suspending dust diameter ñ75 m Falling dust 75 mñdiameterñ150 m Sands 150 mñdiameterñ1 000 m z The density of chemically active substances shall meet the requirements listed in Table C 12 Table C 12 Requirements for the density of chemically active substances Subs...

Page 120: ...equency range 2 9Hz 9 200Hz Impact response spectrum II ñ100m s Unsteady impact Static load capability 0 Note Impact response spectrum The max acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified impact excitation Impact response spectrum II refers to the semi sinusoidal impact response spectrum whose duration is 6ms Static load capability The capability of the equipment in p...

Page 121: ...efore certain sites do not require an evaluation by nature of its design It could be that the antennas are placed high enough thereby resulting in extremely low RF fields by the time it reaches areas that would be accessible to people Environmental evaluations are required for Paging and Cellular Radiotelephone Services Part 22 Subpart E and H z Non rooftop antennas height of radiation center 10m ...

Page 122: ...y electric field strength or magnetic field strength as averaged over 30 minutes for the general public and 6 minutes for trained personnel The exposure criteria are frequency dependent and a chart covering the range from 3 kHz to 100 GHz can be found in NCRP No 86 references IEEE C95 1 1991 Below are the limits Limits for Occupational Controlled Exposure Frequency Range MHz Electric Field Strengt...

Page 123: ...d other obstacles which causes reflections scattering of electromagnetic fields The maximum output power given in EIRP of a BTS is usually limited by license conditions of the network operator A rough estimation of the expected exposure in power flux density on a given point can be made with the following equation The calcualtions are based on FCC OET 65 Appendix B π 4 2 m r G W P S numeric Wherea...

Page 124: ...f the main beam The main beam however does not reach ground level until the distance from the antenna position is around 50 200 m The highest level of emission would be expected in close vicinity of the antenna and in line of sight to the antenna D 5 1 Exclusion Zones Antenna location should be designed so that the public cannot access areas where the RF radiation exceeds the levels as described a...

Page 125: ... small aperture antennas lower visual impact z Take special precautions to keep higher power antennas away from accessible areas z Keep antennas at a site as for apart as possible although this may run contrary to local zoning requirements z Take special precautions when designing co location sites where multiple antennas owned by different companies are on the same structure This applies particul...

Page 126: ...ation Layer 5 Abis Interface between BSC and BTS AC Authentication Center AC Alternating Current A D Analog Digital ADC Analog Digit Converter AGC Automatic Gain Control ANSI American National Standards Institute ARQ Automatic Repeat Request ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AUC Authentication B BAM Back Administration Module BASB BTS3606 Baseband Backplane BBFL BTS BTRM FAN Lamp Module BBFM BTS BTRM...

Page 127: ...o Up Down Converter Module BRDM BTS Resource Distribution Module BRFM BTS RF Fan Module BS Base Station BSC Base Station Controller BSS Base Station Subsystem BTEM BTS Test Module BTRM BTS Transceiver Module BTRB BTS3606 TRx Backplane BTS Base Transceiver Station C CCITT International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDU Combining Duplexer Unit CE C...

Page 128: ...ic Discharge ETS European Telecommunication Standards ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute F FA Foreign Agent F APICH Forward Assistant Pilot Channel F ATDPICH Forward Transmit Diversity Assistant Pilot Channel F BCH Forward Broadcast Channel FCACH Forward Common Assignment Channel FCC Federal Communications Commission F CCCH Forward Common Control Channel FCH Fundamental Channel F ...

Page 129: ...ol HLR Home Location Register HPAU High Power Amplifier Unit HPBW Half Power Beam Width HPCM BTS High Precision Clock Module HPSK Hybrid Phase Shift Keying I ICP IMA Control Protocol ID IDentification IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IF Intermediate Frequency IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM IP Internet Protocol IPOA IP over ATM I...

Page 130: ...CPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier MCU Main Control Unit Mcps Million chips per second MM Mobility Management MMI Man Machine Interface MOC Mobile Originated Call Modem Modulator Demodulator MPU Micro Process Unit MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile Switching Center MT Mobile Terminal MTC Mobile Terminated Call MT1 Mobile Terminal 1 MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTRB Micro bts Transceiver Board MTTR Mea...

Page 131: ...ower Inspecting Board PLL Phase Locked Loop PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PMRM Power Measurement Report Message PN Pseudo Noise PP2S Pulse Per 2 Seconds PPP Peer Peer Protocol PRM Paging Response PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSU Power Supply Unit PVC Permanent Virtual Channel PVP Permanent Virtual Path PWM Pulse Width Modulation Q QIB Quality I...

Page 132: ...el R SCH Reverse Supplemental Channel RSQI Receive Signal Quality Indicator R TCH Reverse Traffic Channel S SCH Supplemental Channel SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SID System Identification SME Signaling Message Encryption SDU Selection Distribution Unit SPU Signaling Process Unit SRBP Signaling Radio Burst Protocol SSSAR Special Service Segmentation and Reassemble STM 1 Synchronization Transfe...

Page 133: ...d Amplifier TMSI Temp Mobile Subscriber Identifier TRX Transceiver U Um Interface between BTS and MS UNI User Network Interface UTC Universal Coordinated Time UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter V VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VLR Visitor Location Register VPI Virtual Path Identifier VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Radio ...

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