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Operating System

Microsoft Windows Home Server

The Windows Home Server operating system backup engine stores data at the cluster level. Clusters are
typically 4 kilobytes (KB) in size. The backup database records include clusters and hashes of these
clusters (a hash is a number that uniquely identifies a cluster based on its contents). The database also
contains information on the structure of a hard disk volume (NTFS information).

During the backup process, a cluster from one computer that is identical to a cluster from a different
computer is sent to the server exactly once and stored exactly once. Because Windows Home Server
backs up multiple computers (space) every day (time) to a single database, it in essence supports "single
instancing of computer backups across space and time."

When the cluster size is different among volumes, no data is shared between the volumes in the backup
database. By default, every newly created NTFS volume gets a cluster size of 4 KB. A few volumes that
started out as FAT and were converted to NTFS have a cluster size of 512 KB. The only way to get any
other cluster size is to format the volume yourself and explicitly request a different size.

NOTE:

NOTE: You can maximize the efficiency of the Data Vault backup database by ensuring that all of the
hard drives on your computers are formatted with NTFS and with a cluster size of 4 KB.

The backup database is a collection of files that can be broken into three categories

The backup database is a collection of files that can be broken into three categories:

Global files

Global files - Files that track the history of all computer backups and all of the other files in the
backup database.
Cluster files

Cluster files

Cluster files - Files that store the actual cluster data from the computers. These are usually in
4096 byte increments. These files grow to 4 GB in size before a new file is created. These files are
stored as Data.XXXX.Z.dat, where XXXX=cluster size in bytes, and Z=0,1,2,…
Computer specific files

Computer specific files

Computer specific files - A boot record and data for each hard drive volume that gets backed up
from each computer.

Microsoft Windows Home

Microsoft Windows Home
Server Drive Extender

Server Drive Extender

Server Drive Extender
Software

Software

Windows Home Server Drive Extender

Windows® Home Server Drive Extender enables you to use internal and external hard drives for
additional storage. In addition, you can enable Folder Duplication for specific shared folders.
Maintaining two copies of a shared folder on separate hard drives helps protect against the failure of a
single hard drive.

Features and Functionality

Features and Functionality
The core features of Windows Home Server Drive Extender are:

Predefined Shared Folders

Predefined Shared Folders: Your device is preconfigured with shared folders named Photos,
Music, Videos, Public, and Software. From the Data Vault Windows Home Server Console you
can specify user permissions for these folders and create new shared folders. You can easily move
files and folders from your local computers into the shared folders by using a drag-and-drop
operation.
Easy to add more storage

Easy to add more storage

Easy to add more storage: From the Data Vault Windows Home Server Console, you can add a
new hard drive by following a simple wizard. The amount of storage available to your shared
folders and local computer backups increases proportionally. The hard drives you add can be
either internal or external (for example, USB 2.0 or FireWire).
Shared Folder duplication

Shared Folder duplication

Shared Folder duplication: If you have two or more hard drives, the Windows Home Server

QuickSpecs

HP X500 Data Vault

Software and Hardware

DA - 13406 North America — Version 6 — June 9, 2011

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