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Hochiki Europe (UK) Ltd 

2-3-0-809/ISS4/SEP14 

 

System Design 

Engineers familiar with codes of practice for hazardous area systems should only undertake the design of 
an intrinsically safe fire detection system.  In Europe the standard is EN 50014, Electrical apparatus for 
potentially explosive atmospheres 

– General requirements.  

The fire detector performance is the same as the standard none intrinsically safe counterparts. 
Performance information given in standard product guides is therefore applicable to the intrinsically safe 
range. 

The BASEEFA certification of the intrinsically devices covers their characteristics as components of an 
intrinsically safe system.  This indicates that the flame detectors can be used with a margin of safety in 
such systems. 

In safe area (standard) applications it is some times desirable to connect the wiring as a loop, with both 
ends terminated at the control panel. In the event of an open-circuit fault it is then possible to drive both 
ends simultaneously.  In a hazardous area it is not possible to use a loop configuration because the 
potential to feed power from each end of the loop would double the available energy in the hazardous 
area and contravene the energy limitations of the intrinsically safe certification.  All circuits must therefore 
be connected as spars from the safe area or as radial connections from the control panel. 

Types of Safety Barrier 

The system configuration can for three types of safety barrier, each of which has its own advantages and 
disadvantages. A brief outline of the characteristics is given below. 

Single Channel 28V/300Ω Barrier 

This is the most basic type of barrier and therefore the lowest cost.  Being passive devices, they also 
impose the minimum of restrictions on the operation of the flame detectors.  Thus, single channel barriers 
are available either as positive or negative polarity where the polarity refers to the polarity of the applied 
voltage 

relative

 to 

earth

.  

The significance of this is that one side of the barrier must be connected to a 

high-integrity (safety) earth.

  Although this connection has no effect on the operation of the flame detector 

and is not needed for their correct operation, it may not be acceptable to the operation of the control and 
indicating equipment.  This is particularly true if the control equipment incorporates earth-leakage 
monitoring and even without this feature the earthing of the loop may cause unwanted cross-talk between 
loops. 

If the earth connection is not acceptable then the A.C. or isolating barriers should be used. 

Star-connected A.C. Barrier 

A.C. barriers are also passive devices and must still be connected to a high-integrity safety earth. 
However, they are designed to allow either positive or negative voltages with respect to earth and under 
normal conditions provide a connection to earth via a reverse-diode, rather than directly. 

The disadvantage of this type of barrier is that the end-to-end resistance is nominally 1200ohms 
compared with the 300 ohms of the single channel type.  This high resistance results in an extra voltage 
drop in the circuit.  This type of barrier is not recommended for general use 

Galvanically Isolated Barrier 

Galvanically isolated barriers (also know as transformer isolated barriers) differ from conventional shunt 
zener barriers in that they provide electrical isolation between the input (safe area) and the output 
(hazardous area).  This is achieved by the use of a D.C./D.C. converter on the input side, which is 
connected to the hazardous area through a voltage and power limiting resistor/zener combination similar 
to a conventional barrier. 

The galvanic isolation technique means that the circuit does not need a high integrity (safety) earth and 
that the intrinsically safe circuit is fully floating.

  Earth leakage problems for control and indicating 

equipment are therefore eliminated if this type of interface is used.  

Summary of Contents for IFD-E

Page 1: ...IFD E IS Intrinsically Safe Flame Detector User Manual ...

Page 2: ... storing gases solvents paints and other volatile substances Electrical equipment for use in these areas needs to be designed so that it cannot ignite an explosive mixture not only in normal operation but also in fault conditions There are a number of methods available to achieve this oil immersion pressurised apparatus and powder filling for example but the two most common used are flameproof enc...

Page 3: ... very high level of protection in which explosive atmosphere mixtures of air gases vapours or mist are present continuously for long periods 0 2 high level of protection in which explosive atmosphere mixture of air and gases vapours or mist are likely to occur 1 3 normal level of protection in which explosive atmosphere mixtures of air and gases vapours or mist are unlikely to occur and if it occu...

Page 4: ...are approved IIC for listed gases in EN 50014 Table 4 Subdivisions of Group II Gases Temperature Class Referred to ambient of 20 C to 40 C Maximum Surface Temperature T6 85 C T5 100 C T4 135 C T3 200 C T2 300 C T1 450 C Detectors approved to T4 at 40 C Table 3 Temperature Classifications Code Type of Protection Code Equipment Category ia Intrinsic safety 1 ib Intrinsic safety 2 d Flameproof 3 Thes...

Page 5: ...roduced by flames typically 1 to 15Hz The detectors ignore fixed light sources and rapidly flickering illumination predominantly produced by lighting The flame flicker techniques have the advantage of still allowing the detection of flames through a thin layer of oil water vapour ice or dust This makes these detectors particularly useful in industrial applications Full details of the principles of...

Page 6: ...ve or negative polarity where the polarity refers to the polarity of the applied voltage relative to earth The significance of this is that one side of the barrier must be connected to a high integrity safety earth Although this connection has no effect on the operation of the flame detector and is not needed for their correct operation it may not be acceptable to the operation of the control and ...

Page 7: ...Having the following or lower output parameters Max output volts Uo 30V Max output current Io 100mA Max output power Po 0 65W A number of barriers meet this specification and examples are given below Supplier Type Polarity Mounting Technique Pepperl Fuchs Ltd 77 Ripponden Road Oldham Lancashire OL2 8PF United Kingdom www pepperl fuchs com Z728 Z779 Z828 KFD0 CS Ex1 51 KFD0 CS Ex2 51 DIN rail DIN r...

Page 8: ... have zero equivalent inductance Li 0 and a 0 03 F capacitance Ci 0 03 F Gas group IIA IIB IIC Capacitance F Inductance mH L R ratio H ohm 2 15 33 6 440 0 65 12 6 165 0 083 4 2 55 Table 6 28V Barrier Maximum Permissible Stored Energy in Cables Cable Type Core Size mm Conductor resistance ohm km core Inductance mH km Capacitance µF km Sheath Resistance ohm km core to core core to sheath MICC Pyrten...

Page 9: ... bonding terminals are provided for convenience where continuity of a cable sheath or similar is required Service Repairs Servicing of IS flame detectors may be carried out only by a BASEEFA or equivalent authorised body In practical terms this means that IS flame detector may be serviced only at the manufactures factory Servicing of the fire protection system should be carried out as recommended ...

Page 10: ...tus for one minute NOTE 3 The installation must comply with national installation requirements for example to EN 60079 14 NOTE 4 The capacitance and either the inductance or the inductance to resistance L R ratio of the hazardous area cables must not exceed the maximum permissible parameters for the required groups IIA IIB and IIC NOTE 5 The cable may be separate cables or a twin pair contained in...

Page 11: ...il sales hochikieurope com Web www hochikieurope com Hochiki Europe UK Ltd reserves the right to alter the specification of its products from time to time without notice Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within this document it is not warranted or represented by Hochiki Europe UK Ltd to be a complete and up to date description Please check our ...

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