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A multimeter is a tool used for electrical measurements and diagnostics.  It is one of those 

tools you'll never regret purchasing as it has many uses on an ebike for diagnostics and 

also beyond that for more general usage around the home.  Most standard multimeters will 

have the ability to measure resistance in ohms (   ), voltage in volts (V) and current in amps 

(A).  Some also have a "diode" or  "continuity" mode useful for testing for shorts.  If an ebike 

stops working it is the go-to tool for figuring out why (and the Cycle Analyst can be a pretty 

handy tool as well!).  

JST-SM Series connectors are for smaller wires 

carrying lower currents - such as those for the throttle 

connection and Cycle Analyst.  They come in different 

sizes (number of pins in the housing) and have a male 

and female side.

JST-SM Series Connectors:

Pedelec:

Multimeter:

Pedelec stands for "pedal-electric" - it refers to 

bicycles that provide electrical assistance (via a motor) in response to the user's pedalling.  

A bicycle that is throttle controlled from the handlebars would therefore not qualify as a 

"pedelec" bicycle.

Summary of Contents for Ebike

Page 1: ...The Grin Technologies Basics Ebike Guide July 2013 Grin Technologies Ltd Prepared and Illustrated by Adam Burvill ...

Page 2: ...me electric bikes have a pedal assist system PAS instead whereby your pedaling effort is sensed and this tells the motor controller to provide a certain level of assist power The battery is where the system gets its power from Nowadays most ebike batteries are lithium batteries similar to those found in laptops but are about 10x the size The battery is usually recharged by a charger plugged into a...

Page 3: ...s have 100mm dropout width which is the industry standard for front forks and they fit in the vast majority of bikes The rear wheels have 135mm axle spacing which is standard for most bikes as well Occasionally if you want to fit a larger 7 8 or 9 speed freewheel on a rear motor then you need to space out the axle with some washers but most bike frames can be widened a few mms to accommodate this ...

Page 4: ...onsider include With a direct drive hub motor you have the capability to use the hub as an engine brake as well and have the motor to slow you down while charging up the batteries a bit in the process The amount that regenerative braking recharges the battery can t really compensate for the battery discharge over the course of an ebike trip usually about 5 10 recaptured but it is definitely useful...

Page 5: ...ottle the whole time but also removes some of the control you have over the power delivery Waterproofing We spec and design our components with waterproofing in mind and nearly all our own products cope well in rainy conditions We endeavor to make the third party products we sell as waterproof as possible but some of them might get damaged from prolonged exposure to the elements Water entry does o...

Page 6: ... and motor capable of handling the high power levels without being damaged Finally make use of the ebike simulator on our website to get a good idea of the characteristics of different setups and to help make an informed decision and don t be afraid to ask us if there s anything you need help with For the remainder of this guide we will go over some commonly used electric bike terminology and expl...

Page 7: ...ited to 35 amps A will climb a hill with more gusto than a bike with a 20A controller everything else being equal The downside is that you will drain the battery faster For example if you were drawing 10A from a 10Ah battery you would drain the battery in about an hour whereas if you were drawing 20A you would drain the battery in about half an hour If you increase to a higher amperage draw contro...

Page 8: ...cells linked together to provide a certain voltage and capacity The battery management system BMS sits between the cells and the outside world and helps to stop the cells from being damaged It typically includes protection against over charging if the voltage is too high over discharging if the cell voltage is too low over current if the current is too high during charge or discharge and short cir...

Page 9: ... whilst it will tend to operate around 36 38V for most of the discharge A 48V Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4 can be as high as 60V at the end of charging but will normally operate around 48 52V whilst discharging It should also be noted that the more you discharge a lithium battery at higher rates the shorter the total lifespan of the battery will tend to be even if you are discharging within the ...

Page 10: ... motor starts spinning fast enough to generate a voltage for the controller to interpret Sensored Vs Sensorless Shunt Shunt Resistance In order to determine the amount of current amps flowing in a circuit something called a shunt resistor is normally used In most motor controllers there is a small shunt resistor on the circuit board that we know the resistance of and by measuring the voltage drop ...

Page 11: ... an ebike stops working it is the go to tool for figuring out why and the Cycle Analyst can be a pretty handy tool as well JST SM Series connectors are for smaller wires carrying lower currents such as those for the throttle connection and Cycle Analyst They come in different sizes number of pins in the housing and have a male and female side JST SM Series Connectors Pedelec Multimeter Pedelec sta...

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