Table of Contents
7
Finite Input Capacitance ................................................................................................................ 75
Leakage Currents and Input Impedance ......................................................................................... 75
Voltage Noise and DC Measurements ............................................................................................ 76
Shunt Resistance and Capacitance ................................................................................................. 76
Hints for System and Cell Design ........................................................................................................... 77
Faraday Shield............................................................................................................................... 77
Avoid External Noise Sources ........................................................................................................ 77
Cell Cable Length and Construction ............................................................................................... 77
Lead Placement ............................................................................................................................ 78
Cell Construction .......................................................................................................................... 78
Reference Electrode ...................................................................................................................... 78
Instrument Settings ........................................................................................................................ 78
EIS Speed ...................................................................................................................................... 79
Ancillary Apparatus ....................................................................................................................... 79
Floating Operation ................................................................................................................................ 79
Chapter 11: EIS Measurement of Small Impedances ...................................................................................... 81
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 81
Why Galvanostatic Mode? ..................................................................................................................... 81
DC Errors and Four-terminal Measurements .......................................................................................... 81
What is Mutual Inductance? .................................................................................................................. 82
Avoid high frequencies .................................................................................................................. 83
Minimize the Net Magnetic Field ................................................................................................... 83
Separate the pairs .......................................................................................................................... 83
Twist the Sense Wires .................................................................................................................... 84
How Should You Hook Up Your Cell? ................................................................................................... 84
Appendix A: Reference 3000 Specifications .................................................................................................. 85
Control Amplifier .......................................................................................................................... 85
Differential Electrometer................................................................................................................ 85
Voltage Measurement .................................................................................................................... 86
Current-to-Voltage Converter ........................................................................................................ 86
Current Measurement ................................................................................................................... 86
Potentiostatic Mode ...................................................................................................................... 87
Galvanostatic Mode ...................................................................................................................... 87
Auxiliary A/D Input (see Appendix D) ............................................................................................ 87
Auxiliary D/A Output ..................................................................................................................... 87
Environmental ............................................................................................................................... 87
General ......................................................................................................................................... 88
Appendix B: Reference 3000 Cell Connectors ............................................................................................... 91
Appendix C: Misc. I/O Connector ................................................................................................................. 93
Appendix D: Auxiliary A/D Input Characteristics ............................................................................................ 95
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 95
Jumper Identification ............................................................................................................................. 95
Input Impedance Selection .................................................................................................................... 96
Bandwidth Selection ............................................................................................................................. 96
Aux A/D Specifications .......................................................................................................................... 96
Function Call to Set the Aux A/D BNC Characteristics ............................................................................ 96
Appendix E: Auxiliary Electrometer Specifications .......................................................................................... 97
DC Voltage Measurement ............................................................................................................. 97
Input Impedance ........................................................................................................................... 97
Common Mode Rejection ............................................................................................................. 97
Crosstalk ....................................................................................................................................... 97
