type of antifreeze, and the corrosion protection
is sufficient as long as the recommended con-
centration range of 30 to 67 percent (antifreeze
to water by volume) is employed.
•
If the engine is to be operated in arctic tem-
peratures, consult the nearest Freightliner
dealer or an authorized Detroit Diesel engine
dealer for information regarding availability of
special cold-weather equipment.
Mercedes-Benz
Special precautions must be taken during cold
weather. For service products to use in cold weather,
see Chapter 5 of the
MBE4000 Engine Operator’s
Manual
.
IMPORTANT: At outside temperatures below
–4°F (–20°C), a coolant preheater is recom-
mended.
1.
Periodically check the coolant mixing ratio (con-
centration of antifreeze in the coolant). Add more
if necessary. The coolant mixing ratio should
never rise above 60 percent antifreeze.
2.
Use low-viscosity lubricating oils for adequate
lubrication.
3.
At temperatures below 32°F (0°C), do not use
summer-grade (2-D) diesel fuel. To avoid fuel
problems due to paraffin separation, use winter-
grade (1-D or winterized 2-D) diesel fuel only.
WARNING
The addition of kerosene lowers the flash point
of diesel fuel. To prevent fire and risk of injuries
due to burning, do not smoke or use open flames
around fuel mixed with kerosene. Comply with all
appropriate safety regulations.
4.
When winter-grade diesel fuel is not adequate, it
is possible to mix kerosene with the diesel fuel.
Add the kerosene only when refilling the tank,
and before adding the diesel fuel.
NOTE: Engine power may drop according to the
proportion of kerosene. For this reason, never
add more than 50 percent kerosene to the fuel.
High-Altitude Operation—CAT,
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
Engines lose horsepower when operated at high alti-
tude because the air is too thin to burn as much fuel
as at sea level. This loss is about three percent for
each 1000 feet (300 m) altitude above sea level for a
naturally aspirated engine. Most turbocharged en-
gines are rated for higher altitudes than naturally as-
pirated engines.
An engine will have smoky exhaust at high altitudes
unless a lower gear is used. The engine will not de-
mand full fuel from the fuel system unless the engine
is altitude-compensated by the use of a turbocharger.
Shift gears as needed to avoid excessive exhaust
smoke.
Engine Shutdown—CAT,
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
Caterpillar
CAUTION
Stopping the engine immediately after it has been
working under load can result in overheating and
accelerated wear of the engine components. Ex-
cessive temperatures in the turbocharger center-
housing will cause oil coking problems. Follow
the procedure, outlined below, to allow the en-
gine to cool.
1.
With the vehicle stopped, apply the parking
brakes. Reduce the engine speed to low idle.
2.
Place the transmission shift lever in neutral.
NOTE: If the engine has been operating at low
loads, run it at low idle for 30 seconds before
stopping. If the engine has been operating at
highway speed or at high loads, run it at low
idle for three minutes to reduce and stabilize
internal engine temperatures before stopping.
3.
Turn off the ignition switch and shut down the
engine.
4.
After engine shutdown, fill the fuel tank.
5.
Check the crankcase oil level. Maintain the oil
level between the add and full marks on the dip-
stick.
Engines and Clutches
7.18
