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Fluke 78, User Manual

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iii

List of Tables

Table

Title

Page

1.

Symbols .............................................................................................................................

1

2.

Measurement Unit Symbols ...............................................................................................

8

3.

Pushbutton Operations ......................................................................................................

11

4.

Replacement Parts and Accessories .................................................................................

45

Summary of Contents for 78

Page 1: ... Meter Users Manual For IEC 61010 CAT II Meters Only PN 666625 November 1998 Rev 1 9 00 1998 2000 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in U S A All product names are trademarks of their respective companies ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ermocouple Adapter 6 Display 8 RPushbutton 10 Standby Sleep Mode 10 Bar Graph 12 Autorange with Floor 12 Typical Testing Applications 14 G F How to Measure Voltage 14 L How to Test Diodes 16 N AdHow to Measure Current 18 w How to Test Continuity 20 J How to Measure Resistance 22 RPM ut How to Measure RPM with the RPM80 Inductive Pickup Optional 24 ...

Page 4: ...dback Carburetor 32 C F How to Measure Temperature on a Coolant Temperature Sensor 34 How to Store Minimum and Maximum Measurements 36 How to Use the Bar Graph to Test a Throttle Position Sensor 38 How to Lock the Meter in a Measurement Range 40 Using the Holster and Flex Stand 40 Maintenance 42 Cleaning 42 Calibration 42 How to Test the Fuse 42 How to Replace the Battery or Fuse 42 Accessories an...

Page 5: ...iii List of Tables Table Title Page 1 Symbols 1 2 Measurement Unit Symbols 8 3 Pushbutton Operations 11 4 Replacement Parts and Accessories 45 ...

Page 6: ...78 Users Manual iv ...

Page 7: ...e to Check Coolant Temperature Sensor 23 10 Measuring RPM with the Optional Inductive Pickup 25 11 Checking Barometric Pressure Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor 27 12 Using AC Coupled Frequency on a Crankshaft Position Sensor 29 13 Measuring Dwell on a Conventional Ignitions 31 14 Measuring Duty Cycle on a Feedback Carburetor 33 15 Measuring the Temperature of Coolant Temperature Sensor 35 16 Usi...

Page 8: ...78 Users Manual vi 18 Holster and Flex Stand 41 19 Fuse Test 43 20 Fuse and Battery Replacement 44 21 Replacement Parts 45 ...

Page 9: ...ickups MAP BP Sensors 0 Sensors Throttle Position Sensors STARTING SYSTEM Battery Connectors Interlocks neutral safety switch Solenoids Starters A m p s D C B a r G r a p h D w e l l C o n t i n u i t y D u t y C y c l e H z M i l l i v o l t s M I N M A X O h m s R P M V o l t s A C V o l t s D C Used with Fluke 80i 410 or 80i 1010 current clamp With optional RPM 80 Inductive Pickup accessory 2 A...

Page 10: ...ectifier BODY ELECTRIC Compressor Clutch Lighting Circuits Relay and Motor Diodes Transmissions A m p s D C B a r G r a p h C o n t i n u i t y D u t y C y c l e H z M i l l i v o l t s M I N M A X O h m s R P M V o l t s A C V o l t s D C Used with Fluke 80i 410 or 80i 1010 current clamp With optional RPM 80 Inductive Pickup accessory APPLICATIONS GUIDE cont T e m p e r a t u r e D w e l l ...

Page 11: ...SISTANT PADS PHILLIPS HEAD SCREWS SAFETY INFORMATION FUSE RATING BATTERY TYPE BACK WARNING TO AVOID DAMAGE OR INJURY USE ONLY IN PROTECTED CIRCUITS WHICH CAN NOT EXCEED 4800 VOLT AMPS TO PREVENT FIRE INSTALL FUSE WITH AMP VOLT RATINGS SHOWN TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK REMOVE TEST LEADS BEFORE OPENING CASE FLUKE CORPORATION MADE IN USA U S PATENTS 4 556 867 4 532 470 F 15A 600V MIN INTERRUPT RATING 1...

Page 12: ......

Page 13: ...e s Web site at www fluke com Refer to the 78 Service Manual P N 666617 for com plete servicing information If the meter is damaged or something is missing contact the place of purchase im mediately Fluke Corporation P O Box 9090 Everett WA 98206 9090 Fluke Europe B V P O Box 1186 5602 B D Eindhoven The Netherlands Using the Meter Safely Use the meter as described in this manual Otherwise the safe...

Page 14: ...continuity Replace damaged leads Do not use the meter if it operates ab normally Protection may be impaired When in doubt have the meter serviced Do not operate the meter around explo sive gas vapor or dust Do not apply more than the rated volt age as marked on the meter between terminals or between any terminal and earth ground Before each use verify the meter s op eration by measuring a known vo...

Page 15: ...thermocouple to volt ages exceeding 30 V To avoid false readings which could lead to possible electric shock or per sonal injury replace the meter s battery as soon as the low battery indicator N appears Caution To avoid possible damage to the meter or to equipment under test Disconnect the power to the circuit un der test and discharge all high voltage capacitors before testing resistance continu...

Page 16: ...urn the meter ON The display lights for 1 second as part of a selftest routine The meter is now ready to take measurements Each switch setting has a primary AND an alternate func tion Primary functions are in white alternate functions are in yellow To toggle between a primary and alternate function hold down the push button for 2 seconds ...

Page 17: ... A C F Hz V V VOLTS AC OR AC COUPLED HZ VOLTS DC OR DC COUPLED HZ DWELL OR DUTY CYCLE RPM WITH OPTIONAL RPM 80 RESISTANCE OR CONTINUITY TEST TEMPERATURE OR DIODE TEST AMPS DC OR AC PUSHBUTTON See Table 3 RPM 2 1 mt01f eps Figure 1 Rotary Switch ...

Page 18: ...e 80BK Thermocouple Adapter allows you to use a thermocouple to measure temperature If the adapter gets lost or damaged replace the adapter with a Fluke specified part see Table 4 to ensure optimum perform ance of the thermocouple The meter measures temperature using Type K thermo couple probes This thermocouple is suitable for making surface temperature measurements from 40 C or F to 260 C 500 F ...

Page 19: ...M COM V CAT COM RPM AMPS 10 A CONTINUOUS 20 A FOR 30 SEC OR COMMON FOR RPM COMMON RETURN JACK FOR VOLTS OHMS DIODE TEST TEMPERATURE DWELL DUTY CYCLE CONTINUITY AND HZ VOLTS OHMS DIODE TEST DWELL DUTY CYCLE TEMPERATURE CONTINUITY AND HZ mt02f eps Figure 2 Input Jacks ...

Page 20: ...ck or personal injury re place the battery as soon as the battery indi cator N appears Table 2 Measurement Unit Symbols Symbol Meaning AC Alternating current or voltage DC Direct current or voltage V Volts Hz Hertz cycles second Frequency RPM1 Revolutions minute 1 RPM count spark RPM2 Revolutions minute 2 RPM counts spark q Degrees Celsius p Degrees Fahrenheit o L Number of Cylinder Percent for du...

Page 21: ... See Table 2 MEASUREMENT RANGE OR RANGE FLOOR AUTORANGE ENABLED BAR GRAPH BAR GRAPH SCALE 0 1 2 3 4 MAXIMUM READING MINIMUM READING BOTH FLASH FOR PRESENT READING BAR GRAPH POLARITY OR TRIGGER SLOPE FOR DUTY CYCLE AND DWELL CONTINUITY TEST AND DIODE TEST REPLACE BATTERY OVERLOAD CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT mt03f eps Figure 3 Display ...

Page 22: ...he meter acknowledges a 1 second press by a click and a beep The display briefly shows MAX MIN and nn Press R for 2 seconds or longer to toggle be tween the primary and alternate function of a switch setting Primary functions are labeled white secon dary functions yellow The meter acknowledges a 2 second press by a click a single beep and a double beep The display briefly shows Pushbutton operatio...

Page 23: ...minimum or present readings Toggles in and out of MIN MAX mode Toggles between dwell and duty cycle RPMtu Manually changes trigger range i e toggles between two trigger levels In MIN MAX press to display maximum minimum or present readings Toggles in and out of MIN MAX mode Toggles between 1 RPM count spark RPM1 and 2 RPM counts spark RPM2 ew Manually changes range In MIN MAX press to display maxi...

Page 24: ...h This allows you to see if a hazardous AC voltage is pres ent Some examples of digital readings and their equivalents on the bar graph are shown in Figure 4 Autorange with Floor For most applications simply select a function and make the measurement The meter autoranges to the best range for the input signal and displays a reading Most functions have more than one range see SPECIFICATIONS The ran...

Page 25: ...th the Meter 13 0 3 4 DC V 2 V AUTO 1 0 3 400 DC V 2 V 1 AUTO 0 3 40 DC V 2 V 1 AUTO 0 3 2 1 2 V DC ON 4 V RANGE 2O V DC ON 40 V RANGE 250 V DC ON 300 V RANGE OVERLOAD M 40 AUTO mt04f eps Figure 4 Interpreting the Bar Graph ...

Page 26: ...inal Turn the car lights on for 1 minute to bleed off surface charge then turn lights off 3 Touch the probes to the circuit This puts the meter in parallel with the circuit Voltage must be measured with the meter in parallel with the circuit 4 Read the voltage If you reverse the probes when measuring dc voltage the display indicates negative polarity with a minus sign The no load voltage only indi...

Page 27: ...V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 0 3 40 DC V 2 V AUTO 1 2 1 RPM 2 1 RED RELAY BLACK LIGHT CIRCUIT A fully charged battery typically shows about 12 6 V See other typical values in table below at 27 C 80 F Voltage Charge 12 60 V 100 12 45 V 75 12 30 V 50 12 15 V 25 mt05f eps Figure 5 Measuring No Load Voltage of Battery ...

Page 28: ...L and press R for 2 seconds The meter toggles to the diode test function and w is displayed on the LCD 3 Touch the red probe to the positive side of the diode and the black probe to the negative side The meter displays voltage to approximately 2 5 V Typical voltage drop for a silicon diode is less than 0 7 V and causes the meter to beep 4 Reverse the probes and measure the voltage across the diode...

Page 29: ...test Press the pushbutton for 2 seconds to toggle to the diode test function Touch the red test probe to a diode contact and touch the black to ground Typical voltage drop is 0 5 0 8 V and causes the meter to beep Some diodes may drop 0 3 V Reverse the probes If the diode is Good the display shows OL Shorted the display shows near 0 in both directions Open the display shows OL in both directions R...

Page 30: ... specified replacement fuses Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor To measure current 1 Turn off power to the circuit and break the circuit To measure current without breaking the circuit use a current clamp 2 Insert the test leads into the 10 A and COM jacks 3 Turn the rotary switch to N To toggle to a press R for 2 seconds 4 Clip the red test lead to the side closest to the power ...

Page 31: ...ases might be present Caution Do not crank the engine or operate accessories that draw more than 10 A You could blow the fuse in the meter Note Many computers draw 10 mA or more continuously Insert test leads in the jacks shown Turn the rotary switch to dc amps Disconnect battery terminal and touch probes as shown Isolate circuit causing current drain by pulling out one fuse at a time while readin...

Page 32: ... as little as 1 ms This is valuable when troubleshooting intermittents asso ciated with cables connectors switches relays etc To check continuity 1 Turn off power to the circuit 2 Insert the test leads into the w and COM jacks 3 Turn the rotary switch to w 4 Press R for 2 seconds The meter toggles to the continuity test function and w is displayed 5 Touch the probes to the circuit Continuity exist...

Page 33: ... PEDAL TYPICAL STOPLIGHT SWITCH BRAKE PEDAL PIVOT POINT Press for 2 seconds RED BLACK FEMALE CONNECTOR 1 2 3 4 5 Insert test leads in the jacks shown Turn rotary switch to continuity test Press pushbutton for 2 secs is displayed Clip leads to switch as shown Press brake pedal and listen for tone If tone sounds stoplight switch is good mt08f eps Figure 8 Testing Continuity in a Switch ...

Page 34: ...the Ω and COM jacks 2 Turn the rotary switch to Ω 3 Touch the probes to the circuit Make sure that you have a good contact between the probes and the cir cuit Dirt oil or other foreign matter affects the resis tance 4 Read the display Notes on Measuring Resistance The resistance shown on the display is the total resistance through all possible parallel paths between the probes This means that the ...

Page 35: ...300V 30V RPM COM V CAT COM RPM 2 1 4 3 1 Hz MIN MAX PRESS OFF A C F 1 Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC COM 0 3 4 k 2 V AUTO 1 1 2 RED BLACK RADIATOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR mt09f eps Figure 9 Measuring Resistance to Check Coolant Temperature Sensor ...

Page 36: ... has two RPM functions Use RPM 2 for engines that fire once every two revolutions Use RPM 1 for engines that fire every revolution or for waste spark distributorless ignition sys tems DIS ie 1 RPM count spark 3 Spread the spark plug wires apart Clamp the induc tive pickup to a plug wire near the spark plug In general the longest wire works best Make sure that the jaws are closed completely and the...

Page 37: ...NGE If necessary Warning The ignition system can create a potential shock hazard turn the engine off before connecting or removing the pickup Caution The Pickup might be hot if it has been near the exhaust manifold and the engine has been running Note If the meter reading is too high or is unstable press the pushbutton momentarily to put the meter in the 40 V trigger range i e change the trigger l...

Page 38: ...Press R for 2 seconds to toggle between the volts dc and frequency function DC and Hz show on the display when dc coupled frequency is selected 4 Connect the test leads to the jumper wires 5 With the ignition KEY ON but the ENGINE OFF pump the vacuum up with a hand vacuum pump Watch the frequency change on the display Compare the frequency at various vacuum readings with the specifications in your...

Page 39: ... Hz MIN MAX PRESS OFF A C F Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 0 3 2 AUTO 1 4 3 V DC Hz 5 TO VACUUM PUMP HARNESS CONNECTOR JUMPER WIRES RED BLACK BP MAP SENSOR TL26 CLIPS Press for 2 seconds SIGNAL GROUND mt11f eps Figure 11 Checking Barometric Pressure Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor ...

Page 40: ...gure 12 2 Turn the rotary switch to Hz d 3 Press R for 2 seconds to toggle between the volts ac and frequency functions AC and Hz show on the display when ac coupled frequency is selected 4 Connect the test leads to the jumper wires 5 KEY ON ENGINE OFF Disable the engine ignition Crank the motor while watching the display Note When measuring frequency the meter displays frequency on the digital di...

Page 41: ...0V RPM COM V CAT COM RPM 2 1 1 Hz MIN MAX PRESS OFF A C F Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 0 3 AC Hz 2 V AUTO 1 4 3 1 2 5 4 Press for 2 seconds GROUND SIGNAL JUMPER WIRES mt12f eps Figure 12 Using AC Coupled Frequency on a Crankshaft Position Sensor ...

Page 42: ...eter is in the dwell function The display shows r and OL The meter defaults to 4 cylinders when the meter turns on or comes out of standby mode 3 Press R momentarily to step through the number of cylinders 5 6 8 3 and back to 4 The meter displays the number of cylinders followed by CL 4 Clip the black lead to ground and the red lead to the distributor side of the coil as shown in Figure 13 5 Start...

Page 43: ... MAX PRESS OFF A C F Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 4 0 V _ _ _ 5 4 3 IGNITION SWITCH AND CIRCUIT MOMENTARY PRESS TO SELECT NUMBER OF CYLINDERS BATTERY CONDENSER COIL BREAKER POINT ASSEMBLY NUMBER OF CYLINDERS RED BLACK mt13f eps Figure 13 Measuring Dwell on a Conventional Ignitions ...

Page 44: ...ed on or comes out of standby Sleep mode the trigger slope is negative The slope is indicated by a or sign at the left of the bar graph To toggle between a positive and negative trigger slope press R momentarily 4 Connect the black test lead to ground and the red lead to the green mixture control test connector GM cars at the base of the carburetor 5 Start the engine and read display when the engi...

Page 45: ...30V RPM COM V CAT RPM 2 1 5 6 1 Hz MIN MAX PRESS OFF A C F Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 4 V 3 1 4 2 _ 12 V SUPPLY Press for 2 seconds JUMPER WIRES SIGNAL RED BLACK CHASSIS GROUND mt14f eps Figure 14 Measuring Duty Cycle on a Feedback Carburetor ...

Page 46: ... the thermocouple on the surface until you get the highest temperature reading When measuring below ambient temperatures move the thermocouple on the surface until you get the lowest temperature reading When measuring near ambient temperatures take the reading when the display is most stable Excessive voltage and strong low frequency and radio frequency fields can reduce the accuracy of temperatur...

Page 47: ...RY PRESS TO TOGGLE BETWEEN FAHRENHEIT AND CELSIUS Warning To avoid electrical shock do not use the thermocouple when voltages exceeding 30 V ac rms or 30 V dc are present Note The thermocouple adapter and meter must be at the same temperature for accurate measurements If at different temperatures plug together and wait up to 15 minutes mt15f eps Figure 15 Measuring the Temperature of Coolant Tempe...

Page 48: ...aph 3 If the meter is not in the desired range press R momentarily to step up a range Each press steps up a range After the highest range the meter wraps to the lowest range 4 When the meter is in the desired range press R for 1 second to select MIN MAX MAX lights on the LCD indicating MIN MAX is se lected and the maximum reading is displayed The beeper sounds when a new minimum or maximum value i...

Page 49: ...e meter defaults to the 40 V range Press the pushbutton 5 times to step to the 4 V range Connect the test leads to the sensor as shown Start the engine If the sensor is unheated fast idle the car for a few minutes Press the pushbutton for 1 second to enter the MIN MAX mode Let the engine run for a few minutes to allow the meter to record enough readings Press the pushbutton to display the minimum ...

Page 50: ... the bar graph This allows you to see if a hazardous voltage is pres ent To use the bar graph to observe the sweep on a throttle position sensor TPS 1 Insert the test leads in the jacks Figure 17 2 Turn the rotary switch to Ω 3 With KEY OFF ENGINE OFF disconnect the TPS s electrical connector Then connect the test leads to the sensor as shown 4 Slowly open the throttle while watching the bar graph...

Page 51: ... 30V C F 300V 30V RPM COM V CAT RPM 2 1 5 4 1 Hz MIN MAX PRESS OFF A C F Hz V Hz V 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER 1 SEC 2 SEC 0 3 k 2 V AUTO 1 3 4 1 2 TPS CONNECTOR 5 V SUPPLY SIGNAL GROUND RED BLACK mt17f eps Figure 17 Using Bar Graph to Observe Sweep of Throttle Position Sensor TPS ...

Page 52: ... the decimal point moves changing the resolution of the displayed reading Each press steps up a range After the highest range the meter wraps to the lowest range 3 When the desired range is selected press R for 1 second to lock the meter in that range Note This also puts you in MIN MAX mode in which the meter stores the minimum and maximum readings See How to Use MIN MAX ear lier in this manual 4 ...

Page 53: ... HOLSTER WITH FLEX STAND LOOPED OVER BELT F 15A 600V MIN INTERRUPT RATING 10 000A WARNING TO AVOID DAMAGE OR INJURY USE ONLY IN PROTECTED CIRCUITS WHICH CAN NOT EXCEED 4800 VOLT AMPS TO PREVENT FIRE INSTALL FUSE WITH AMP VOLT RATINGS SHOWN TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK REMOVE TEST LEADS BEFORE OPENING CASE JOHN FLUKE MFG CO INC MADE IN USA U S PATENTS 4 556 867 4 532 470 9V NEDA 1604 6F22 006P PRODUCT...

Page 54: ...place fusible resistor R1 ONLY with specified replacement part Install only specified replacement fuses Caution To avoid damaging components do not lift the battery straight out Lift the end of the battery as shown in Figure 20 Replace the battery and fuse as shown in Figure 20 The meter uses a 9 V battery and a F15 A 600 V fuse To avoid contamination or static damage do not touch the rotary switc...

Page 55: ...Accessories and Parts 43 10A 78 AUTOMOTIVE METER V 0 0 5 OK OK 10A 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 AUTO mt19f eps Figure 19 Fuse Test ...

Page 56: ...78 Users Manual 44 1 2 3 4 OFF OFF F15 A 600 V Minimum Interrupt Rating 10 kA Fluke PN 820829 6F 22 9 V NEDA 1604 9 V mt20f eps Figure 20 Fuse and Battery Replacement ...

Page 57: ...915 1 TM4 78 Service Manual 666617 1 80BK Thermocouple Adapter 1 AC70 Alligator Clips 1 set 1 TL75 Test Leads Right Angle One Set 1 C70Y Yellow Holster 1 AC85 Large Jaw Alligator Clips AC89 Insulation Piercing Clip RPM80 Inductive Pickup TL20 Industrial Test Lead Set TL24 Silicone Insulated Test Leads TL26 5 Way Multipoint Test Lead Set To ensure safety replace the R1 fusible resistor only with th...

Page 58: ...Class 3 Instrument Altitude 2000 meters 6562 feet Size HxWxL 1 12 in x 2 95 in x 6 55 in 2 8 cm x 7 5 cm x 16 6 cm Weight 12 oz 340g Safety Complies with ANSI ISA S82 01 1994 CAN CSA 22 2 No 1010 1 1992 to 300 V Overvoltage Category II UL license pending to UL3111 1 TUV License to EN61010 1 Safety Approvals CSA Certified TUV Product Service licensed UL EMI Regulation Complies with FCC Part 15 Clas...

Page 59: ...A Resistance 400 0 Ω 4 000 kΩ 40 00 kΩ 400 0 kΩ 4 000 MΩ 40 00 MΩ 0 1 Ω 0 001 kΩ 00 01 kΩ 000 1 kΩ 0 001 MΩ 0 01 MΩ 0 5 2 0 5 1 0 5 1 0 5 1 0 5 1 1 3 N A Continuity 400 0 Ω 0 1 Ω Beeper on 30 Ω for short of 1 ms of longer Open circuit voltage 1 5 V Diode Test 2 500 V 0 001 V 2 typical Open circuit voltage 3 3 V AC Current 45 Hz to 1 kHz 10 00 A 0 01 A 2 5 2 0 03 V A DC Current 4 000 A 10 00 A 0 00...

Page 60: ...pF 60 dB dc to 60 Hz F 300 V 10 MΩ 150 pF 120 dB at dc 50 Hz or 60 Hz 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz 300 V 10 MΩ 150 pF RPM 30 V 2 MΩ 50 pF Open Circuit Test Full Scale Voltage Short Circuit Current e R 300 V rms Voltage To 4 0 MΩ 40 MΩ 1 3 V dc 450 mV dc 1 3 V dc 500 µA G 300 V rms 3 3 V dc 2 500 V dc 1 6 mA typical C F 30 V rms 10 7 V Hz max ...

Page 61: ...e width 5 µs 0 1 0 2 per kHz 0 1 for rise time 1 µs Temperature 40 to 999 C 20 C ambient to 980 C below 20 C ambient 1 degree 0 3 6 C 40 to 20 C 0 3 4 C 20 to 0 C 0 3 3 C 0 to 170 C 0 3 5 C 170 to 260 C 0 3 6 C 260 to 700 C 0 3 7 C 700 to 999 C When measuring temperature the accuracy of the system is the combined accuracy of the meter and the thermocou ple Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger...

Page 62: ...78 Users Manual 50 ...

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