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Epson 10020, User Manual

The Epson 10020 User Manual is your comprehensive guide to efficiently operate and make the most of your Epson 10020 device. With clear instructions and detailed illustrations, this manual is a valuable resource to enhance your user experience. Download it for free from our website manualshive.com and maximize your product's potential.

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Floppy Disk Drives and Controller Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-22

Formatting a Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-22

Starting the Floppy Disk Drive Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-23

Sequential Seek Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-24

Random Seek Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-24

Write, Read Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-25

Speed Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-25

Run All Above Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-26

Math Coprocessor Check (8087-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-26

Parallel Port (Printer Interface) Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-27

Parallel Port (on Video Adapter) Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-28

Serial Port (RS-232C) Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-28

Alternate Serial Port Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-30

Dot-matrix Printer Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-30

Hard Disk Drives and Controller Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-31

Seek Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-32

Write, Read Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-33

Error Detection and Correction Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-34

Read, Verify Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-34

Run All Above Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-35

Error Codes and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-36

Appendix E

Physically Formatting a Hard Disk

Formatting and Checking Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-2

Reformatting a Used Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-3

Formatting a New Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-4

Starting the Formatting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-4

Conditional Format (Normal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-5

Unconditional Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-7

Destructive Surface Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-10

Non-destructive Surface Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-11

x

Contents

Summary of Contents for 10020

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...mputer includes a game port such as the one shown below You can easily connect a joystick track ball or other pointing device to this port Apex is a trademark of Epson America Inc Copyright 1989 by Epson America inc Torrance California QA50189001 ...

Page 3: ...or over a radiator or heat register This product should not be placed in a built in installation unless proper ventilation is provided This product should he operated from the type of power source indicated on the marking label If you are not sure of the type of power available consult your dealer or local power company This product is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type plug a plug having a thi...

Page 4: ...roduct from the wall outlet and refer servicing to qualified service personnel under the following conditions A When the power cord or plug is damaged or frayed B If liquid has ken spilled into the product C If the product has ken exposed to rain or water D If the product does not operate normally when the operating instructions are followed Adjust only those controls that are covered by the opera...

Page 5: ......

Page 6: ... America inc No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of information contained herein While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication Epson America assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Further this publication and the features described herein ...

Page 7: ...If the interference stops it was probably caused by the computer or its peripheral devices To further isolate the problem Disconnect the peripheral devices and their input output cables one at a time If the interference stops it is caused by either the peripheral device or its I O cable These devices usually require shielded I O cables For Epson peripheral devices you can obtain the proper shielde...

Page 8: ...er Cord 1 10 6 connecting the Keyboard 1 11 Adjusting the Keyboard Angle 1 13 7 Turning On the Computer 1 14 8 Loading MS DOS 1 15 Loading MS DOS On the Apex 100 1 16 The Command Prompt 1 18 Setting the Time and Date on the Apex 100 20 1 19 9 Copying System Diskettes 1 21 Copying Diskettes on the Apex 100 1 21 Copying Diskettes on the Apex 100 20 1 23 Chapter 2 Using Your Computer Changing the Ope...

Page 9: ...am 3 2 Using Drive Designators 3 3 The Default Drive 3 3 Types of MS DOS Commands 3 4 Entering an MS DOS Command 3 6 Creating and Managing Files 3 8 Naming Files 3 9 Copying Files 3 10 Renaming Files 3 12 Deleting Files 3 13 Printing Files 3 14 Using Directories 3 15 The Default Directory 3 17 Changing the Default Directory 3 17 Using Pathnames 3 18 Including Filenames With Pathnames 3 19 Includin...

Page 10: ... AUTOEXEC BAT File 3 44 Using HDCACHE for the Hard Disk 3 45 Chapter 4 Installing Option Cards Removing the Cover 4 2 Inserting an Option Card 4 4 Removing an Access Slot Cover 4 7 Removing an Option Card 4 8 Replacing the Cover 4 8 Post installation Setup 4 9 Optional Disk Drive Controllers 4 10 Installing the Optional Controller 4 11 Changing the Jumper Setting 4 12 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting The...

Page 11: ... Real time Clock A 8 Changing Serial Port Settings A 10 Leaving the Setup Program A 13 Appendix B Specifications Main Unit B 1 Keyboard B 2 Massstorage B 2 Power Supply B 3 Environmental Requirements B 3 Physical Characteristics B 3 Video and Display Options B 4 Other Apex Options B 4 Parallel Port Pin Assignments B 7 Serial Port Pin Assignments B 8 Keyboard Connector Pin Assignments B 9 Parallel ...

Page 12: ...k Monochrome Display Adapter and CRT Check Monochrome Adapter Check Attribute Check Character Set Check Video Check Sync Check Run All Above Checks Color Graphics Adapter and CRT Check Color Graphics Adapter Check Attribute Check Character Set Check 40 column Character Set Check 320x200 Graphics Mode Check 640x200 Graphics Mode Check Screen Paging Check Light Pen Check Color Video Check Sync Check...

Page 13: ... 28 Alternate Serial Port Check D 30 Dot matrix Printer Check D 30 Hard Disk Drives and Controller Check D 31 Seek Check D 32 Write Read Check D 33 Error Detection and Correction Check D 34 Read Verify Check D 34 Run All Above Checks D 35 Error Codes and Messages D 36 Appendix E Physically Formatting a Hard Disk Formatting and Checking Options E 2 Reformatting a Used Disk E 3 Formatting a New Disk...

Page 14: ...rd Disk for Use Creating the MS DOS Partition F 2 Formatting the MS DOS Partition F 4 Copying the Remaining Files to the Hard Disk F 6 Creating the AUTOEXEC BAT File F 7 Booting From the Hard Disk F 8 Glossary Index Contents xi ...

Page 15: ...t either a monochrome or color graphics monitor to the MGA card in the computer Your computer comes with version 3 3 of MS DOS an operating system by Microsoft In addition to the introduction to MS DOS provided in this manual you ll find a comprehensive reference manual for the operating system pack4 in the box with your computer As a supplement to MS DOS Epson has included several time saving uti...

Page 16: ...ly don t need to read everything in this book see the following chapter summaries Chapter 1 provides simple step by step instructions for setting up your computer On the back cover foldout are illustrations identifying the different parts of the computer you may want to refer to this while you are setting up your system Chapter 2 covers some general operating procedures including how to use and ca...

Page 17: ... DOS FORMAT command Appendix F explains how to prepare a new hard disk for use You need to follow these instructions only if you have installed a new hard disk in your computer or if you need to repartition or reformat the one you have been using At the back of the manual you ll find a glossary of computer terms and an index Where to Get Help Customer service for Epson products is provided by a ne...

Page 18: ...truction on the Read This First card included with this manual Turn to this chapter if you have any questions and for instructions on copying your system diskettes 1 Unpacking As you unpack the different parts of your computer system be sure to inspect each piece If anything is missing or looks damaged contact the place where it was purchased for missing items or replacements If you cannot obtain ...

Page 19: ...play adapter card to use with that monitor You ll find a warranty card and a registration card with the computer Fill out the registration card and mail it to Epson With this card on file Epson can send you update information Be sure to keep your packing materials They provide the best protection for your computer if you need to transport it later Removing the Diskette Drive Protector Card A prote...

Page 20: ...llowing A large sturdy desk or table that can easily support the weight of your system including all its components Make sure the surface is hard and flat Soft surfaces like beds and carpeted floors attract static electricity which can erase data on your disks and damage the computer s circuitry Soft surfaces also prevent proper ventilation Good air circulation Air must be able to move freely unde...

Page 21: ...rrent required by the peripheral must not exceed 1 amp No electromagnetic interference Locate your system away from any electrical device such as a telephone that generates an electromagnetic field Connecting a Monitor Your computer comes with an MGA multi graphics adapter card installed This card controls the monitor and provides the connection to attach the monitor to the computer You can connec...

Page 22: ...the backs of the monitor and the computer are facing you 2 If necessary connect the monitor cable to the monitor Some monitors such as the Apex come with permanently attached cables 3 Connect the monitor cable to the video card connector on the back of the computer as shown below If the plug has retaining screws tighten them by hand or with a screwdriver depending on the screw type 4 If necessary ...

Page 23: ...n the computer set the color mono monitor switch on the card to match the type of monitor you are using either color or monochrome The Apex computer is set up to use an 80 column color monitor If you are connecting any other type of monitor you need to change two of the DIP switches 1 5 and 1 6 on the computer s front panel to match the monitor and display adapter you are using See Appendix A for ...

Page 24: ...rface The parallel interface on the computer is Centronics compatible and uses a 25 pin connector To connect a parallel printer to your computer you need an IBM compatible printer cable If you are not sure which one you need check with the store where you purchased the computer Once you have the correct printer cable follow these steps to connect the printer to the parallel interface on the comput...

Page 25: ... cable to the printer as shown below If the printer has retaining clips on each side of the printer port squeeze them together to secure the cable 4 Plug the printer s power cord into an electrical outlet 1 8 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 26: ...bought the computer and printer To connect a serial device follow the same steps outlined above for a parallel device but connect the cable to the serial port Setting up the serial port for a printer If you are using a serial printer but your software does not support a serial printer you must do two things before you can use the serial printer Set up the data transmission parameters for the port ...

Page 27: ...ides an easy way to use MODE For instructions see the description of the Mode Settings option of the MENU program in your MS DOS Reference Manual 5Connecting the Power Cord Follow these steps to connect the power cord 1 Insert the power cord into the AC power inlet on the back panel as shown below To avoid an electric shock be sure to plug the cord into the computer before plugging it into the wal...

Page 28: ...Keyboard Follow these steps to connect the keyboard 1 Facing the front of the computer open the cover on the lower right comer use the tip of your finger to pull it open from the right side Setting Up Your System 1 11 ...

Page 29: ... not force the connector but be sure to insert it all the way 3 Push the cable into the notch at the right side of the computer as shown below so the cable leads away to the right side of the computer 4 Close the keyboard cable cover 1 12 Setting Up Your System ...

Page 30: ...by adjusting the legs on the bottom Follow these steps 1 Turn the keyboard over 2 Press down on the front part of each leg as shown below and then use your thumbs to lift up the legs until they lock into place 3 Turn the keyboard right side up Setting Up Your System 1 13 ...

Page 31: ...wer off and on rapidly can damage the computer s circuitry Do not leave a beverage on top of or next to your system or any of its components Spilled liquid can damage the circuitry of your equipment Do not attempt to dismantle any part of the computer Only remove the cover to install and remove optional devices If there is a hardware problem you cannot solve after reading the appropriate section i...

Page 32: ...ontrols on your monitor to adjust the brightness and contrast until characters on the screen are clear and bright 8Loading MS DOS Once the computer completes its self test it tries to load MS DOS the operating system into the computer s memory MS DOS must be in the computer s memory before you can run any application program such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet program If you have th...

Page 33: ...uter can load the operating system Follow the instructions below Note You can turn on the computer with Startup diskette in the drive If you do this the computer loading MS DOS form the diskette and you do not see the error message Loading MS DOS On the Apex 100 Follow these steps to load MS DOS from a diskette in drive A 1 Insert the Startup diskette into drive A the top diskette drive as shown b...

Page 34: ...e it unchanged To correct the date enter it in the order shown using one or two digits for the month day and year separated by dashes For example to set the date for August 30 1989 you would type the following 8 30 89 5 Next the screen displays the time prompt such as this Current time is 09 32 21 77 Enter new time If the time is correct press Enter to leave it unchanged To correct the time use a ...

Page 35: ...ands The Setup program is described in Appendix A The DATE and TIME commands are described below for the Apex 100 20 and in the MS DOS manual The Command Prompt The command prompt tells you that MS DOS is loaded and your computer is ready to receive instructions It also identifies the current operating drive A B or C The command prompt appears on the screen whenever you load MS DOS complete an MS ...

Page 36: ...es of commands that your computer performs each time it loads MS DOS You can add commands to this file to automate a set of procedures you normally perform each time you turn on the computer See Chapter 3 for more information about using the AUTOEXEC BAT file Note For consistency this manual uses the same format for the command prompt for both drive A and drive C that is A and C Setting the Time a...

Page 37: ...the format shown using a 24 hour clock You can omit the seconds if desired For example to change the time to 1 30 p m type the following and press Enter 13 30 You need to set the date and time this way only once the computer s real time clock keeps track of the date and time even when the computer is off it updates months and years correctly whether the month has 31 30 29 or 28 days and accounts f...

Page 38: ...kette drive and no hard disk follow the instructions in Chapter 3 for copying diskettes with only one drive Be sure to label each diskette as you copy it Write on the label before you attach it to the diskette to prevent damaging the diskette Copying Diskettes on the Apex 100 1 The A prompt should be on the screen if it is not follow the steps in the previous section Loading MS DOS on the Apex 100...

Page 39: ... DISKCOPY program formats it Formatting prepares a diskette to store data and is described in Chapter 3 Then the program copies the contents of the diskette in drive A to the formatted diskette in drive B When the copy is complete you see this prompt Copy another diskette Y N 6 Press Y so you can make a copy of the Operating 2 diskette Again you see these prompts Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A ...

Page 40: ...ying Diskettes on the Apex l00 20 1 The C prompt should be on the screen if it is not type C and press Enter 2 Type the following and press Enter DISKCOPY A A The screen displays these messages Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A Press any key when ready 3 insert the Startup diskette in drive A the diskette drive as shown below with the label facing up and the read write slot leading into the drive ...

Page 41: ... memory to the formatted diskette When the copy is complete you see this prompt Copy another diskette Y N 5 Press Y so you can make a copy of the Operating 1 diskette Again you see the prompt to insert the source diskette 6 Remove the copy of the Startup diskette which you just made and insert the Operating 1 diskette in the drive Then press any key Continue following the prompts on the screen to ...

Page 42: ...t 10 MHz the computer performs all tasks faster and you will probably use this speed for almost everything you do Certain application programs however have specific timing requirements for diskette access and can run only at the slower speed See the manual for your application program to determine if this is the case Use the CPU switch on the front panel to change the speed To access the switch op...

Page 43: ...able that follows describes the special keys Key Purpose F1 F10 Perform special functions within application programs Tab Moves the cursor one tab to the right in normal mode and one tab to the left in shift mode when using some application programs Ctrl Works with other keys to perform special control functions such as editing operations Shift Produces uppercase characters or the top symbols on t...

Page 44: ...n of the keys on the numeric cursor keypad from numeric entry to cursor positioning changes back when pressed again Controls scrolling in some applications When pressed with the Ctrl key sends a break signal to the computer to terminate the current operation When pressed with Shift prints the screen display on a dot matrix printer Control cursor location Turns the insert function on and off Delete...

Page 45: ... stop a program or command If you have created new data that you have not yet stored it will be erased if you turn off the computer The Apex stores your data in its memory until you save it but the memory area is erased each time you turn off or reset the computer Resetting the Computer Occasionally you may want to clear the computer s current settings or its memory without turning it off This is ...

Page 46: ...press the Del key The screen goes blank for a moment and then the computer should reload MS DOS If it doesn t try the second method 2 Press the RESET button on the front panel This method works even when the keyboard does not respond to your commands if this does not correct the problem try the third method 3 Remove any diskette from the diskette drive s Turn off the computer and wait five seconds...

Page 47: ...skette you insert in your computer s diskette drive is made of flexible plastic coated with magnetic material It is enclosed in a square jacket that is slightly flexible Your computer stores data on the diskette by recording on the magnetic surface Unlike a diskette a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place It is sealed in a protective case to keep it free from dust and dirt A hard disk stores data ...

Page 48: ...re tracks per side than a diskette A disk is further divided by sectors To understand what a sector is picture the spokes on a bicycle wheel radiating from the center of the wheel to the tire The space between one spoke and the next is like a sector on a diskette See the figure below The diskettes you use on the Apex have 9 sectors per track other types of diskettes can have 8 15 or 18 sectors The...

Page 49: ... uses diskettes that are 5 1 4 inch double sided double density 48 TPI tracks per inch and have a capacity of 360KB The diskette boxes are usually marked DS DD or 2S 2D soft sector 48 TPI Each 360KB diskette can hold approximately 150 pages of text For best results choose only high quality diskettes with reinforced hub rings These diskettes are the same type used on IBM compatible computers with 5...

Page 50: ...rmatting diskettes Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives Follow these basic precautions to protect your diskettes and avoid losing data Do not remove a diskette from the diskette drive or turn off the computer while the drive light is on This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from a diskette If you interrupt this process you can destroy data Remove all diskettes before you...

Page 51: ... does not rotate properly in the drive if it has been damaged Carefully label your diskettes Attach labels firmly but gently and only along the top of a diskette next to the manufacturer s label Do not stick several labels on top of one another too many labels can make it difficult to insert and remove the diskette in the drive It is best to write on the label before you attach it to the diskette ...

Page 52: ...ner to protect it from dust If you need to move the computer be sure to run the HDSIT program before you turn it off See Preparing the Hard Disk for Moving later in this chapter Inserting and Removing Diskettes To insert a diskette into the drive hold it with the label facing up and the read write slot leading into the drive as shown below Slide the diskette into the slot until it is in all the wa...

Page 53: ...and press any key to continue To remove a diskette turn the latch up until it is horizontal and the edge of the diskette pops out Carefully pull out the diskette place it in its protective envelope and store it in a proper location such as a diskette container Inserting a 3 1 2 inch diskette If you have an optional 3 1 2 inch diskette drive insert the diskette with the label facing up and the meta...

Page 54: ...tect a diskette to prevent its data from being altered When a diskette is write protected you can read it and copy data from it but you cannot store new data on the diskette or delete any files it contains If you try to change data on a write protected diskette MS DOS displays an error message To write protect a 5 1 4 inch diskette cover the small rectangular notch shown below with an adhesive wri...

Page 55: ...e write protection slide the switch toward the To remove the write protection slide the switch toward the center of the diskette so the hole is covered center of the diskette so the hole is covered Making Backup Copies It is important to make copies of all your data and system diskettes Copy all diskettes that contain programs such as the original MS DOS diskettes that come with your computer and ...

Page 56: ...s your one drive like two logical drives This helps you perform operations that normally require two diskette drives Usually MS DOS recognizes the first diskette drive the top drive as drive A and a second diskette drive as B If you have only one diskette drive MS DOS recognizes it as both A and B For example if you give a command to copy from A to B MS DOS copies data from the first diskette you ...

Page 57: ...oo See your application program manual for detailed instructions Using the Hard Disk Drive You can create and revise files on a hard disk just as you do on a diskette The hard disk however provides several advantages The 20MB hard disk can store as much data as 55 360KB diskettes approximately 10 000 pages of text Your computer can perform all disk related operations faster You can store all your ...

Page 58: ...set the computer If your computer does not seem to be working correctly however you may need to repeat some of the procedures to prepare it for use If you think this may be the case see Appendix F for instructions Backing up hard disk files While the hard disk is very reliable it is essential to back up your hard disk files onto diskettes in case you lose some data accidentally Make copies of all ...

Page 59: ...rotects the hard disk from being damaged if the computer is bumped accidentally Follow these steps to run HDSIT 1 Exit any program you are using so the MS DOS command prompt is on the screen 2 Insert the Reference diskette in drive A 3 Type the following and press Enter A HDSIT You see a message on the screen that tells you the disk drive s read write heads will remain locked until you reset the c...

Page 60: ...computer If you plan to use it just to run application programs the few MS DOS commands you ll need are introduced in this chapter If you plan to use advanced features or create your own programs see your MS DOS Reference Manual for a complete description of MS DOS This chapter covers the following topics Starting and exiting MS DOS Using drive designators Types of MS DOS commands Entering an MS D...

Page 61: ...and identifies the current drive Before you turn off the computer make sure the A or C prompt is displayed Then remove your diskettes turn off your computer and turn off any peripherals Starting An Application Program Once you have loaded MS DOS you can start using your application program If you have the Apex 100 remove the Startup diskette from drive A and insert the program diskette in that dri...

Page 62: ...mand MS DOS lists the files stored on drive C if the default drive is A and you type WP and press Enter MS DOS looks on drive A for a file called WP and executes the instructions in that file The MS DOS command prompt tells you which drive is the current default The command prompt consists of the drive letter followed by a greater than symbol Depending on how your system has been set up the comman...

Page 63: ...ame For example if you are logged onto drive A and want to use a file named PROGRAM on drive B you would type the following B PROGRAM MS DOS loads and executes the file named PROGRAM from drive B but stays logged onto drive A Types of MS DOS Commands Each MS DOS command is either internal or external Internal commands are commands that are built into MS DOS and can he used at any time once MS DOS ...

Page 64: ...EYBOARD SYS MODE COM NLSFUNC EXE PRINTER SYS EDLIN COM FC EXE FIND EXE FORMAT COM GRAFTABL COM GRAPHICS COM JOIN EXE LABEL COM MORE COM PRINT COM MENU EXE SETATTR EXE SETBCKUP EXE SETFC EXE SETMODE EXE FDDTST DIG FORMAT COM HDFMTALL COM HDSIT EXE HDTST DIG KEYST DIG MAINTST DlG MEMTST DIG REPLACE EXE SELECT COM SYS COM VDISK SYS XCOPY EXE 4201 CPI RECOVER COM RESTORE COM SHARE EXE SORT EXE SUBST E...

Page 65: ...og onto that drive and give the FORMAT command or specify the appropriate drive when you enter the command For example if the Startup diskette is in drive A and you are logged onto that drive and you want to format a diskette that is in drive B you could enter the command as follows FORMAT B In this case MS DOS looks on drive A the default drive for the file named FORMAT COM and finds it there If ...

Page 66: ... is the delimiter that lets MS DOS distinguish the command name FORMAT from the parameter A Some commands also have optional switches you can use A switch is a type of parameter that alters the effects of a command For example suppose you want to make a copy of a single sided diskette To do this you need to add a switch to the DISKCOPY command like this DISKCOPY A B 1 Without the 1 switch DISKCOPY...

Page 67: ...t the screen displays an error message Usually the command prompt reappears so you can try again Type the correct command and press Enter Creating and Managing Files All your data and programs are stored in files on disk A data file contains information such as words numbers or pictures A program file contains instructions that the computer can understand and execute The kind of file you create de...

Page 68: ...nsions to the files you create These programs use the extension to determine whether it is a compatible data file Avoid using the same extensions as your application programs Also do not use uppercase and lowercase letters to distinguish between files MS DOS does not recognize the difference and displays all filenames in uppercase Certain extensions are reserved for program files and you must not ...

Page 69: ...he drive designators and necessary filenames Then press Enter to execute the command For example to copy a file named REPORT from the diskette in drive A to the diskette in drive B using the same name for the copy as for the original file type the following and press Enter COPY A REPORT B You now have two files named REPORT one on the diskette in drive A and one on the diskette in drive B If you w...

Page 70: ...roup of characters and the question mark represents any single character For example to copy all the files on the diskette in drive A to the diskette in drive B type the following and press Enter COPY A B To copy all files with names that begin with the four letters MEMO and end with any single character such as MEMO1 type the following and press Enter COPY A MEMO B You can also use the COPY comma...

Page 71: ...replaces the existing file There is no warning that the existing file is Being replaced so be careful that you do not accidentally erase a file you want to keep If you are copying to another diskette that diskette must have been previously formatted Note You can also use the XCOPY command to copy individual files or groups of files XCOPY an external command offers an efficient way to copy certain ...

Page 72: ...hat begin with the same five characters MEMOS but end with one varying character type the following and press Enter REN MEMOS MEMOS OLD This command would rename files such as MEMO1 and MEMO2 to MEMO1 OLD and MEMO2 OLD See your MS DOS Reference Manual for more information on the RENAME command Deleting Files You can delete files you no longer need with the DEL delete command For example to delete ...

Page 73: ... examples Printing Files If you have a printer attached to your computer you can print files with the PRINT command Of course you will probably be printing files with the application programs you use with MS DOS but if you need to print a file from the MS DOS command prompt follow the steps below To print a file named STATS NBA on drive A 1 Make sure your printer is on and ready to print 2 At the ...

Page 74: ...ectories are essential for organizing files on a hard disk Whenever you format a disk MS DOS creates one main directory for you This directory is called the root directory Any subsequent directories you create are logically subordinate to the root directory that is they are subdirectories of the root directory A simple directory structure might look like this This arrangement would enable you to k...

Page 75: ...ies and create new ones as your needs change Here are some additional points to note about directories In the root directory the total number of files and subdirectories must not exceed 512 on the hard disk and 112 on a 360KB diskette All directories other than the root directory can have any number of files and subdirectories Subdirectories are named the same way files are The name can include as...

Page 76: ...herwise If you want to run a program or access a data file that is not stored in the default directory you can either change directories malting a different directory the default or include a pathname in your command Changing the Default Directory To change from one directory to another use the CHDIR command or its shorthand equivalent CD For example to change to the root directory of the default ...

Page 77: ... to find its way to the desired directory from the root directory Here is an example of an absolute pathname WORDPROC PERSONAL The backslash at the beginning of this pathname tells MS DOS to start its search at the root directory proceed down the directory tree to WORDPROC then continue down the tree to PERSONAL Here is an example of a relative pathname SALES Because this pathname does not begin w...

Page 78: ...in the current default directory The name of the file you want to access is specified at the end of the pathname like this TYPE WORDPROC PERSONAL JEAN1204 DOC This command tells MS DOS to list on screen TYPE the contents of the file JEAN 1204 DOC which is stored in the directory WORDPROC PERSONAL Note that the filename is connected to the pathname by a backslash character the same character used t...

Page 79: ...t directory Now you are logged onto drive A and enter the following command to delete the file JEAN 1204 DOC DEL C JEAN1204 DOC MS DOS tries to find the file you want in the root directory of drive C but the file is not there and an error message appears on the screen For this case you would need to enter the complete pathname as in the previous example If you do not know which is the default dire...

Page 80: ...ctory path which is convenient if you frequently type long pathnames See your MS DOS Reference Manual for information on these helpful commands Creating Directories You use the MKDIR command to create directories in MS DOS For example to create a LEDGER directory under your root directory type the following and press Enter MKDIR LEDGER You can abbreviate the name of this command to MD For example ...

Page 81: ... 24p DIR 7 13 89 1 48p RESUME 713 8293 7 29 89 9 07a BOOKRPRT 10866 6 18 89 11 43p 5 File s 16013560 bytes free A directory listing includes the following information about each file the name and extension the size in bytes and the date and time the file was created or last modified whichever is later Any subdirectories in the directory are listed along with the files they are identified by the le...

Page 82: ...fied To list the contents of a different drive or a different directory include the appropriate drive designator and or pathname in the command For example to see what is in the root directory of the diskette in drive A type the following and press Enter DIR A To display the contents of the WORDPROC PERSONAL directory on drive C type the following and press Enter DIR C WORDPROC PERSONAL Displaying...

Page 83: ...irectory for example Path C LEDGER SALES Sub directories None Files DECSALES FORECAST 90 OCTSALES NOVSALES To see the list of directories on another drive include the drive designator TREE A Removing Directories You may sometimes want to remove directories you no longer need A directory must be empty however before you can delete it If it contains any files or subdirectories MS DOS displays an err...

Page 84: ...to do this only once before you use the diskette for the first time You can reformat previously used diskettes This process erases all data on the diskette however so be sure you do not want to save any of the data on a used diskette before you format it If you plan to use a new diskette to make a backup copy of another diskette you do not need to format it first the DISKCOPY program automatically...

Page 85: ...iskette in the drive 2 When you see the A prompt type the following and press Enter FORMAT B You see this prompt Insert new diskette for drive B and strike ENTER when ready 3 Insert the diskette you want to format into drive B and press Enter to start formatting 4 When the diskette is formatted you see a message similar to this Format complete 362496 bytes total disk space 362496 bytes available o...

Page 86: ...ady 3 insert the diskette you want to format in drive A and press Enter to start formatting 4 When the diskette is formatted you see a message similar to this Format complete 362496 bytes total disk space 362496 bytes available on disk Format another Y N At this point you can either format another diskette by pressing Y and Enter or return to the MS DOS command prompt by pressing N and Enter The f...

Page 87: ...nsert new diskette for drive A and strike ENTER when ready 3 Remove the MS DOS Startup diskette from the diskette drive insert the diskette you want to format into drive A and press Enter 4 When the diskette is formatted you see a message similar to this Format complete 362496 bytes total disk space 362496 bytes available on disk Format another Y N At this point you can either format another diske...

Page 88: ...SKCOPY and BACKUP are described below The COPY command is described in the previous section Copying Files See your MS DOS manual for information on XCOPY Note The MENU and XTREE programs provide alternative ways to perform the functions listed above See the sections on MENU and XTREE later in this chapter Using the DISKCOPY Command The DISKCOPY command lets you make an exact copy of a diskette You...

Page 89: ...and press Enter DISKCOPY A B MS DOS prompts you to insert your diskettes Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A Insert TARGET diskette in drive B Press any key when ready 4 Remove the Operating 1 diskette from drive A Then insert the diskette you want to copy from the source into drive A and the diskette you want to copy to the target into drive B Then press any key If the target diskette is not format...

Page 90: ...ss any key DISKCOPY copies the contents of the diskette to the computer s memory Then the screen displays this message Insert TARGET diskette in drive A Press any key when ready 5 Remove the original diskette from drive A and insert the blank diskette the target in the drive Press any key If the new diskette is not formatted DISKCOPY formats it and then copies the contents of memory to the diskett...

Page 91: ...the diskette you want to copy the source in the diskette drive and press any key DISKCOPY copies the contents of the diskette to the computer s memory Then the screen displays this message Insert TARGET diskette in drive A Press any key when ready 5 Remove the original diskette from drive A and insert the blank diskette the target in the drive Press any key If the new diskette is not formatted DIS...

Page 92: ...nt directory together with files in all subdirectories of the current directory Format diskettes while copying files Unlike DISKCOPY and COPY which make readable copies of files BACKUP creates files that you cannot access directly To return files copied with the BACKUP command to their original locations on the hard disk you must use the RESTORE command Make sure you have enough diskettes to back ...

Page 93: ...f these programs is described below Using HELP The Epson HELP program provides online information about MS DOS commands and programs You can use HELP in either of two ways You can type HELP at the command prompt and press Enter to display the HELP menu You can bypass the menu by typing HELP plus the name of the command you want information about Note The HELP program requires two files HELP COM an...

Page 94: ...n to the HELP menu press the ESC key Press ESC again to exit the HELP program To bypass the HELP menu and get information about one command follow these steps 1 At the command prompt type HELP followed by the name of the MS DOS command you want information about and press Enter For example to see help information for the COPY command type the following and press Enter HELP COPY 2 If there is more ...

Page 95: ...page of information about the command you see the prompt PgUp at the top of the screen Press PgUp to see more 3 Press ESC to see the help information for the next command 4 To exit the HELP program press ESC after viewing the information for the last command Using MENU The MENU program lets you display a menu of MS DOS commands and select the one you need MENU is easy to use because you can execut...

Page 96: ...urrent disk Press any key to continue This message appears if you try to run MENU from a diskette that does not contain the command called by MENU in this case SETPRINT This does not happen on the Apex 100 20 because the hard disk is set up with a PATH command so MS DOS can find the appropriate command If you see this message insert the diskette that has the command in the diskette drive and try a...

Page 97: ...ides an easy to use alternative to the MS DOS CHKDSK DISKCOPY DISKCOMP and FORMAT commands Mode Settings Lets you change your configuration settings This option also lets you select alternate code pages character sets and redirect data from the parallel port to the serial port Because you can perform so many tasks from the Mode Settings submenus this option is a simpler alternative to the MS DOS M...

Page 98: ...directory and the statistics for each file Display copy move print and delete files individually or in groups to any directory or disk Make new directories rename directories delete empty directories and change from one directory to another Display data in both ASCII and hexadecimal format Execute programs without leaving the XTREE program Display how much space is available on your disks Follow t...

Page 99: ...the disk In this case there is one subdirectory called DOS If there are no directories listed under the backslash the disk contains no subdirectories under the root directory Shows the files XTREE is set to display This window shows that XTREE is set to display all files matching the DOS specification which is all files Shows the name or letter of the disk being displayed and the number of bytes s...

Page 100: ...y window Letter keys execute XTREE commands The available XTREE commands appear on the DIR COMMANDS or FILE COMMANDS line at the bottom of your screen The highlighted letter of the word the D in Delete for example indicates the key you press to execute the command To execute a command on more than one file or directory press T to tag the desired files or directories with the Tag command A diamond ...

Page 101: ...progress by pressing F3 This stops any function Use Ctrl A the attributes command to give read only status to all the files in the directories Then in order to erase a file you must first remove its protection See your MS DOS Reference Manual for details about the ATTRIB command XTREE is limited in the number of files and directories it can handle If you have more than 2800 files or 180 directorie...

Page 102: ...ctories or specify pathnames Add the appropriate command to start your most commonly used application program such as a word processor or spreadsheet program so that it loads automatically when you turn on or reset the computer Change the MS DOS command prompt so that it displays the current directory or your name or anything you want The hard disk on the Apex 100 20 comes with an AUTOEXEC BAT fil...

Page 103: ...se directories without having to specify pathnames in the commands The second line changes the MS DOS command prompt so that it displays your current directory The MS DOS COPY command provides an easy way to create an AUTOEXEC BAT file Follow these steps 1 If you are creating an AUTOEXEC BAT file on the working copy of your MS DOS Startup disk insert the diskette into drive A if you are creating a...

Page 104: ... commands in the AUTOEXEC BAT file every time you turn on or reset the computer If you need to change anything in the AUTOEXEC BAT file later you can use the same procedure to modify the commands See your MS DOS Reference Manual for more information Using HDCACHE for the Hard Disk If you have the Apex 100 20 you can use the MS DOS program HDCACHE to enhance the performance of your hard disk This p...

Page 105: ...ied by the video card that operates your monitor If you have the Apex 100 20 another slot contains the hard disk drive controller card Option cards are made by Epson as well as other vendors In addition multifunction cards allow you to add more than one feature per slot If you add an optional disk drive controller card you also need to change a jumper setting This chapter describes how to Remove a...

Page 106: ...l devices connected to it then unplug the power cable before removing the case 1 If the monitor is on top of the computer disconnect it and move it to one side Disconnect the keyboard and any peripherals and set them out of the way too Turn the computer around so that the back panel faces you 2 The back panel is secured with three screws as shown below Remove the screws and put them aside Take the...

Page 107: ...lastic inserts as shown below Gently remove the inserts with a small screwdriver then remove the screws on both sides of the computer Put the screws and inserts safely aside 4 Tilt the cover up slightly from the back and pull it toward you and away from the computer as shown below Set the cover aside for now Installing Option Cards 4 3 ...

Page 108: ...e MGA card that comes installed in your computer Even though option cards are designed to fit only one way it is a good idea to examine the card first and follow the instructions closely 1 Decide which option slot you want to use then remove the retaining screw and washer from the metal cover plate at the back of the slot Hold onto the screw and washer as you remove them so that they don t fall in...

Page 109: ... you are installing an optional disk drive controller see Optional Disk Drive Controllers later in this chapter Note Pay specific attention to the warnings in your option card instructions Some devices have delicate CMOS chips you should not touch When you handle the card be careful not to touch any of the contacts on the circuit board especially the gold connector pins If you need to put the card...

Page 110: ...he connector pins are in the connector slot push down firmly but carefully to fully insert the card If the connector pins do not seem to be going in smoothly do not force the card pull it all the way out and try again Be sure to keep the card straight Secure the retaining bracket to the frame of the computer with the small screw and washer Also replace the grounding tab if there is one 4 6 Install...

Page 111: ... remove the plastic access slot cover on the computer s back panel that corresponds to the option card slot Follow these steps 1 Lay the back panel down as shown below Each individual access slot cover is held in position by a tab at the bottom and a clip at the top 2 Remove the appropriate cover by pushing down on the clip as shown above Save the cover in case you need to remove the option card l...

Page 112: ...over After you have installed or removed an option card and have changed any necessary jumpers or DIP switch settings on the option card or on the main system board the last step is to replace the cover of the computer 1 With the back of the computer facing you hold the cover over the computer with the side feet to the left of the computer and the front edge pointing slightly downward 2 Lower the ...

Page 113: ...card you may need to change the computer s DIP switches to update the configuration information For example if you install an EGA card you need to change switches 1 5 and 1 6 so the computer knows what type of display adapter you are using See Appendix A for information about the DIP switches If you add a second serial port you may want to run the Setup program to define the data transmission para...

Page 114: ...sion memory 8087 1 math coprocessor Serial and parallel ports Monitors and display adapters Disk drives See Appendix D for instructions Optional Disk Drive Controllers The built in disk drive controller in your computer can control two 360KB 5 1 4 or 720KB 3 1 2 diskette drives If you install an optional disk drive controller card in your computer to control the diskette drives you must connect th...

Page 115: ...the option card The drive cables for drives A and B are normally connected to connector CN5 on the system board shown in the following illustration If a different cable is supplied to connect the drives to the optional controller card make a careful note of how the original drive cable was connected and remove it from the computer Keep it in a safe place in case you need to remove the optional con...

Page 116: ...ing is determined by where the jumper is placed either between pin A and the middle pin position A or between pin B and the middle pin position B as shown below The factory setting for Jumper J1 is position A To disable the internal diskette drive controller move the jumper to position B Use needle nose pliers or tweezers to lift it off the board and gently move it to the other position Be careful...

Page 117: ...r computer its configuration including the type and number of disk drives monitor and option cards as well as the names and version numbers of any application programs you are using This information helps the customer care representative diagnose the problem The Computer Won t Start If your computer does not start when you turn on the power switch check the following 1 Is the power light on the co...

Page 118: ... Computer Locks Up If your computer locks up and does not respond when you type on the keyboard follow these steps 1 Some computer operations take longer than others to complete For example the computer takes longer to sort a database than to accept a single typed character If your computer is still locked after a reasonable length of time proceed to the next step 2 If you are running an applicati...

Page 119: ...necting the Keyboard in Chapter 1 for instructions 2 If nothing happens when you type on the keyboard see the previous section The Computer Locks Up 3 If the arrow keys are not working properly the Num Lock function may be on When Num Lock is on the numeric arrow keys on the numeric keypad work only as numbers See if the Num Lock indicator on the upper right comer of the keyboard is illuminated if...

Page 120: ...ter 5 If you are using the MGA card in your computer make sure the color mono switch on the back of the card is set correctly for your monitor See Connecting the Monitor in Chapter 1 for instructions Also check DIP switches 1 5 and 1 6 on the front panel of the computer to make sure they are set correctly See Appendix A for instructions on setting the DIP switches Note Many monitors display in onl...

Page 121: ...have inserted it upside down or it may not be inserted all the way Remove the diskette from the diskette drive and reinsert it with the label facing up and the read write slot leading into the drive See Chapter 2 for detailed instructions on inserting and removing diskettes 2 If reinserting the diskette does not solve the problem and you have access to another diskette drive of the same type place...

Page 122: ...to access data your diskette may be defective MS DOS error messages that may indicate a defective diskette include these Disk Drive Error Abort Ignore Retry Disk error reading drive d Disk error writing drive d If you see one of these messages make sure the diskette is properly inserted in the diskette drive and the diskette drive latch is closed Try the operation again If the problem persists try...

Page 123: ...r messages but there is something wrong with the data in a file MS DOS or an application program may have updated the storage information on the diskette incorrectly This is probably the case if you have one of these problems Part of a file is missing A file includes parts of other files An expected output file is missing To make the necessary repairs use the MS DOS program CHKDSK described in you...

Page 124: ...tempt any further examination of it Instead contact your Epson Customer Care Center Note Diskette drives may make different sounds with different diskettes 2 If your diskette drive read write heads are dirty you may occasionally see this MS DOS error message Error Reading Drive d Abort Retry or Fail To clean the read write heads use a diskette drive head cleaning kit available in most computer sto...

Page 125: ...DIR and press Enter If COMMAND COM exists in the root directory use the MS DOS COMPARE command to compare the COMMAND COM file on your diskette with the COMMAND COM file on the hard disk See your MS DOS Reference Manual for instructions on using COMPARE If the files do not match use the COPY command to replace COMMAND COM on the hard disk with the COMMAND COM file on your diskette Type the followi...

Page 126: ...ing destroys all the data currently on your hard disk so do this only after careful consideration and after trying the preceding steps 4 If your hard disk is producing a lot of read write errors or you are having other serious problems with it try running the Hard Disk Drive and Controller diagnostics check as described in Appendix D of this manual If the diagnostics program indicates an error con...

Page 127: ...m and that it is installed correctly If you have a hard disk and the program is stored in a directory on that drive make sure you are logged onto or specifying the correct directory If you don t have a hard disk make sure you have inserted the application program diskette in the top drive drive A 2 Your computer can run at either 4 77 or 10 MHz While almost all programs work properly at the faster...

Page 128: ...our printer does not work correctly immediately after you install it check that the printer has power and is properly connected to the computer Check Chapter 1 of this manual or see your printer manual for instructions on how to connect your printer to the computer Also make sure your printer has paper in it since many printers cannot operate without paper 2 Check the printer manual for the printe...

Page 129: ...what customization is required 6 Try running the Parallel Port Printer Interface Check if you have a parallel printer or the Serial Port RS 232C Check if you have a serial printer These diagnostics checks are described in Appendix D of this manual If the diagnostics test indicates an error contact the place where you bought the printer Option Card Problems If you install an option card and it is n...

Page 130: ... A for more information 4 If you used the option card to add an external device to your computer did you use the proper cable to connect the device to the option card connector on the back panel 5 Did you perform the correct setup procedures for the software you are using with the option card If necessary see your software manual for instructions on running the software setup procedure 5 14 Troubl...

Page 131: ...e DIP switches on your computer are set to provide the computer with information about its configuration Each time you turn on your computer it checks the DIP switch settings to verify the physical setup of your system The DIP switches are located underneath the cover on the front panel below the disk drives as shown below These switches are set at the factory for your particular configuration If ...

Page 132: ...n and factory setting of each DIP switch A switch is ON when it is up and OFF when it is down To change the setting use a hard thin object such as a small screwdriver or a pencil DIP Switch Set 1 Internal Operations The following table lists the system functions controlled by each switch in set 1 DIP switch set I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Keyboard type Coprocessor RAM size Monitor and adapter type Number of...

Page 133: ...uctions that came with the memory card to see if this is recommended Switches 5 and 6 monitor and adapter type define what type of monitor and video card you are using Set these switches as follows If you have a monochrome monitor and video card set both switches OFF If you have an EGA or VGA card set both switches ON no matter what type of monitor you have If you have a color graphics adapter and...

Page 134: ... information carefully Stitches 1 and 2 paralle port tell the computer how co access the built in parallel port The built in parallel port functions as either the primacy or secondary parallel port If you install an option card with its own parallel port you must set these two DIP switches so there is no conflict between the built in port and the additional port Here are some examples If you insta...

Page 135: ... the built in port and the additional port Here are some examples If you install an option card with a serial port pre set as primary by the manufacturer you must designate it as the primary port and make the built in port the secondary port If you install an option card or peripheral with a serial port not pre set you must designate it as the secondary serial port and the built in port as the pri...

Page 136: ... the setup information You probably already set the time and date when you first set up your computer but the Setup program provides another way to verify or change these values Similarly you could use the MS DOS MODE command instead of Setup to define the serial port parameters However unlike MODE Setup stores your settings permanently so you do not have to redefine them every time you load MS DO...

Page 137: ...lect the set up option The screen then displays the main Setup menu E x i t Real time clock Primary serial port Secondary serial port You use and to move the cursor block the highlighted bar through the options on this menu Once you highlight the option you want press Enter to select it Note Make sure the Num Lock function is off when your are using the Setup program otherwise the arrow keys do no...

Page 138: ...ck option to set the time and date for your computer Follow these steps to set the real time clock 1 Highlight the Real time clock option and press Enter You see the current setting for the time and date 17 10 54 Time 03 21 1989 Date 2 To change the time highlight Time and press Enter This box appears hh mm ss 3 Using a 24 hour time period enter the time in the exact format shown in the box Use tw...

Page 139: ...example to set the date for August 30 1989 you would type the following 08301989 If you enter an invalid date for example a number greater than 12 for the month or greater than the number of days in that month the computer keeps and ignores your entry Try again When the date is correct press Enter 6 When both the time and date are correct press once or twice to return to the main Setup menu The ti...

Page 140: ...ilt in serial port you can use the Primary serial port option to match the computer s parameters to the printer s settings This eliminates the need for you to use the MS DOS MODE command to set up the serial port when it is needed See the MS DOS Reference Manual for more information on the MODE command The primary serial port is the one that MS DOS recognizes as COM1 and is usually the built in se...

Page 141: ...ngs is identical for the primary and secondary serial ports Just follow the instructions below to set the parameters as needed See the manual for your serial device to determine which parameter settings it requires When you finish changing the settings highlight SAVE SETTINGS and press Enter to return to the Setup menu Baud rate To set the speed of communication highlight Baud rate and press Enter...

Page 142: ...k and press Enter Data length To change the data length value highlight Data length and press Enter The number changes from 8 to 7 or from 7 to 8 Press Enter again if you want to change back to the other number Stop bits To change the number of stop bits highlight Stop bits and press Enter The number changes from 1 to 2 or from 2 to 1 Press Enter again if you want to change back to the other numbe...

Page 143: ...ormation is correct If any setting is incorrect highlight Change settings and press Enter The main Setup menu appears and you can change the setting as necessary If you did not make any changes or you want to cancel the changes you made highlight Exit without saving and press Enter The Operation menu appears on the screen Press 0 and Enter to return to the MS DOS command prompt Note If you changed...

Page 144: ...artup diskette and displays the date prompt Press Enter once to accept the displayed date and a second time to accept the time The A prompt appears on the screen If the computer displays a setup error message while it is starting up run the Setup program again and check all your settings Note If you leave the Reference diskette in the drive and then select EXIT AND SAVE the computer loads the oper...

Page 145: ...tional 16KB ROM BIOS Programmable DMA controller with four channels two on the motherboard one for refreshing and one for diskette controller two available for user peripherals including a hard disk controller Programmable interrupt controllers 8 interrupt levels Three programmable timer counters Real time clock calendar and SO byte CMOS RAM for configuration battery back up Standard 8 bit paralle...

Page 146: ...ard l key numeric pad 10 function keys user definable Function keys Three levels normal shift alternate user definable Mass Storage Two internal drives maximum Standard diskette drive 5 1 4 inch half height diskette drive double sided double density 36OKB storage capacity Standard hard disk drive 5 1 4 inch or 3 1 2 inch 5 1 4 inch frame half height internal hard disk drive 20MB storage capacity O...

Page 147: ...peak Environmental Requirements Temperature Operating range 40 to 95 F 5 to 35 C Non operating range 5 to 140 F 15 to 60 C Humidity Operating range 20 to 80 non condensing Non operating range 10 to 90 non condensing Physical Characteristics Width 14 4 365 mm Depth 14 8 377 mm Height 5 7 145 mm Weight Apex 100 21 8 lbs 9 9 kg Apex 100 20 20 9 lbs 9 5 kg Specifications B 3 ...

Page 148: ...y low resolution text 80 character x 25 line display high resolution text 640 x 200 high resolution graphics 320 x 200 four colors 160 x 200 eight colors Other Apex Options Check with the store where you purchased your Apex computer for the following options Monitors RGB 13 inch color monitor with tilt swivel stand High contrast screen 16 colors etched surface to reduce glare 18 MHz video bandwidt...

Page 149: ...ps near letter quality C020011 Black ribbon 8755 Single bin cut sheet feeder 8348 24 pin 80 column dot matrix printer 180 cps draft 60 cps letter quality C019011 Black ribbon 7753 Single bin cut sheet feeder 7341A Optional letter quality font modules Courier 7400A Prestige 7401A Script 7402A 24 pin 136 column dot matrix printer 216 cps draft 72 cps letter quality C006021 Black ribbon 7754 Single b...

Page 150: ...T 750 Replacement ribbon 8758 Universal printer stand CPD 552 B Printer cable C1 9E B Serial interface board 8143 Intelligent serial interface board 8148 Intelligent IEEE 488 interface board 8165 Internal 300 1200 baud modem card C203A B External 300 1200 baud modem C202A B B 6 Specifications ...

Page 151: ...ATA 6 9 DATA 7 10 ACK 11 BUSY 12 PE 13 SLCT 14 AUTO FD 15 ERROR 16 INlT 17 SELECTIN 18 25 GND O O O O O O O O O I I I I O I O O STROBE Data Bit 0 Data Bit 1 Data Bit 2 Data Bit 3 Data Bit 4 Data Bit 5 Data Bit 6 Data Bit 7 Acknowledge Busy Paper empty Printer selected Auto paper feed Error Initialize Select in Ground Specifications B 7 ...

Page 152: ...eceived data Request to send I Clear to send I Data set ready Signal ground I Data carrier detect No connection O Data transmit ready No connection I Ring indicator No connection Note The following current loop functions are not supported Pin 9 Transmit current loop data Pin 11 Transmit current loop data Pin 18 Receive current loop data Pin 25 Receive current loop data B 8 Specifications ...

Page 153: ...n Assignments Signal name Pin no Pin no Signal name Strobe 1 13 Select Data bit 0 2 15 Error Auto feed 14 12 P END out of paper Init printer 16 10 Acknowledge Select input 17 11 Busy Output signal Input signal Serial Port Loop back Connector Pin Assignments Signal name Pin no Pin no Signal name Transmit data 2 3 Receive data Request to send 4 5 Clear to send Data terminal ready 20 6 Data set ready...

Page 154: ...nd halts system initialization The error message remains on the screen and you can no longer operate the computer If this happens contact your Customer Care Center as soon as possible Report both the error message and code number If the error is not serious the computer waits for you to resume further checking You see this prompt F1 key to resume Write down the error message and code number and th...

Page 155: ...sage and number to your Customer Care Center Timer and CMOS RAM Check After the computer successfully completes the system device check it checks the timer and CMOS RAM if the information contained in the RAM does not match the actual system installation it displays this message 161 System options not set Run SETUP in DIAGNOSTICS If the system clock has not been set you see this message 163 Time D...

Page 156: ...aulty RAM chips in your system you see this message nnnn0 201 Memory error Give the error message and number to your Customer Care Center Keyboard Controller and Keyboard Check Next the computer checks the keyboard controller and keyboard for problems such as failure of one of the keys to release If there are any errors in the connection between the keyboard and the computer you see this error mes...

Page 157: ... message 601 Diskette error If this error occurs make sure you have inserted the system diskette into drive A If this message still appears after you insert the diskette run the System diagnostics described in Appendix D and select option 6 from the DEVICE LIST If the error persists consult your Customer Care Center about having the drive repaired C 4 Power on Diagnostics ...

Page 158: ... location of the nearest Customer Care Center You can test the following devices each of which is identified by a specific reference number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 12 14 17 81 System Memory Keyboard Monochrome display adapter and CRT Color graphics adapter and CRT Floppy disk drives and controller Math coprocessor Parallel port printer interface Serial port RS 232C port Alternate serial port Dot matrix...

Page 159: ...devices that are connected to the system After these items are checked you see a list of the devices available for resting This list includes only the devices that are installed in your system and looks something like this The following devices have been installed DEVICE LIST 1 System board 2 Memory 3 Keyboard 5 Color graphics adapter and CRT 6 Floppy disk drives and controller 9 Parallel port pri...

Page 160: ...Monochrome display adapter and CRT Once you confirm the DEVICE LIST you can test only those items If you decide later that you need to add a device you must return to the OPERATION MENU and re select System diagnostics Modifying the DEVICE LIST If an installed device is missing from the DEVICE LIST it is important that you add it to the list and test it carefully In response to this prompt Is the ...

Page 161: ...adding devices press 0 followed by Enter to return to the Modify DEVICE LIST menu Note Even if you have both monochrome and color display adapter cards installed you can test only the months that is currently selected by DIP switches 1 5 and 1 6 on the front panel To remove a device from the list press 2 and Enter The screen displays the current DEVICE LIST and the prompt Enter the number of the i...

Page 162: ...ter Before the test begins you are asked how many times to perform the test You see this menu Number of times to test device 1 Run test one time 2 Run test multiple times 0 Exit Enter selection number You can specify that the test be performed one time only or any number of times in the range from 1 to 9999 In almost all cases running a test only once is sufficient Running a test multiple times is...

Page 163: ... an error code and error message appear If you want to record the problem you can print out the message on your printer You see this prompt Do you want a printout of the error message s Y N To continue without printing the error message press N and Enter Before you request a printout be sure your printer is turned on and online and the paper is installed correctly Then press Y and Enter If the pri...

Page 164: ...f this appendix describes the tests you can run on the system s internal devices and on the optional devices installed on your computer The program displays the title of each check on the screen Note For a complete list of the error codes and messages these tests may display see the table end of this chapter System Board Check Use this option to check the operation of each major component on the s...

Page 165: ...re incorrect check the DIP switches to make sure they match the installed memory Note This option does not check expanded memory above the 640KB memory limit imposed by MS DOS For this check the program writes specific data into memory and then reads it back The data is written and read in blocks of 64KB A parity check is also made on each block A count of memory is displayed after each block that...

Page 166: ...o that the test display matches the keys on your keyboard You see this menu KEYBOARD SELECT MENU 1 US ASCII 2 United Kingdom 3 French 4 German 5 Italian 6 Spanish 0 Exit Enter selection number Type the number of your keyboard layout then press Enter You can exit the keyboard test by pressing 0 and Enter After you select a keyboard layout the program displays the layout on the screen Press each key...

Page 167: ...from the DEVICE LIST and check that you selected the correct keyboard layout You can find diagrams of all the international keyboard layouts in the MS DOS Reference Manual If any key is incorrect press N and Enter Make a copy of the error code and message or print them out and contact your Customer Care Center Monochrome Display Adapter and CRT Check Use this option to check the operation of a mon...

Page 168: ...n error occurs during any of these tests record the error code and message or print them out Then contact your Customer Care Center When you finish running the monochrome adapter check press 0 and Enter to return to the DEVICE LIST Monochrome Adapter Check To check the monochrome adapter press 1 and then Enter The computer checks the video RAM display memory on the display adapter by writing certa...

Page 169: ...e display is correct If the display attributes are not correct adjust the brightness and contrast on your display monitor If they are still incorrect press N and Enter Contact your Customer Care Center to make sure that your monitor is able to display all the attributes available and to ensure that your monitor cable is not damaged Character Set Check To check your character set press 3 and then E...

Page 170: ...e screen Then press any key to end this check You can use this display to adjust the size of the display on the screen The vertical and horizontal adjustments are located on your monitor Sync Check This test is provided for service purposes only If you accidentally select this option press any key to end the test Run All Above Checks To run all the tests on the menu in sequence press 6 and Enter W...

Page 171: ... 3 Character set check 4 40 column character set check 5 320x200 graphics mode check 6 640x200 graphics mode check 7 Screen paging check 8 Light pen check 9 Color video check 10 Sync check 11 Run all above checks 0 Exit Enter selection number If you specified to run the color adapter check multiple times this menu does not appear and only the first test Color graphics adapter check is performed If...

Page 172: ...k the display attributes of the color graphics adapter card press 2 and Enter Several messages are displayed showing examples of all the possible display attributes and colors Check the information displayed on your screen and respond to the prompt Is the display correct Y N Press Y and then Enter if the display is correct If the colors are not correct adjust the controls on your display monitor I...

Page 173: ...or are displayed Check the characters displayed on your screen against this illustration After checking the characters respond to the prompt Is the display correct Y N If the characters displayed match the illustration press Y and then Enter If they do not match press N and Enter to display the error message D 16 Performing System Diagnostics ...

Page 174: ...d to the prompt Is the display correct Y N If the characters displayed match the illustration press Y and Enter If they do not match the illustration press N and Enter to display the error message 320x200 Graphics Mode Check To check your 320x200 graphics mode press 5 and then Enter The screen displays three colored squares light green brown and red against a cyan background These four colors are ...

Page 175: ...check the adjustment of your monitor and make sure that both ends of the cable are plugged in firmly If a problem still exists press N and Enter to display the error message 640x200 Graphics Mode Check To check your 640x200 graphics mode press 6 and Enter The screen displays three patterned squares against a black background as shown below If the patterns on your screen are clear and distinct pres...

Page 176: ...or graphics adapter is divided into eight independent display pages This test checks the eight pages by first filling all eight with a number corresponding to the page and then displaying each page in rum You see this pattern for screen 0 When you have examined this screen press any key to display the next page The eight display pages numbered 0 to 7 are displayed sequentially After the eighth pag...

Page 177: ...urn to the menu If you do not have a light pen attached press N and Enter To begin the test press Y and Enter You see this prompt PLACE LIGHT PEN ON CENTER OF WHITE BLOCK Touch the center of the white block on the screen with the light pen When the light pen is correctly positioned the block moves to another part of the screen for a second teat After three successful tests the check ends An error ...

Page 178: ...If all the colors are correct press Y and Enter to end the test If any color is displayed incorrectly check the adjustment of your monitor and make sure that both ends of the cable are plugged in firmly If a problem still exists press N and Enter to display the error message Sync Check This test is provided for service purposes only If you accidentally select this option press any key to end the t...

Page 179: ...leaving the diagnostics program see Formatting a Diskette below If you already have a formatted diskette go on to Starting the Floppy Disk Drive Check Formatting a Diskette To format a diskette without leaving diagnostics follow these steps 1 From the DEVICE LIST menu press 0 to exit The OPERATION MENU appears on the screen 2 Press 2 and Enter to select Format diskette If you have two diskette dri...

Page 180: ...r Y N You can format another diskette or return co the OPER4TION MENU Then press 3 and Enter to select Systemdiagnostics Starting the Floppy Disk Drive Check To run the floppy disk drive check select option 6 from the DEVICE LIST After you choose the number of times to run the test the screen displays this menu FLOPPY DISK DRIVE S AND CONTROLLER CHECK MENU l Sequential seek check 2 Randomseek chec...

Page 181: ...ntially from the innermost track to the outermost track The innermost track is track 39 for 360KB diskettes and track 79 for 720KB diskettes Select option 1 from the menu to start this test The program displays the number of each track it finds For example with a 360KB diskette the first message you see is Current track is 39 The track number counts down from 39 or 79 to 0 The seek is performed by...

Page 182: ...test Any data present may be erased If using drive A remove your Diagnostics Disk Enter Y to start this check Enter N to return to the menu Make sure the blank formatted diskette you prepared is in drive A then press Y and Enter The program displays the current track number as each cylinder is tested For example with a 360KB diskette the first message you see is Current track is 39 Speed Check Thi...

Page 183: ...ompt Disk is defective or not installed properly Press ENTER to return to the menu Run All Above Checks To run all the tests on the menu in sequence press 5 and then Enter When you choose this option all checks for the diskette in drive d and the controller are performed automatically in sequential order Although you do not start each test you must still supply the appropriate responses to progres...

Page 184: ...e built in port if you have assigned it as the secondary port or if you have installed an option card that provides a parallel port To perform the test you must insert a special loop back connector into the parallel port so that the computer can check the individual pins of the port Contact your Customer Care Center if you need a loop back connector or see Appendix B for signal pin assignments to ...

Page 185: ...vidual pins of the port This test is identical to the Parallel port check For more details see the description of the Parallel port printer interface check above Serial Port RS 232C Check Use this option to test the functions of the primary serial communications RS 232C port To perform the test you must insert a special loop back connector into the RS 232C port so that the computer can check the i...

Page 186: ...rn and the display informs you of the progress of the test If the port does not become ready correctly a timeout error occurs If any data received does not match the data sent a verify error occurs and the computer reports the transmitted and received data at the time of the error The final test is an echo back check during which the port sends data to itself at 9600 baud using various data format...

Page 187: ...ove Dot matrix Printer Check Use this option to check The operation of your printer in IBM compatibility mode The compatibility of your printer with the extended character set used by the computer The ability of your printer to produce bit image graphics and print images of the graphics screen When you select option 14 from the DEVICE LIST you see this prompt Is dot matrix printer on line Y N Chec...

Page 188: ... see in the illustration some printed characters may not be what you expect with certain software The bit image data is sent to the printer using a command ESC K compatible with Epson and IBM printers If this pattern is printed correctly you can use the MS DOS GRAPHICS program to print out copies of graphics screens Note Even if the test runs only for a short time your printer may store many chara...

Page 189: ... If you have more than one drive each time you select a test you see this prompt Check which drive C D Press C or D and then Enter Seek Check This test checks the ability of the read write heads to locate any part of the hard disk This action by a mad write head is called a seek During this test each head seeks each cylinder of the disk in sequence starting from the center Select option 1 from the...

Page 190: ...is check Enter N to return to the menu Press Y and then Enter to continue with the test You do not see a cylinder count during the test If no errors occur the program returns to the menu If an error is reported make a note of the code and message Then use the Non destructive surface analysis option 4 on the HARD DISK FORMAT MENU to check the condition of the hard disk If this analysis shows no oth...

Page 191: ...check Enter Y to start this check Enter N to return to the menu Press Y and then Enter to continue with the test If no errors occur the program returns to the menu An error occurs only if the drive is malfunctioning In this case back up all your files and have the drive serviced immediately The drive may be corrupting your data Read Verify Check This test reads and verifies data from all tracks of...

Page 192: ... surface analysis described in Appendix E Run All Above Checks To run all the tests on the menu in sequence press 5 and then Enter When you choose this option all checks for the hard disk drives and controller are performed automatically in sequential order Although you do not start each test you must still supply the appropriate responses to progress from one test to the next The first prompt you...

Page 193: ...111 146818 CMOS BATTERY ERROR 112 146818 CMOS CHECKSUM ERROR 113 8088 INSTRUCTION ERROR Memory 201 MEMORY PARlTY ERROR Keyboard 301 8048 ERROR 302 NON STANDARD OR DEFECTIVE KEYBOARD Monochrome display adapter and CRT 401 V RAM ERROR 402 VIDEO SIGNAL ALWAYS HIGH LOW 403 ATTRIBUTE ERROR 404 CHARACTER SET ERROR Color graphics adapter and CRT 501 V RAM ERROR 503 ATTRIBUTE ERROR 504 CHARACTER SET ERROR...

Page 194: ...RO DIVIDE MASK ERROR 707 COPROCESSOR ADDITION ERROR 708 COPROCESSOR SUBTRACTION ERROR 709 COPROCESSOR MULTIPLICATION ERROR 710 COPROCESSOR PRECISION ERROR Parallel port 901 ERROR PIN p Parallel port on video adapter 8101 ERROR PIN p Serial port RS 232C 1101 ERROR DTR DSR DSR ALWAYS HIGH LOW 1101 ERROR RTS CTS CTS ALWAYS HIGH LOW 1102 TIMEOUT ERROR 1103 VERIFY ERROR Alternate serial port 1201 ERROR...

Page 195: ...Error code Message Hard disk drives and controller 1701 SEEK ERROR 1702 WRITE ERROR 1703 READ ERROR 1705 ERROR DETECTION ERROR 1706 ERROR CORRECTION ERROR D 38 Performing System Diagnostics ...

Page 196: ...her serious problems with the disk Sometimes after a hard disk has been used for a long time the magnetic signals on the surface of the disk begin to weaken and this causes the disk to frequently produce errors You may need to reformat the disk in this case You have installed a different hard disk in your computer that has never received the low level format WARNING Physically formatting the hard ...

Page 197: ...and checking options appears HARD DISK FORMAT MENU 1 Conditional format Normal 2 Unconditional format 3 Destructive surface analysis 4 Non destructive surface analysis 0 Exit Enter selection number These options work as follows Conditional format Normal scans the disk for bad tracks that have been flagged formats the disk and then reflags the bad tracks so they are never used to store data You can...

Page 198: ...e surface analysis on a disk that has never been formatted The type of format you choose depends on whether you are reformatting a disk that has been used or formatting a new disk for the first time See the recommendations below Reformatting a Used Disk If you are reformatting a disk you have been using that appears to be damaged follow these steps 1 Use the Non destructive surface analysis test t...

Page 199: ...t appear and you see a count of the flagged tracks and good tracks do the following If the count of flagged bad tracks matches the number of bad tracks on the list that came with the disk the disk has been formatted properly and you do not need to do anything else You can cancel formatting at this point If the list of bad tracks provided with the disk contains bad tracks but the Conditional format...

Page 200: ...ind all tracks flagged as bad starting from the innermost cylinder of the disk During the scan you see the number of the cylinder the program is currently checking For example if you have a hard disk the first messages you see are Format Hard Disk Scanning for flagged bad tracks Current cylinder is nnn When the scan is complete the program displays information about the condition of the disk like ...

Page 201: ... and prompt DOUBLE CHECK THAT YOU HAVE BACKUP DISKETTE COPIES OF ALL YOUR FILES Do you want to exit and check your file copies Y N When you are certain no valuable data will be destroyed press N and Enter If you cancel formatting at either stage you see these messages Format cancelled Press ENTER to return to the menu If you continue with formatting you see Now formatting When formatting is comple...

Page 202: ...Format below 2 Run the Destructive surface analysis Option 3 to flag any remaining bad tracks See Destructive Surface Analysis which appears later in this appendix 3 Run the Conditional format again No errors should occur if one does contact the dealer who sold you the disk Unconditional Format Use this option to format your hard disk when you want to enter the list of bad tracks before formatting...

Page 203: ...given the option to change the interleave factor for formatting from the default value of three Only do this if the documentation with your hard disk recommends a different value You see this prompt Do you want default interleave of 3 Y N To accept the default press Y and Enter To change the value press N and Enter YOU see this prompt Enter interleave factor 1 16 Type the recommended value and pre...

Page 204: ...You see this message Table unchanged If you enter an invalid cylinder or head number a reminder of the range of values appears and the program asks you to enter the value again When you complete a valid entry it appears in the table and you can select another command If you make a mistake move the cursor block to the incorrect track and press C to alter the track data Or you can press D to remove ...

Page 205: ...sk except for tracks that are already flagged as bad tracks To start the test press 3 and then Enter You see these messages Analyze Hard Disk Read Save Write Read Restore Read check for all tracks Current cylinder is nnn As each track is checked the cylinder number nnn counts down to zero When the analysis is complete the program displays a complete report on the status of the disk including a tab...

Page 206: ...ess Enter to return to the HARD DISK FORMAT MENU Non destructive Surface Analysis The Non destructive surface analysis does not destroy any data and can safely be used to check the condition of your hard disk drive However this test does not flag any bad tracks it detects To start the test press 4 and then Enter You see these messages Analyze Hard Disk Read Verify check for all tracks Current cyli...

Page 207: ...ks If no errors occur you see this message No read verify error was detected If errors are found the program displays a table of the tracks that gave errors similar to the one displayed by the destructive analysis After the status reports you see this message Press ENTER to return to the menu Check the information displayed then press Enter E 12 Physically Formatting a Hard Disk ...

Page 208: ...all MS DOS on the disk Use COPY to copy the remaining MS DOS file to the hard disk Create an AUTOEXEC BAT file on the hard disk Note These instructions describe how to prepare the entire hard disk for use by MS DOS If you are using a different operating system use it to prepare the hard disk Before you can use FDISK and SELECT your hard disk must have received a low leve1 format This type of forma...

Page 209: ...g BACKUP Creating the MS DOS Partition You need to partition the hard disk so it can run MS DOS Follow the steps below to create a primary partition on your hard disk for MS DOS Note These instructions describe how to create a single primary partition of 20MB You can however use FDISK to create an extended partition in addition to the primary partition dividing the 20MB of storage between the two ...

Page 210: ...S partition active Y N Press Y to use the entire hard disk for MS DOS and press Enter The screen displays the following message and prompt System will now restart Insert DOS diskette in drive A Press any key when ready Press any key to restart the system the Startup diskette is already in drive A Your computer begins reloading MS DOS After the preliminary copyright information appears on the scree...

Page 211: ... to the hard disk After you have done this MS DOS boots automatically from this partition on the hard disk every time you turn on or reset your computer as long as there is no diskette in drive A Follow these steps to format the new partition 1 Insert the working copy of your MS DOS Startup diskette in drive A if it is not there already and turn on the computer if necessary 2 At the A prompt type ...

Page 212: ...ging head and cylinder numbers Resides formatting the hard disk partition SELECT copies the operating system files to the hard disk When the procedure is complete the screen displays the following Format Complete System Transferred Volume Label 11 characters ENTER for none 5 It is a good idea to enter a name label for the partition to protect it from being accidentally formatted later If you want ...

Page 213: ...instructions below to copy the files on your ocher MS DOS diskettes and the Reference diskette to drive C the partition on the hard disk 1 Remove the MS DOS Startup diskette from drive A and insert the diskette labelled Operating 1 in the drive 2 You should still be logged onto drive A If not type A and press Enter 3 At the A prompt type the following and press Enter COPY C DOS MS DOS copies all t...

Page 214: ... BAT file in the root directory of the hard disk Once this file exists on the hard disk your computer automatically executes several commands every time you turn on or reset the computer Specifically it does the following Bypasses the date and time prompts Defines a path to all the MS DOS commands in the DOS directory Changes the command prompt to reflect the current directory Note The AUTOEXEC BA...

Page 215: ...l key and press Z Then press Enter Booting From the Hard Disk Now you can load MS DOS from drive C on your hard disk Be sure there is no diskette in drive A when you turn on or reset your computer Otherwise the computer tries to load MS DOS from the diskette in drive A If drive A is empty or the latch is up MS DOS is booted from drive C F 8 Preparing a Hard Disk for Use ...

Page 216: ......

Page 217: ...coding system for representing characters such as numbers letters and graphic symbols An ASCII character occupies one byte of storage Files transmitted in ASCII code can be used by many different computers printers and Programs Asynchronous A method of data transmission in which one machine sends data one character at a time to another without either machine preparing for the transmission AUTOEXEC...

Page 218: ...ge The value of a bit represents the presence 1 or absence 0 of an electric charge Boot To load the operating system or a program into the computer s memory Byte A sequence or group of eight bits that represents one character CGA Color Graphics Adapter A type of circuit board that is installed in one of the computer s I O slots that can generate up to 25 lines of text with 80 characters on each li...

Page 219: ...The particular setup of a group of components For example a typical system configuration consists of a computer with one diskette drive and one hard disk drive and a monitor connected to a printer Control code A command generated when you hold down Ctrl and press another key on the keyboard that instructs your computer to perform a specific function Coprocessor An optional device that enables the ...

Page 220: ...data files as opposed to program files Data length The number of bits per character in serial transmissions Default Values or settings that take effect when the computer is turned on or reset A default value stays in effect unless you override it temporarily by changing a setting or you reset the default value itself Default directory The directory where MS DOS executes your next command unless yo...

Page 221: ...nitor or a printer Diagnostics The tests and procedures the computer performs to check its internal circuitry and set up its configuration DIP switch A small switch on a computer option card or printer that controls a particular function DIP stands for Dual In line Package Directory A list of files stored in a particular area on a disk part of a structure for organizing files into groups A directo...

Page 222: ... graphics Also known as video card DOS The Disk Operating System that controls the computer s input and output functions See Operating system Double density A type of diskette format that allows you to store twice as much data as the standard density format A 5 1 4 inch double density diskette can store 360KB of data A 3 1 2 inch double density diskette can store 720KB of data Drive designator The...

Page 223: ...ed partition Extension A suffix of up to three characters that can be added to a file name to better identify it External command An MS DOS command stored in a program file with the extension COM or EXE MS DOS must be able to find the program file to execute the command See also Internal command File A group of related pieces of information called records or entries stored together on a disk Text ...

Page 224: ...t used to store data permanently Unlike a diskette it is fixed in place It can process data more rapidly and store many more files than a diskette Hardware Any physical component of a computer system such as a monitor printer keyboard or CPU Hexadecimal A base 16 numbering system frequently used by programmers Any decimal number between 0 and 255 can be represented by a two digit hexadecimal numbe...

Page 225: ...ion Keyboard A device resembling a typewriter keyboard to enter letters and numbers to the computer Kilobyte KB A unit used to measure storage space in a computer s memory or on a disk One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes Math coprocessor An optional device that enables the computer to process certain mathematical calculations faster Megabyte Text A unit used to measure storage space in a computer s mem...

Page 226: ...ows a computer to transmit signals over telephone lines so it can send and receive data Modem stands for MOdulator DEModulator Monitor The piece of hardware that contains the screen and displays information Monochrome monitor A monitor that displays in only one color such as green or amber as opposed to a color monitor which can display in several colors Mouse A hand held pointing device with one ...

Page 227: ...ns The operating system determines how programs run on the computer and supervises all input and output Option card A circuit board you install inside the computer to provide additional capabilities such as a modem a hard disk controller or a mouse Parallel The type of interface that transmits data in groups of bits See Interface and Serial Parameter A qualifier added to a command that tells the c...

Page 228: ...bdirectory BUSINESS of the root directory is BUSINESS SALES Peripheral A device such as a printer or a modem connected to a computer that depends on the computer for its operation Port A physical input output socket on a computer where you can connect a peripheral device Power on diagnostics The system tests the computer runs to check its internal circuitry and configuration each time you turn it ...

Page 229: ...e disk and displays it on the screen Read write head The physical device inside a disk drive that reads and records data on the magnetic surface of a disk Real time clock A battery powered clock inside the computer that keeps track of the rime and date even when the computer is turned off Relative pathname A pathname that does not begin with the backslash character A relative pathname tells MS DOS...

Page 230: ...or of other subdirectories RS 232C A widely used standard type of serial interface You can easily connect an RS 232C compatible device to the computer Sector A contiguous section of a disk track that provides an address at which the computer can access data Self test The initial diagnostics procedures a system performs to check its hardware Serial The type of interface that transmits data one bit ...

Page 231: ...MS DOS command that modifies the way the command works Switches are usually preceded by a forward slash For example if you add the S switch to a FORMAT command MS DOS installs the operating system on a diskette as it formats it See Parameters System diagnostics A series of checks you can perform on the computer to make sure the hardware is functioning correctly System diskette A diskette that cont...

Page 232: ...deo card The display adapter card that is installed in one of the computer s option slots The video card provides the interface to which you connect the monitor and it controls the way the monitor displays text and graphics Wildcard A character that represents any character or group of characters The wildcard character asterisk represents a group of characters and the wildcard character question m...

Page 233: ... COM2 A 5 Command format 3 7 command prompt 1 17 19 COMMAND COM 5 9 F 7 Conditional format E 2 E 5 7 Configuring the system A 1 14 Consumer Information Center number Intro 3 Control codes CTRL ALT DEL 2 5 CTRL BREAK 2 4 CTRL C 2 4 Controllers B 1 COPY 3 10 12 F 6 Copying diskettes 3 29 32 files 3 10 12 system diskettes 1 21 24 Cover removing 4 2 3 replacing 4 8 9 CPU speed 2 1 CTRL ALT DEL 2 5 CTR...

Page 234: ... 2 3 removing diskettes 2 11 13 single 2 15 16 3 28 3 32 seek check C 4 types 2 8 9 Diskettes hacking up 2 14 15 caring for 2 9 10 choosing 2 8 9 compatibility 2 8 9 copying 3 29 32 directories on 3 17 formatting 3 26 28 inserting 2 11 13 labeling 2 10 problems 5 5 8 read write slot 2 8 removing 2 11 13 storing 2 10 swapping 2 15 system 3 4 types 2 8 9 write protecting 2 13 14 Display adapters see...

Page 235: ...ing E 1 12 precautions 2 11 preparing for moving 2 18 preparing for use F 1 8 problems 5 9 11 HDCACHE 3 45 HDSIT 2 18 HELP program 3 34 36 Help where to get Intro 3 3 4 I Interfaces B 1 2 Internal command J Jumper changing 4 12 K Keyboard adjusting angle 1 13 cable 1 12 cable socket 1 12 check D 9 10 connecting 1 11 13 connector pin assignments B 9 controller and keyboard check C 3 DIP switch A 3 ...

Page 236: ...2 13 starting 3 2 starting from bard disk 1 15 3 2 N Non destructive surface analysis E 3 E 11 12 O Option cards 4 1 4 4 12 configuring 4 9 disk drive controller 4 10 12 installing 4 4 8 problems 5 13 14 removing 4 8 testing 4 10 Option slots 4 1 4 4 7 Options installing 4 1 12 P Parallel cable 1 7 8 interface 1 7 8 port 1 7 port check D 27 28 port DIP switches A 4 5 port loop back connector pin a...

Page 237: ... 6 7 SELECT F 4 6 Serial cable 1 9 interface 1 9 10 port 1 9 10 port check RS 232C D 28 29 port DIP switches A 5 port loop back connector pin assignments B 9 port pin assignments B 10 port primary A 4 5 A 10 12 port secondary A 4 5 A 10 12 port settings A 10 12 Setting up 1 1 24 Setup menu A 7 Setup program A 6 14 real time clock A 8 10 serial port settings A 10 12 Software problems 5 11 12 Speake...

Page 238: ...A 1 4 A 3 D 3 MGA Intro 1 1 2 1 4 6 4 4 4 8 5 4 Monochrome Display Adapter and CRT Check D 10 13 Video graphics array VGA card see Video cards Video monitors B 4 Video options B 4 W Wildcard characters 3 11 12 Write protect notch 2 13 Write protect switch 2 14 Write protect tab 2 13 Write protecting diskettes 2 13 14 X XCOPY 3 29 3 38 XTREE 3 29 3 39 42 6 Index ...

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