background image

6.13.1 - Curves

Figure 6.13.3

94

95

The back panel view of E-PR-

device is shown at the below figure.

There are

slots at the back panel.

110

4

7 - CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

Power and

Communication

Slot

Slot 4

Slot 3

Slot 2

Slot 1

Figure 7.1

E-PR-

Rear Panel

110

Before making any connection,
the protective earth terminal
should be connected.

M3

Protective Earth

Connection

Screw

T

is fixed for every device and Power Supply,

Transmitter Supply, RS-485 and Ethernet connections are made to this slot

. Slots 1- can be any of Analog Input, Digital Input,

Digital Output, Analog Output or Relay Output depending on configuration.

he Power and Communication Slot

(see.Figure 7.2, Appendix 1)

4

- Digital Input (16 Channels, DIN)
- Digital Output (16 Channels, DOUT)
- Relay Output (6 Channels, RELAY)

- Analog Input (3 Channels, AIN)
- Analog Input (6 Channels, AIN)
- Analog Output (4 Channels, AOUT)

Summary of Contents for E-PR-110 Series

Page 1: ...RKEY Phone 90 312 212 64 50 Fax 90 312 212 41 43 www elimko com tr e mail elimko elimko com tr User Manual Manufacturer Technical Support Elimko Electronic Production and Control Co Ltd 8 Avenue 21 Street No 16 06510 Emek Ankara TURKEY Phone 90 312 212 64 50 Fax 90 312 212 41 43 www elimko com tr e mail elimko elimko com tr ...

Page 2: ...l Mounting 5 USAGE 5 1 Front Panel 5 2 Trend Page 5 3 Bar Graphic Page 5 4 Digital View Page 5 5 Overview Page 5 6 Alarm Log 5 7 Totalizer Log 5 8 Instrument Log 5 9 Operator Log 5 10 Digital Log 5 11 Digital 2 6 MENU PAGES 6 1 Adjusting Parameters 6 2 Main Menu 6 3 Device Page 6 4 Security Page 6 5 Hardware Page 6 5 1 Slot Adjustments 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ...

Page 3: ...panel mounting and should be used in industrial environment The package of E PR 110 recorder contains Recorder 2 pieces of mounting clamps 1 piece M3 bolt nut User Manual Guarantee Certificate Elimko Data Explorer Pro Cd After opening the package please check the contents with the above list If the delivered product is wrong type any item is missing or there are visible defects contact the vendor ...

Page 4: ... Outputs Standard RS 485 communication port 10 100 Mbit Ethernet Port Wi Fi Optional USB Host Port 4 1 Type Coding Operating Voltage 0 85 265 VAC 50 60 Hz 85 375 V DC E PR 110 S1 S2 S3 S4 Y Z Example 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Empty 03 Analog Input 06 Analog Input 06 Relay Output 16 Digital Input 16 Digital Output 04 Analog Output Wi Fi 0 1 Without Wi Fi With Wi Fi NOTE The total number of relay and analog out...

Page 5: ...e different authority Max for 5 user Max 12 two wire transmitter Front Panel IP65 Rear Panel IP20 Password Protection Protection Class Max 18 Relay Outputs SPST NO 250 V AC 5 A Mechanical Life 10 000 000 operation The relay life depends on the usage configuration Electrical Life 1 000 000 operation 1 10 load Transmitter Supply 2 Approx 1 6 kg 1 Configuration dependent Number of analog outputs rela...

Page 6: ...nd metal tools E PR 110 does not include a power switch Therefore the power supply of the device and power outputs must be wired through the proper fuse or circuit breaker To minimize the pick up of electrical noise the wiring of low voltage lines particularly the sensor input should be routed away from the high current power cables Where it is not possible use shielded cables which are grounded T...

Page 7: ...blue see Figure 5 1 Title area 5 1 Front Panel During normal operation the operation buttons are hidden to increase the display area Hidden operation buttons can be made visible by touching the bottom of the screen see Figure 5 2 Explanations are give in Figure 5 2 regarding the operation buttons Figure 5 2 Operation Buttons The capacitive touch sensor device only works with the human hand and cap...

Page 8: ...e operator should press this button and reach the connection page After entering SSID and password pressing Connect trys to establish a new connection with given information 5 2 Trend Page Traces process values and alarm states of the channels in selected group are viewed By pressing button the menu given Figure 5 5 is opened In Trend Page while not in History mode newest recorded data is drawn on...

Page 9: ... opened or closed in Traces Menu Starts a new batch Selects Historical mode The axis of the channel to be seen on the trend can be chosen with this parameter Adds operator messages User must login in order to reach this menu See Section 6 MENU PAGES Exits the screen The same operation can be performed by touching an empty area on the screen One Grid Forward One Grid Back Open Stop Batch Go To Date...

Page 10: ...d recorded batches Start Stop batch operations can also be performed with a barcode reader Start Batch Operator Menu Start Batch Batch Name Operator Part No Serial No Start Stop Batch see Appendix 4 Figure 5 6 Start Batch Screen 5 3 Bar Graphic Page Process Value Alarm 1 Alarm 2 Scale Channel Name In Bar Graphic Page bar graphics process values and alarm states of 6 channels in selected group are ...

Page 11: ...n To reset the totalizer of an individual source select the corresponing source name in sub menus of Reset Totalizer menu To reset the totalizers of all sources in selected group can be selected Adds a operator message It is only active when the user is logged in All Add Operator Message See Section 6 MENU PAGES Reset Totalizer Add Operator Message Exit Totalizer and Unit Process Value Alarm State...

Page 12: ...tation some of the process groups appears intermittently 5 6 Alarm Log Operator Menu for Alarm Page can be opened with button Alarms are acknowledged by selecting parameter Acknowledge Alarms Acknowledge Exit The last occurred and released 10000 alarms with date and definitions are listed in Alarm Page The latest alarm is on the top of the list The list can be scrolled by pressing and buttons Acti...

Page 13: ...and buttons are used to scroll the list up or down Source Name record date totalizer value and unit of the last recorded 10000 totalizer values are listed in Totalizer Page The last recorded totalizer is displayed at the top of the list Totalizer values can be scrolled by and buttons A new totalizer log is added when the Logging Source of any totalizer is asserted RTC channels can be used for peri...

Page 14: ...e Section 5 2 TREND PAGE 5 4 DIGITAL VIEW PAGE Figure 5 14 Operator Log screen 5 10 Digital Log Operator Menu for Digital Log Page can be opened by pressing button Digital Logs are acknowledged by selecting digital logs menu Acknowledge Acknowledge Exit Figure 5 15 Digital Log screen Source Name record date and definition of the last recorded 65536 digital log values are listed in Digital Log Page...

Page 15: ... password are asked After selecting UserName and Password main menu is reached by either pressing MENU or LOGIN button LOGIN access does not require authentication on subsequent entries until LOGOUT is pressed from Main Menu Depending on previously defined authorization rights some of the sub menus may appear disabled Default values for the user password are given See Section 6 4 Security Figure 6...

Page 16: ...ssed from the main menu are described in the sections indicated in button allows access to the operating system All operating systems menus are hidden as factory settings To access to the start menu of the OS pointer of the mouse connected to the USB port must be dragged down to the bottom edge of the screen Please check the section for button button allows operator to exit from the main menu butt...

Page 17: ...stablished The NTP Server name is entered Tag NTP NTP Server NTP Server Figure 6 3 Device Page 6 4 Security Page User names passwords and access rights of users are determined in Security Page There is no restriction for user rights and access rights of other users are determined by user ADMIN ADMIN User Name Password Access Rights Determines the user that will be adjusted Determines the user name...

Page 18: ... window should be selected All of the cards are calibrated in the factory and do not need recalibration There is no testing and calibration page for digital input cards The calibration parameter adjutment resides in this tab Any erroneous operation in Analog Input Card Calibration Page will corrupt the calibration parameter and measurements become faulty The parameters of this page are adjusted by...

Page 19: ... NTC 3 k 20 mA 10 V 390 Ohm 390 Ohm Line Set the calibrator as a millivolt source and adjust the calibrator output 50 000 mV Apply the calibrator output to the millivolt input of the related channel Set the calibrator as a resistance source and adjust the calibrator output 3000 00 Ohm Short circuit the TC input terminals of the related channels Apply the calibrator output to the input terminals of...

Page 20: ...channel and calibration type turn burgundy the calibration value turns yellow A Voltmeter 3 4 or ampermeter 1 2 is connected to the outlet of the channel depending on the type of calibration of the selected channel The value of the calibration is set using the up and down keys For ease of calibration up and down keys are given as two pieces of 100 levels and 10 levels 100 steps for coarse changes ...

Page 21: ...tings and restarts the device IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway Save Figure 6 12 Hardware Ethernet Page Manual Set 6 5 3 Serial Port Adjustment Figure 6 13 Hardware Serial Port screen Communication parameters of the RS 485 port Boud Rate Parity and Stop Bit are adjusted in this tab Modbus Type Set as either master or slave Determines modbus slave communication address Only functional when sla...

Page 22: ...channels can be configured as desired In addition to trace colors the background and foreground standart text color and line color can be chosen Please take precaution while assigning the colors in order to prevent conflicting color selection Assigning same colors to the channels may cause confusion and setting same color to background and any of the channels causes the channel traces disappear Fi...

Page 23: ...s long alarm off message Maximum 100 characters long alarm on message When any of digital becomes ON the relay output activates energised Source 1 to 5 Determines the PWM period when a PWM Source other than the PID Sources is assigned PWM Period Name Description Off Message On Message Source 1 5 PWM Source 6 6 2 Digital Output Card Adjustments Please see section 6 6 1 for a description of paramete...

Page 24: ... RT sensors in the case of sensor break depending on parameter The parameter determines the scale for linear inputs Sensor Break Determines process value in the case of sensor break Process value will be equal to Zero when is selected and will be equal to Span when SET HIGH is selected SET LOW Miliamper Milivolt Ohm Volt INPUT Min Input Max Input 20 mA 2000 mV 0 ohm 10 V 20 mA 2000 mV 5000 ohm 10 ...

Page 25: ...ts 6 6 3 Analog Input Card Adjustments CJ Type CJ Source and CJ temperature parameters are active only TC inputs For TC sensor connection should be used when the CJ Type is selected as EXTERNAL See Figure 6 25 E CJ NTC 01 compensation sensor ...

Page 26: ... to 20 mA for outputs should be in the range of 0 to 10 V mA Volt Maximum 50 characters long description Determines the analog source by which the analog output is controlled Output type mA or Volt can be selected Only one of them can be activated at a time Name Description Source Type Min Max Zero Span Maximum value of the output For outputs the value should be in the range of 0 to 20 mA for outp...

Page 27: ...be averaged for alarm calculations Any of alarm types can be assigned to alarms Please check and for output forms OFF LOW HIGH SLOW RATE FAST RATE Figure 6 30 Figure 6 31 Defines set point for LOW and HIGH alarm types deviation for SLOW RATE and FAST RATE types Defines alarm hysteresis for LOW and HIGH alarms Name Type Set Deviation Hysteresis Delay Derivation Time Off Mesajý On mesajý Filter Maxi...

Page 28: ...F Slow Fast Rate Alarm Slow Rate ON OFF Fast Rate 6 6 5 Alarm adjustments Working forms of alarm types are described below Set OFF ON Low Alarm High Alarm Set Hysteresis ON OFF Figure 6 32 Low and High Alarm Forms Figure 6 33 Slow Rate and Fast Rate Alarm Forms Hysteresis ...

Page 29: ...iod of the internal ADCs are fixed at 100 ms regardless of recording period For each recording period option certain number of sampled values are collected depending on selected recording period Total Number Of Samples Recording Period ms 100 Filter parameter determines the way how these sampled values will be processed prior to the recording If set for filtering the value at the time of recording...

Page 30: ...orruption When the internal memory is full old records are either deleted or backup depending on Backup Type Please see for backup configuration Memory Usage Bytes 86400 Recording Period sec 4 Archive Page see Section 6 10 6 6 8 Digital Input Card adjustments The name of the related digital input can be written by this parameter maximum length of 12 characters Maximum 50 characters long descriptio...

Page 31: ...nection Time Out Address IP Address Function Reg Start Adr Reg Count This parameter determines connection type When selected as OFF the channel is disabled and is closed for message transaction Available connections are RS 485 and TCP Starting adress of modbus reading query This parameter defines modbus slave address of RS 485 modbus connection and can be set between 1 and 127 This parameter deter...

Page 32: ...alog Mathematics and 16 Digital Mathematics channel are available on device Analog math channel parameters are same as the slot analog channel parameters except the input parameters Instead of input selection equations are assigned for math channels Digital math channel parameters are same as the slot digital channel parameters except the recording parameters Periodic recording is not available fo...

Page 33: ...nnels RTC Page 3 Figure 6 4 Real Time 2 Graphic Period Start End Period Start End Every Minute 0 5 Start End and parameters determine the real time interval in which the related real time source will be active as shown below For example if and are adjusted as respectively the related channel will be active in first 5 seconds of every minute Unit of and parameters are in seconds Real Time channels ...

Page 34: ... be determined with maximum 12 characters Maximum 50 characters long description Determines minimum value of the scale Determines maximum value of the scale Figure 6 49 Changing alarm set values 6 8 1 Changing Alarm Set Values in Trend View While the user is in Trend view the alarm set value can be changed by touching the defined channel See Figure 6 49 In order for the user to access the Alarm Se...

Page 35: ...cally by digital inputs which is enabled in the group configuration by assigning the Start Input parameter of the relevant group to one of the digital inputs available in the device Batches for which the Start Input function has been defined by the digital input are activated when the assigned digital input is asserted and continues as long as the digital input is active The last registered operat...

Page 36: ... Source Selection Page 69 6 8 2 Batch Start Input Figure 6 56 Figure 6 57 Figure 6 56 Figure 6 58 shows the typical view of a running batch in which the batch number is shown in pink at the top of the page In another view which is shown in batch number dissapears upon completion of running batch Likewise the shows another running batch with automatically incremented batch number Figure 6 56 Typica...

Page 37: ...or menu Open Stops Batch opens batch management window in which user can stop running batches and open completed batches for review Figure 6 60 Press to select Open Stop Batch 6 8 2 Batch Start Input Figure 6 61 GROUP 1 Batches with a running batch Figure 6 62 GROUP 1 Batches after stop operation ...

Page 38: ...ep Count Determines number of linearization steps It can be maximum 20 steps X Determined percentage of the input values in the respective linearization step Table Name 10 character long table name Up to 10 custom linearization tables can be defined for linear channels These tables define input and output relations for non standart sensors Y Up Down Both keys can be used to scroll between steps X ...

Page 39: ...f either periodic data synchronization or memory extension by selecting or respectively COMPLETE BACKUP MEMORY EXTENSION Sync Direction DEVICE TO DISC DISC TO DEVICE determines synchronization direction option transfers the data from device to external disc does the reverse operation Sync Direction Directory Name Sync Type Three different data transfer options are available for synchronization opt...

Page 40: ...User Account Password User Account Name Example settings for free Google mail service smtp google com 587 ON Server Port SSL Figure 6 E MAIL Server Page 68 Recorder can be configured to send e mail reports contaning instanteneous process values and states up to 4 recipients at adjustable periodic times or by multiple configurable triggers such as sources and general events 6 11 1 Server Adjustment...

Page 41: ... left blank Source 1 8 Up to 8 sources which will trigger e mail notification to the recipients can be defined For periodic e mail notification one of the real time channels with required interval should be assigned to any of the sources Figure 6 E MAIL Server Page 69 Figure 6 E MAIL Sources Page 70 ...

Page 42: ...operator log is added ON or OFF selectable If ON is selected a new e mail is sent when an alarm occurs ON or OFF selectable If ON is selected a new e mail is sent when a new digital log is added Figure 6 E MAIL Events Page 71 6 12 PID Figure 6 72 PID configuration window PID configuration window is accessed from MAIN MENU by pressing PID button 12 PID control loop with different control parameters...

Page 43: ...able should be in mind For instance cooling outputs causes a reverse reaction of temperature output REVERSE FORWARD Name Input Source Set Type Description Min Set Min Out Max Set Max Out PID Source PID Source to be configured Maximum 12 characters can be entered Defines the PID Source name Maximum 50 characters can be entered Additional explanation can be entered Determines PID control loop input ...

Page 44: ...hen the digital output sources are used for control signal PWM sources of the digital sources should be assigned to the PID source to be directed 6 12 PID Figure 6 74 Definition of PID Source to Relay Output When the fisrt group channel of a group is assigned to a PID source usual Trend View appears different and turns to PID control page form which provides a clear display of PID process variable...

Page 45: ...87 86 Figure 6 76 PID Control Page 6 12 PID 6 12 PID Proses Value Set Value Output Value ...

Page 46: ... value can be adjusted y Figure 6 PID 77 Control Page Figure 6 7 also shows Overview Page 7 the in which a PID source directed relay output with output value rather than output state is visible 6 13 PROFILE 16 different profile sources can be configured in the device and used for different purposes Profile sources can be assigned as external set source for PID channels in the device Profile source...

Page 47: ...e profile is connected to a process the profile is associated with that process Profile initial value can be synchronized to the process The Maximum Shift parameter in curves can be activated to monitor the profile of the process Maximum Shift Shear Control Initial Value In case the process source is not determined it determines the initial value of the profile It can be adjusted between 32000 and...

Page 48: ...the next steps will be passive Set Determines the final value that the step will reach Slip Control If this parameter is selected ON Maximum Shift parameter can be defined for the relevant step If the curve is associated with a process the timing of the profile is stretched so that the flow of the profile is within Maximum Shift see Profiles Process Source Maximum Slip See Slip Control Explanation...

Page 49: ...nnected M3 Protective Earth Connection Screw T is fixed for every device and Power Supply Transmitter Supply RS 485 and Ethernet connections are made to this slot Slots 1 can be any of Analog Input Digital Input Digital Output Analog Output or Relay Output depending on configuration he Power and Communication Slot see Figure 7 2 Appendix 1 4 Digital Input 16 Channels DIN Digital Output 16 Channels...

Page 50: ...nnel 2 Channel 3 Channel Up mA mV RT ohm 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 01 02 03 04 05 06 V CJ NTC 01 TC Figure 7 3 Analog Input Card Connection Diagrams 3 Channels The connection of Analog Input Digital Input Output or Relay Output cards are given in and respectively 4 HARDWARE Figure 7 3 Figure 7 4 Fig...

Page 51: ...2 03 01 02 03 01 02 03 01 02 03 01 02 03 01 02 03 01 02 03 V CJ NTC 01 TC 7 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS 24 V 24 V 24 V 24 V 24 V max 40 mA Digital Input Digital Output Down Down Up Up I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13 I14 I15 I16 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 O11 O12 O13 O14 O15 O16 Digital Input and output cards must be supplied with an extarnal 24V DC source otherwise the cards can not be dete...

Page 52: ...sed with snubbers To use with snubber the terminals 2 and 3 should be short circuited with a suitable cable Snubber consist of serially connected a capacitor 10nF 630 V and a resistance 100 1 4 W and can be used to suppress the contact noise While the contact is used for switching AC signals and snubber is connected impedance of the snubber should be taken into consideration Ù Down Up I OUT OUT V ...

Page 53: ...wsers or FTP clients FTP and HTTP accessed are write protected read only In addition to HTTP and FTP protocol support the recorder serves as a Modbus Slave or Master unit over TCP IP network All registers given in can be read or write depending on access rights The recorder can also be configured run as a Modbus Master or Slave over RS 485 communication network All registers given in can be read o...

Page 54: ...5 connector located at the bottom of E PR The device can be connected to a PC directly Figure 9 1 or a network hub While the device connected to a PC crossover cable must be used Normal cable should be used for hub connection The pin numbers and signals for RJ 45 connector are given below 11 110 110 see C HARDWARE Ethernet Network Connections ee Section 7 ONNECTION DIAGRAMS Section 6 5 s Section 7...

Page 55: ...haracter left and key shifts the cursor one character right Delete and Back pace keys delete one character towards to the left or right respectively Clear key clears the existing equation Channel process values can be included in to the equations by pressing SOURCE key RUN key runs the equation for testing Pressing OK key saves the equation CANCEL key cancels all operations s is defined in the key...

Page 56: ... Square root The base 10 logarithm The natural logarithm Op1 Op 10 e DigitalAND operator Digital OR operator Digital NOT operator Digital XOR operator Select the biggest Select the smallest Selects parameter Op i 1 Zero index selects Op1 Op2 2 Op Op Figure 9 5 Operator and Function description Modbu RTU Register addresses can be reached from window by presing the MODBUS TABLE button in the Digital...

Page 57: ... ANALOG ALR 1 MATH ANALOG ALR 2 4 Byte Integer DIGITAL 4 Byte Integer DIGITAL MATH TOT MATHTOT_C1 8 Byte Float ANALOG 0694 0698 0702 0706 0710 0714 0718 0722 0726 0730 0734 0738 0742 0746 0750 0754 0758 0760 0762 0764 0766 0768 ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byte Float ANALOG 8 Byt...

Page 58: ...OT MODBUSTOT_C4 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C5 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C6 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C7 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C8 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C9 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C16 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C15 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TOT MODBUSTOT_C14 8 Byte Float ANALOG MODBUS TO...

Page 59: ..._S1C4 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 1 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S1C5 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 1 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S1C6 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S2C1 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S2C2 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S2C3 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S2C4 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN_S2C5 4 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 2 ANALOG INPUTS AIN...

Page 60: ...at 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float 8 Byte Float ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG ANALOG SLOT 3 AIN TOTS AINTOT_C1 8 Byte Float ANALOG SLOT 3 AIN TOTS SLOT 3 AIN TOTS SLOT 3 AIN TOTS SLOT 3 AIN TOTS SLOT 3 AIN TOTS SLOT 4 AIN TOTS SLOT 4 AIN TOTS SLOT 4 AIN T...

Page 61: ...low 1114 1116 1118 1120 1122 1124 1126 1128 1130 1132 1134 1136 1138 1140 1142 1144 1146 1148 1150 1152 1154 4 Byte Integer DIGITAL AOUT_C1 AOUT_C2 AOUT_C3 AOUT_C4 AOUT_C1 AOUT_C2 AOUT_C3 AOUT_C4 AOUT_C1 AOUT_C2 AOUT_C3 AOUT_C4 AOUT_C1 AOUT_C2 AOUT_C3 AOUT_C4 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Float 4 Byte Flo...

Page 62: ...KY PR110 0420 0 TS EN ISO 9001 K Q TSE ISO EN 9000 Quality Management System Certificate ...

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