10
@IST01530EEJ 01 917 5A0 19 041 1
The cold junction is compensated by a Pt 100 resistance thermometer which measures the temperature at the
thermocouple connector.
The type K thermocouple (nickel/nickel chromium) permits continuous measurements up to 800°C. If special-
purpose probes are used, the instrument is able to measure temperatures as high as 999.9°C.
A Pt 100 resistance thermometer located inside the instrument measures the internal temperature; this sensor is
also used to measure the ambient temperature.
Should the user want to measure the combustion air temperature directly in the intake duct, the optional remote
Pt 100 sensor must be used - this measurement is recommended for more precise calculation of plant efficiency.
Remote temperature probe
The temperature probe consist s of a Pt 100 probe, complete with 2 m cable and 7.5/17 mm pit adapter (pos.
in Fig. 2.2). This probe is used to measure the combustion air temperature, within a range of -10°C to +100°C,
when boiler efficiency is to be calculated precisely.
Pressure sensor
The instrument features an internal piezoresistive sensor to measure the stack draft (negative pressure) and
other parameters if required (gas network pressure, pressure drop across filters etc.). The user can switch from
flue gas analysis to this reading by simply pressing a key.
Sample and + / - pressure inputs
Pos.
in Fig. 2.2 is the input of the sample probe complete with water separator and particulate filter. Pos.
and
in Fig. 2.2 are respectively the positive and negative internal differential pressure sensor inputs.
The positive input P+ is used to measure pressure in general and for the tightness test. The positive input P+
is used to measure draft in accordance with standard UNI10845; the branch of the fume exhaust probe
without the anti-condensation filter should be connected to it for simultaneous draft measurement and
combustion analysis.
The positive input P+ and negative input P- are used simultaneously to measure differential pressure.
Fuel types
The instrument has been programmed with the technical characteristics that are typical of seven common fuels.
By means of the optional PC configuration program, this list and the relative coefficients may be modified for up
to a total of 10 fuels.
The following chart, derived from standard UNI 10389-1, lists the coefficients of the seven memorized fuels, used
for calculating losse s and efficiencies.
Smoke measurements
It is possible to enter the smoke values measured according to the standard Smoke index scale. The instrument
will calculate the average and print the results in the analysis report.
An external smoke pump, available as an optional, must be used to correctly take this measurement.
Pressure decay test
The instrument can perform the tightness test of a piping according to the Italian standards UNI 7129 and
UNI 11137-1. For this test the same pressure sensor used is the same as that for the draft test.
G
L
H
L
I
L
Coefficients for calculating combustion efficiency
A1
A2
B
CO
2
t %
Fuel
0,280
0,3276
0,0090
11,70
Natural gas
0,0305
0,4789
0,0066
15,70
#2 Oil
0,0306
0,4835
0,0066
15,80
#4 Oil
0,0305
0,4789
0,0066
15,70
Diesel
0,0354
0,6700
0,0071
19,01
Wood/Pellets 8%
0,0320
0,5952
0,0000
18,60
Coal
0,0305
0,4789
0,0066
15,70
Bio-Fuel 5%
0,0277
0,4500
0,0073
13,80
LPG
0,0277
0,3795
0,0073
14,00
Butane
0,0277
0,3878
0,0073
13,70
Propane
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Summary of Contents for 4400
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