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11. Streptococcal infection
Streptococcal infections are dis-
eases caused by bacteria of the
streptococcus genus.
Streptococci form a widespread
group of microorganisms, among
which are saprophytic and patho-
genic types. Pathogenic streptococci
(dangerous to humans) are found on
the skin, on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory
tract and the intestines. Streptococcal infection is common and
is often associated with other, most commonly suppurative,
pathogenic fl ora (e.g. staphylococci, colibacillus, etc.) causing
acute infl ammation of the upper respiratory tract, abdominal
and urinary tracts, skin and soft tissues, etc.). Streptococcus is
the causative agent of scarlet fever, as well as many human dis-
eases. Streptococcal sore throat is very common. Most people
suff er from angina (streptococcal sore throat, or acute tonsil-
litis) several times in their lives. The disease may occur in very
severe form with a high fever or be mild, with little or no symp-
toms. Streptococcal infection is more severe than the more
insidious staphylococcal infections and its complications are
worse. Streptococcal infection can lead to a number of serious
diseases, including incurable ones, such as rheumatic fever,
aff ecting the joints and heart, glomerulonephritis, leading to
renal dysfunction, purulent arthritis, often requiring surgery,
sinusitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, etc.
A serious complication of the disease caused by streptococ-
cus is infective endocarditis.