DAKOTA ULTRASONICS PX-7 Operation Manual Download Page 29

PX-7 Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge 

 

29

APPENDIX C 

Sound Velocities of some Common Materials 

M a t e r i a l

s o u n d   v e l o c i t y

i n / u s

m / s

A l u m i n u m

0 . 2 5 0

6 3 5 0

B i s m u t h

0 . 0 8 6

2 1 8 4

B r a s s

0 . 1 7 3

4 3 9 4

C a d m i u m

0 . 1 0 9

2 7 6 9

C a s t   I r o n

0 . 1 8 0 ( a p p r x )

4 5 7 2

C o n s t a n t a n

0 . 2 0 6

5 2 3 2

C o p p e r

0 . 1 8 4

4 6 7 4

E p o x y   r e s i n

0 . 1 0 0 ( a p p r x )

2 5 4 0

G e r m a n   s i l v e r

0 . 1 8 7

4 7 5 0

G l a s s ,   c r o w n

0 . 2 2 3

5 6 6 4

G l a s s , f l i n t

0 . 1 6 8

4 2 6 7

G o l d

0 . 1 2 8

3 2 5 1

I c e

0 . 1 5 7

3 9 8 8

I r o n

0 . 2 3 2

5 8 9 3

L e a d

0 . 0 8 5

2 1 5 9

M a g n e s i u m

0 . 2 2 8

5 7 9 1

M e r c u r y

0 . 0 5 7

1 4 4 8

N i c k e l

0 . 2 2 2

5 6 3 9

N y l o n

0 . 1 0 2 ( a p p r x )

2 5 9 1

P a r a f f i n

0 . 0 8 7

2 2 1 0

P l a t i n u m

0 . 1 5 6

3 9 6 2

P l e x i g l a s s

0 . 1 0 6

2 6 9 2

P o l y s t y r e n e

0 . 0 9 2

2 3 3 7

P o r c e l a i n

0 . 2 3 0 ( a p p r x )

5 8 4 2

P V C

0 . 0 9 4

2 3 8 8

Q u a r t z   g l a s s

0 . 2 2 2

5 6 3 9

R u b b e r ,   v u l c a n i z e d

0 . 0 9 1

2 3 1 1

S i l v e r

0 . 1 4 2

3 6 0 7

S t e e l ,   c o m m o n

0 . 2 3 3

5 9 1 8

S t e e l ,   s t a i n l e s s

0 . 2 2 3

5 6 6 4

S t e l l i t e

0 . 2 7 5 ( a p p r x )

6 9 8 5

T e f l o n

0 . 0 5 6

1 4 2 2

T i n

0 . 1 3 1

3 3 2 7

T i t a n i u m

0 . 2 4 0

6 0 9 6

T u n g s t e n

0 . 2 1 0

5 3 3 4

Z i n c

0 . 1 6 6

4 2 1 6

W a t e r

0 . 0 5 8

1 4 7 3

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Summary of Contents for PX-7

Page 1: ...OPERATION MANUAL DAKOTA ULTRASONICS MODEL PX 7 PRECISION THICKNESS GAUGE P N P 129 0002 Rev1 60 January 2008 www com information itm com 1 800 561 8187...

Page 2: ...written consent of Dakota Ultrasonics Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication Dakota Ultrasonics assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liabil...

Page 3: ...ENDIX C SOUND VELOCITIES OF COMMON MATERIALS WARRANTY INFORMATION 1 3 3 7 9 10 12 13 14 17 22 25 27 29 31 DISCLAIMER Inherent in ultrasonic thickness measurement is the possibility that the instrument...

Page 4: ...access to only one side of the material being measured This manual is presented in three sections The first section covers operation of the PX 7 and explains the keypad controls and display The second...

Page 5: ...est by illuminating all of the segments in the display After one second the tool will display the internal software version number After displaying the version number the display will show 0 0000 or 0...

Page 6: ...ric units This key may be used at any time whether the tool is displaying a thickness IN or MM or a velocity value IN s or M s The UP arrow key has two functions When the PX 7 is in calibration mode t...

Page 7: ...n the PX 7 is not in calibration mode the DOWN arrow key switches the display backlight between three available settings OFF will be displayed when the backlight is switched off AUTO will be displayed...

Page 8: ...e Refer to page 18 for details on how to use the alarm feature The DIFF key is used to enable or disable the Differential mode and allow the user to enter a nominal value as a comparison against actua...

Page 9: ...measurement is made Additionally when the battery voltage is low the entire display will begin to flash When this occurs the batteries should be replaced These eight vertical bars form the Stability I...

Page 10: ...layed thickness exceeds 20 00 millimeters the decimal point will shift automatically to the right allowing values up to 25 40 millimeters to be displayed When the IN symbol is on in conjunction with t...

Page 11: ...hort description of the transducer followed by instructions for its use The diagram above is a side view of a typical single element delay line transducer This delay line is fastened to the transducer...

Page 12: ...ed couplant This fluid serves to couple or transfer the ultrasonic sound waves from the transducer into the material and back again Before attempting to make a measurement a small amount of couplant s...

Page 13: ...h the material that is being measured the PX 7 will perform four measurements every second updating its display as it does so When the transducer is removed from the surface the display will hold the...

Page 14: ...face Often a wire brush or scraper will be helpful in cleaning surfaces In more extreme cases rotary sanders or grinding wheels may be used though care must be taken to prevent surface gouging which w...

Page 15: ...etween echo echo and interface echo according to the different materials being measured Finally the plas mod can be used to measure thin plastics using a special graphite tip The following section out...

Page 16: ...nd velocities For example the velocity of sound through steel is about 0 233 inches per microsecond versus that of aluminum which is about 0 248 inches per microsecond If the tool is not set to the co...

Page 17: ...have nearly all its bars on 4 Having achieved a stable reading remove the transducer If the displayed thickness changes from the value shown while the transducer was coupled repeat step 3 5 Press the...

Page 18: ...4 Press the CAL key once more to exit the calibration mode The PX 7 is now ready to perform measurements NOTE At any time during the calibration procedure IN MM IN s or M s flashing in the display pr...

Page 19: ...terial being measured the PX 7 is keeping track of the lowest measurement it finds The transducer may be scrubbed across a surface and any brief interruptions in the signal will be ignored When the tr...

Page 20: ...d This improves the speed and efficiency of the inspection process by eliminating constant viewing of the actual reading displayed The following pages outline how to enable and set up this feature Usi...

Page 21: ...ess the SEND key to select the Lo value entered The Hi value will now be displayed Repeat step 4 select the Hi alarm value 6 The PX 7 is now ready to perform measurements using the Alarm feature Diffe...

Page 22: ...desired nominal thickness value 5 Press the SEND key once again to select the nominal value entered 6 The PX 7 is now ready to perform measurements using the Differential feature RS232 Serial Port Th...

Page 23: ...its 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Baud Rate 1200 4 Set the communications software COMM port to the port number that the PX 7 is connected 5 After taking a measurement press the SEND key to send the measu...

Page 24: ...e echo is received by the PX 7 Several factors affect the strength of ultrasound as it travels These are outlined below Initial Signal Strength The stronger a signal is to begin with the stronger its...

Page 25: ...line Measuring on a curved surface may require the use of a transducer with a matching curved wearface Temperature of the Material When it is necessary to measure on surfaces that are exceedingly hot...

Page 26: ...d petroleum products Power Source Two AA size 1 5 volt alkaline or 1 2 volt NiCad cells 150 hours typical operating time on alkaline 100 hours on NiCad Display Liquid Crystal Display 4 5 digits 0 500...

Page 27: ...with surface temperatures less than about 200 F 100 C no special procedures must be observed At temperatures above this point the change in sound velocity of the material being measured starts to hav...

Page 28: ...terials is by performing a calibration procedure on a sample piece of known thickness Ideally this sample material should be a part of the same piece being measured or at least from the same laminatio...

Page 29: ...e 0 157 3 9 8 8 Iron 0 232 5 8 9 3 L e a d 0 085 2 1 5 9 M a g n e s i u m 0 228 5 7 9 1 Mercury 0 057 1 4 4 8 N i c k e l 0 222 5 6 3 9 Nylon 0 102 apprx 2 5 9 1 Paraffin 0 087 2 2 1 0 Platinum 0 156...

Page 30: ...pect to this product Dakota Ultrasonics specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose Some states or provinces do not allow limitations on the du...

Page 31: ...none known Hazardous Polymerization will not occur Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts none known SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD AND FIRST AID DATA Routes of Entry 1 Skin not likely Ingestion not normally...

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