Campbell EC155 Product Manual Download Page 1

Page: 1 / 94

EC155

O Closed-Path

Gas Analyzer

Revision: 11/18

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Product Manual

Summary of Contents for EC155

Page 2: ...ducts to CSI CSI will return such Products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America To all other locations CSI will return such Products best way CIP port of entry per Incoterms 2010 This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification misuse neglect improper service accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu...

Page 3: ...ping address is CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC RMA _____ 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 1784 For all returns the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form is available from our website at www campbellsci com repair A completed form must be either emailed to repair campbellsci com or faxed to 435 227 9...

Page 4: ...e beginning work Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical You can be kil...

Page 5: ...16 6 3 1 Flow 16 6 3 2 Pressure 16 6 3 3 Filtration 17 6 3 4 Plumbing Connections 19 6 3 4 1 Sample Intake 19 6 3 4 2 Pump 20 6 3 4 3 Zero and Span 20 6 4 Wiring and Connections 20 7 Settings 24 7 1 Factory Defaults 24 7 2 Details 25 7 2 1 Bandwidth 25 7 2 2 SDM Address 25 7 2 3 Unprompted Output 25 7 2 4 Unprompted Output Rate 26 7 2 5 RS 485 Baud Rate 26 7 2 6 Analog Output 26 7 2 7 ECMon Update...

Page 6: ...ero and Span 43 9 5 Replacing the EC155 Desiccant CO2 Scrubber Bottles 46 9 6 Factory Recalibration 47 10 Data Collection and Data Processing 48 10 1 Data Collection and Processing with EasyFlux DL 48 10 2 Datalogger Programming with CRBasic 50 10 2 1 EC100 Instruction 50 10 3 EC100Configure Instruction 53 10 3 1 ConfigCmd 11 Zero and Span Control 55 10 3 2 ConfigCmd 18 Heater Voltage 55 10 4 Exam...

Page 7: ...ploded view of mounting the EC100 enclosure 16 6 7 External views top and cross sectional views bottom of the vortex intake 17 6 8 Cross sectional view of vortex chamber and respective air flow 18 6 9 Screen located at underside of vortex intake 18 6 10 End view of EC155 analyzer showing ports for pump outlet vortex bypass tubing and filter assembly not shown and zero and span intake 19 6 11 EC100...

Page 8: ...tles purchased in or after July 2017 may appear different than in the figure 47 10 1 Compass coordinate system compass wind direction is 200 The sonic azimuth of the anemometer is 270 49 10 2 Right handed coordinate system horizontal wind vector angle is 70 50 D 1 Magnetic declination for the contiguous United States 2015 D 1 D 2 Declination angles east of true north are subtracted from 360 to get...

Page 9: ...more simply as the vortex sample cell The new version of CSAT3A has a serial number of 2000 or greater and is most readily recognized by the narrower mounting stem instead of the old block style Although the operation of the old and new designs is the same there are some differences in features and mounting covered in this edition of the manual 2 Precautions DANGER o The scrubber bottles in EC155 ...

Page 10: ... evaporate before proceeding with the zero and span procedure see Section 9 3 Cleaning Analyzer Windows p 40 3 Initial Inspection Upon receipt of your equipment inspect the packaging and contents for damage File damage claims with the shipping company 4 Overview The EC155 is a closed path mid infrared absorption analyzer that measures molar mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and water vapor along wit...

Page 11: ...esponse over time A heated inlet and elimination of the inline filter results in increased condensation protection while better maintaining frequency response over time More accurate sample cell pressure measurements are made possible with an absolute pressure sensor in the sample cell The new intake remains fully integrated but may be detached or replaced if needed Stainless steel sample cell for...

Page 12: ...EC155 CO2 and H2O Closed Path Gas Analyzer 4 FIGURE 4 1 New design CSAT3A top and old previous design CSAT3A bottom ...

Page 13: ...ng ratio o gas analyzer diagnostic flags o cell temperature cell pressure o CO2 signal strength H2O signal strength o differential pressure difference between ambient and sample cell pressures o air temperature and air pressure auxiliary sensor inputs Additional outputs with CSAT3A o ux uy and uz orthogonal wind components o sonic temperature based on the measurement of c the speed of sound o soni...

Page 14: ... measurement precision6 ux 1 0 mm s 1 uy 1 0 mm s 1 uz 0 5 mm s 1 Sonic temperature 0 025 C CSAT3A sonic accuracy7 Offset error ux uy 8 cm s 1 uz 4 cm s 1 Gain error Wind vector 5 horizontal 2 of reading Wind vector 10 horizontal 3 of reading Wind vector 20 horizontal 6 of reading CSAT3A sonic reporting range Full scale wind 65 55 m s Sonic temperature 50 to 60 C Sample cell sensors8 Absolute pres...

Page 15: ...roduct brochure or manual for details 9 For EC155 sample cells with serial numbers less than 2000 refer to the EC100 Barometer specifications for sample cell pressure accuracy 5 2 Output Signals Features EC100 electronics outputs data using o SDM o RS 485 o USB o Analog out Digital SDM Synchronous Device for Measurement 1 Data type FLOAT Datalogger prompted output rate 1 to 60 Hz RS 485 Data type ...

Page 16: ... tubing from inlet to internal sample cell2 64 5 cm 25 4 in Inside diameter of intake sample tubing3 2 16 mm 0 09 in Vortex intake rain diverter volume 1 3 mL 0 079 in3 Vortex chamber volume 0 9 mL 0 05 in3 Dimensions Analyzer analyzer head and sample cell 42 7 x 7 4 x 10 1 cm 16 8 x 2 9 x 4 0 in Length of intake 38 1 cm 15 0 in EC100 electronics 24 1 x 35 6 x 14 cm 9 5 x 14 x 5 5 in Cable length ...

Page 17: ...g of original design sample cell serial numbers less than 2000 is 2 67 mm 0 085 in 4 Weight of the analyzer with an original design sample cell and CSAT3A sonic head serial numbers less than 2000 is 3 9 kg 8 5 lbs 5 Weight of an original design CSAT3A head serial numbers less than 2000 is 1 9 kg 4 1 lbs FIGURE 5 1 Dimensions of EC155 analyzer with vortex intake sample cells with serial numbers 200...

Page 18: ...3 0 W Power for heated intake set by user 0 to 0 8 W View compliance documentation at www campbellsci com ec155 6 Installation The EC155 is supplied with mounting hardware to attach it to the end of a horizontal pipe of 3 3 cm 1 3 in outer diameter such as the CM202 CM204 or CM206 crossarm The EC155 mounting hardware also accommodates an optional CSAT3A sonic anemometer which places it at the prop...

Page 19: ...bers 2000 and greater complete the steps in Section 6 1 Preparation of Vortex Intake p 11 before mounting the analyzer For the original versions of the sample cell and CSAT3A sample cell and CSAT3A serial numbers less than 2000 skip Section 6 1 Preparation of Vortex Intake p 11 6 1 Preparation of Vortex Intake To prepare the vortex intake for operation install the bypass tube and filter assembly 1...

Page 20: ...sarm should be within 7 degrees of horizontal to allow the CSAT3A sonic anemometer to be leveled Do not carry the EC155 by the intake or the CSAT3A by the arms Always hold the instruments by the body or base 2 Mount the CM250 leveling mount on the end of the crossarm Tighten the set screws on the leveling mount 3 Bolt the EC155 mounting platform to the CM250 leveling mount 4 Place the EC155 gas an...

Page 21: ...he bolt Over tightening bolts will damage or deform the mounting hardware Use caution when handling the EC155 gas analyzer The optical source may be damaged by rough handling especially when the EC155 is powered If the assembly is to be mounted on a high tower it can be hoisted using the handle on the front of the analyzer and the holes in the mounting platform FIGURE 6 3 Exploded view of mounting...

Page 22: ...hich the enclosure may come in contact with corrosive chemicals viticulture or agriculture for example as components within the enclosure are at higher risk to exposure to these substances However instruments with EC100 enclosures are being used in these environments with additional precautions If the instrumentation is intended for such an environment contact Campbell Scientific for guidance befo...

Page 23: ... degrees to allow the bracket to travel in the other direction see FIGURE 6 5 b Once adjusted tighten all the nuts c Attach the EC100 enclosure to the bracket by loosening the bolts on the back of the enclosure hanging the enclosure on the mounting bracket it should slide into place and be able to securely hang from the bracket and tightening the bolts see FIGURE 6 6 FIGURE 6 5 EC100 enclosure mou...

Page 24: ...or a sample flow of 6 LPM assumes vortex bypass flow is 2 LPM and total flow to the pump is a nominal 8 LPM The CPEC200 pump module is designed to provide this flow for the EC155 but other user supplied pumps may be used There is no specific limitation to the flow rate that may be used with the EC155 but the sample cell pressure must be considered 6 3 2 Pressure The EC155 is designed to be used ne...

Page 25: ...th falls below 80 the bypass filter should be replaced and the analyzer cleaned See Section 9 2 1 Vortex Filter Replacement and Vortex Intake Cleaning p 35 for details For the older or original sample cell the pressure drop in the heated intake assembly is approximately 2 5 kPa at 7 LPM flow with no filter The inline filter adds approximately 1 kPa pressure drop when it is clean This pressure drop...

Page 26: ...wards sample cell This new intake dramatically increases the time between maintenance visits compared to intakes with traditional inline filters Unlike traditional inline filters which degrade the frequency response particularly of H2O as they become dirty the vortex intake retains near constant frequency response A coarse screen FIGURE 6 9 is used across the heated inlet to keep out large debris ...

Page 27: ...g Connections There are two connections to the EC155 sample cell the Zero Span inlet and Pump outlet as illustrated in FIGURE 6 10 In the normal mode a vacuum pump pulls an air sample from the sample intake through the sample cell and in the case of the vortex intake it also pulls bypass flow from the vortex In Zero and Span mode the pump is turned off and a zero and span gas is pushed backwards t...

Page 28: ... in line with the sample cell port labeled Pump 6 3 4 3 Zero and Span The zero and span inlet connects to the pump connection passage near the outlet of the sample cell During normal operation the zero and span inlet should be plugged either with a Swagelok 1 4 in plug or with a tube connecting to a closed valve or manifold system such as the CPEC200 valve module During zero and span the zero or s...

Page 29: ...ectronics front panel The left figure shows the panel as it is shipped from the factory enhanced barometer shown The right figure shows the panel after the user has done all the wiring and made all connections basic barometer used FIGURE 6 12 Bottom of EC100 enclosure ...

Page 30: ... length 2 Connect the EC155 sample cell cable Unscrew the sample cell connector cover which is found on the bottom of the EC100 enclosure Insert the 12 prong sample cell cable connector into the female connector on the enclosure and screw it firmly in place The EC155 sample cell cable is approximately 3 m 9 8 ft in length 3 Connect the CSAT3A sonic head skip this step if not using the CSAT3A Simil...

Page 31: ...rt the cable and retighten the nut by hand Refer to the sections below on SDM USB RS 485 and analog communications for information on required signal cable types and connections to the EC100 panel a SDM Communications Use cable CABLE4CBL L L denotes the length of the cable which is customer specified at time of order TABLE 6 1 below details which color of wire in the cable should be connected to e...

Page 32: ... monitored using the Status window of ECMon the user interface software included with the EC155 see Section 7 Settings p 24 or with a datalogger see Section 10 2 Datalogger Programming with CRBasic p 50 The diagnostics may reveal that the unit needs to be serviced for example clean the optical windows of the sample cell clear the CSAT3A transducers of ice or debris etc 7 Settings Operation of the ...

Page 33: ... the experimental setup the bandwidth should be set to the Nyquist frequency which is half the datalogger sample rate for SDM output or half the unprompted output rate for USB and RS 485 output This ensures that the data will not be under sampled and that higher frequency variations will not be aliased to lower frequencies Note that if too small a bandwidth is selected high frequency fluxes may be...

Page 34: ...d CSAT3B suffer minimal wind distortion compared to many other sonic anemometer designs thanks to the very low ratio of transducer diameter to sonic path length and since the non orthogonal geometry keeps the sonic paths at angles closer to perpendicular with respect to a mean horizontal wind flow However there are cases such as when oncoming wind has high angles of attach for example low frequenc...

Page 35: ...tting the EC100 will automatically detect that an EC155 is connected to the electronics and will report temperature measurements from the sample cell To diagnose problems with the temperature measurement a fixed temperature value may be used or the temperature sensor may be selected manually 7 2 10 Fixed Temperature Value If the Temperature Sensor setting is None the EC155 will use the value of th...

Page 36: ...ure Sensor is set to EC100 Basic or EC100 Enhanced and this setting is not used 7 2 12 3 Fixed Pressure Value If the EC100 Barometer setting is None the EC155 will use the value of this setting for the barometric pressure This mode is intended for troubleshooting only In normal operation this setting is not used 7 2 13 EC155 Sample Cell Pressure Sensor This setting should be set to Absolute if a n...

Page 37: ...ith the included EC100 USB cable The USB connection for the EC100 electronics is found on the bottom of the enclosure see FIGURE 6 12 Once connected select the appropriate communications port in the ECMon main page and click Connect Next click on the Setup button see FIGURE 7 2 All of the above settings are now available for the user to change see FIGURE 7 3 Besides changing settings ECMon is also...

Page 38: ...alyzer 30 FIGURE 7 3 Setup window in ECMon Note that a few of the most rarely used settings have been omitted in Setup window of ECMon for convenience To access all settings use Device Configuration Utility FIGURE 7 4 ECMon Status window ...

Page 39: ...e EC100 electronics The Send OS tab gives directions on this procedure The newer design EC155 sample cell serial numbers 2000 and greater requires Device Configuration Utility version 2 12 or newer and EC100 operating system version 6 0 or newer The setting for applying a sonic transducer shadow correction requires EC100 operating system version 6 0 or newer 8 EC100 Outputs The EC100 outputs data ...

Page 40: ... from the EC100 to the datalogger is also set by the user in the datalogger program CRBasic the programming language used by Campbell Scientific dataloggers uses the EC100 instruction to get data from an EC155 This instruction is explained in detail under Section 10 2 Datalogger Programming with CRBasic p 50 of this manual 8 2 USB or RS 485 Output In contrast to the SDM output mode which is prompt...

Page 41: ... to 1 0 13 Pressure differential1 used for EC155 only disregard for IRGASON EC150 kPa 14 Source housing temperature only applicable for EC150 and IRGASON the EC155 does not have a thermistor in the detector housing C 15 Detector housing temperature C 16 Counter Arbitrary 17 Signature Arbitrary in hexadecimal 1 The newer design EC155 sample cell serial numbers 2000 and greater uses an absolute pres...

Page 42: ...hould be disregarded The following block of code is an example implementation of Campbell Scientific s signature algorithm in the programming language C To generate the signature of an output array of bytes the seed needs to be initialized to 0xaaaa and a pointer passed to the first byte of the output array The number of bytes in the output array should be entered in as the swath The returned valu...

Page 43: ...ops a wind offset greater than the specification It sets diagnostic flags under dry conditions with little to no wind and with no obstruction in the ultrasonic paths The wind offset is tested by creating a zero wind environment This is best done in a laboratory setting with HVAC vents closed or covered to reduce air currents and by encircling the mounted sensor with a large plastic bag for example...

Page 44: ...ple cell which is covered in Section 9 3 Cleaning Analyzer Windows p 40 9 2 1 1 Replace Vortex Filter Follow these steps to replace the vortex filter 1 Power down the pump and allow a moment for pressure to equilibrate inside the analyzer 2 Loosen the 1 4 in Swagelok nuts that secure the blue bypass filter in place Remove and discard the used filter assembly and install a new filter assembly Do no...

Page 45: ...over tighten the Swagelok nut FIGURE 9 2 Exploded image of vortex intake with bypass tube pulled from bypass tube sleeve and bypass tube sleeve pulled back away from vortex chamber 3 Slide the bypass tubing sleeve about 3 cm 1 2 in along the intake towards the sample cell until there is enough space to pull the base of the vortex chamber out of the sleeve Refer again to FIGURE 9 2 4 Pull the vorte...

Page 46: ...e and the bypass tubing with fingers After approximately one minute when a relatively strong vacuum has developed quickly release the end of the intake sample tubing The burst of air flowing through the tube will help clear out any debris into the sample cell 7 Repeat this step until the windows no longer become dirtier CO2 and H2O signal levels do not change indicating that no more dust is being ...

Page 47: ...ply pulling on the rain diverter Once removed make sure the underlying aluminum disk and intake hole are free from debris 4 Remove the old filter by pulling back on the Santoprene rim that surrounds the filter and pulling up on the filter s edge Once removed insert a new filter by pushing the filter in place while pulling back the Santoprene rim Continue doing this until the filter is well seated ...

Page 48: ...nalyzer to release the cable and loosen the two long thumbscrews found above the sample cell Rotate the latches so that the struts on the analyzer are free to move upwards See FIGURE 9 7 4 Lift the analyzer head off the sample cell see FIGURE 9 8 taking care not to lose the O rings surrounding the optical windows see FIGURE 9 9 If an O ring is lost two replacement O rings may be found in the mesh ...

Page 49: ...roperly in the cable clamp and tighten the thumbscrew by hand 9 Put the top portion of the EC155 shell back in place and tighten the thumbscrews FIGURE 9 6 The EC155 analyzer with the top shell open FIGURE 9 7 Thumbscrews above sample cell allowing latches to be spun from position A to position B freeing struts of analyzer Top Shell Thumbscrew Cable Clamp Thumbscrew Thumbscrew ...

Page 50: ...155 CO2 and H2O Closed Path Gas Analyzer 42 FIGURE 9 8 EC155 analyzer and sample cell with shell top open FIGURE 9 9 Analyzer removed from sample cell and shell Optical Window O ring O ring Optical Window ...

Page 51: ...C100Configure instruction see Section 10 2 EC100Configure Instruction p 53 To check and then set the EC155 zero and span follow the steps below 1 Connect the EC100 to a PC with the EC100 USB cable and launch ECMon on the PC Select the appropriate USB port and press Connect The main screen should now be reporting real time CO2 and H2O concentrations 2 Check the differential pressure and signal stre...

Page 52: ...ening coefficient than nitrogen 8 Stop the flow of CO2 span gas and provide H2O span gas to the analyzer A dewpoint generator is often used for this Allow a relatively high flow rate for the first several minutes to more quickly stabilize the system and then decrease the flow to 0 2 to 0 4 L min before making the measurement Higher flow rates should not be used when taking the measurement because ...

Page 53: ...46 11 With the zero air still flowing and measurements stabilized click on the Zero CO2 and H2O button in the Zero Span window This will cause the analyzer to adjust the values of its CO2 Zero and H2O Zero parameters forcing the CO2 and H2O concentrations to read zero Verify the CO2 and H2O concentrations now read zero 12 Remove the zero air source and replace it with the CO2 span gas Allow the ga...

Page 54: ...t to the analyzer cable it should only be hand tight see FIGURE 9 11 Once the plug is removed tip the analyzer up so the desiccant scrubber bottle falls out Insert a new bottle lid first into the analyzer Firmly screw the plug back in place EC155 instruments sold prior to July 2017 were sold with scrubber bottles that contained strong oxidizing agents Avoid direct contact with the chemicals inside...

Page 55: ...e figure 9 6 Factory Recalibration When the EC155 is manufactured it goes through an extensive calibration process covering a wide range of temperatures pressures and gas concentrations All CO2 calibration gases used in this process are mixtures of CO2 in ambient air traceable to the WMO Mole Fraction Scale maintained by the Central Carbon Dioxide Laboratory and the Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases G...

Page 56: ... program refer to the EasyFlux DL manual located at www campbellsci com easyflux dl Of particular note is the manner in which EasyFlux DL processes information from the sonic anemometer and is useful to understand when considering how to situate the analyzer and anemometer at a given site EasyFlux DL reports the wind direction in both the sonic coordinate system a right handed coordinate system FI...

Page 57: ...n entered using the keyboard or through LoggerNet FIGURE 10 1 and FIGURE 10 2 show the compass and sonic coordinate system Both figures show the sonic s negative x axis pointing to the west compass azimuth of 270 The wind direction is measured in degrees clockwise from due north In the compass coordinate system the wind direction WD is 200 To calculate the wind direction in FIGURE 10 1 the orienta...

Page 58: ...ta from the EC100 The second is the EC100Configure which receives and sends configuration settings 10 2 1 EC100 Instruction The EC100 instruction is used to retrieve data from the EC155 via SDM The instruction syntax is EC100 Dest SDMAddress EC100Cmd Dest is the input variable name in which to store data from the EC155 The length i e number of data elements of the input variable array will depend ...

Page 59: ...CO2 Signal Strength nominally 0 0 strength 1 0 12 H2O Signal Strength nominally 0 0 strength 1 0 2 13 Sample Cell Pressure Differential kPa 1 The newer design EC155 sample cell serial numbers 2000 and greater uses an absolute pressure sensor to measure sample cell pressure but the pressure differential relative to ambient pressure is still reported This provides consistency with the older design o...

Page 60: ...urce power exceeds limits 6 0x40 64 Light Temp Invalid source temperature 7 0x80 128 Light I Source current exceeds limits 8 0x100 256 Power Off Gas head not powered 9 0x200 512 Chan Err Gas input data out of sync with home pulse 10 0x400 1024 Cell Temp Invalid sample cell temperature 11 0x800 2048 Cell Press Invalid sample cell pressure 12 0x1000 4096 CO2 I CO2 I exceeds limits 13 0x2000 8192 CO2...

Page 61: ...t to the EC155 The DestSource parameter variable should be set to 2718 to save the settings The reception of this command is acknowledged but since it takes up to a second to complete a successful return code does not mean that all of the data was successfully written to the appropriate non volatile memory The instruction syntax is EC100Configure Result SDMAddress ConfigCmd DestSource Result is a ...

Page 62: ... Cell Thermocouple 3 None use fixed value 4 Auto Select 8 108 Fixed Temperature Value 9 109 Unprompted Output Mode 0 Disable 1 USB 2 RS 485 10 110 RS 485 Baud Rate 11 111 Span Zero Control 0 Inactive 1 Zero 2 Span CO2 3 Span H2O see Section 10 2 1 ConfigCmd 11 Zero and Span Control p 55 12 112 CO2 Span Concentration 13 113 H2O Span Dewpoint Temperature 14 114 CO2 Zero Coefficient 15 115 CO2 Span C...

Page 63: ... Heater Voltage Normally the EC100Configure instruction is run in the datalogger s processing task Skipped scans can occur when the EC100Configure instruction executes When changing operational parameters these skipped scans are acceptable However it may not be acceptable when changing the heater voltage ConfigCmd 218 allows the EC100Configure instruction to operate in the SDM task thus avoiding s...

Page 64: ...nits H2O mmol mol Units diag_irga arb Units cell_tmpr C Units cell_press kPa Units CO2_sig_strgth arb Units H2O_sig_strgth arb Units diff_press kPa DataTable ts_data TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 0 mSec 10 Sample 13 Ux IEEE4 EndTable BeginProg Scan 100 mSec 0 0 EC100 Ux 1 2 CallTable ts_data NextScan EndProg 11 Theory of Operation The EC155 is a non dispersive mid infrared absorption analyzer Infrared rad...

Page 65: ...analyzer thus rather than using a separate reference cell and detector the initial intensity of the radiation is calculated by measuring the intensity of nearby non absorbing wavelengths 4 µm for CO2 and 2 3 µm for H2O These measurements account for any source and detector aging and window contamination The chopper wheel spins at a rate of 60 revolutions per second and the detector is measured 512...

Page 66: ...oise and second aliasing does not degrade the accuracy of covariance calculations Therefore the factory default for the EC100 bandwidth 20 Hz is rather wide to preserve the signal variations that transport flux and that bandwidth is suitable for most flux applications Additional bandwidths are available for experimenters desiring to match the EC100 filter bandwidth to their data acquisition sample...

Page 67: ... s scan rate through SDM communications see Section 8 EC100 Outputs p 31 This process synchronizes the EC100 gas and wind data with other signals measured by the datalogger to within 8 33 ms plus or minus one half of the inverse of 60 Hz Alternatively when sending data to a non Campbell data acquisition system the EC100 down samples its USB and RS 485 outputs to a user selectable rate of 10 20 or ...

Page 68: ... msec moving average TABLE A 1 Filter Time Delays for Various Bandwidths Bandwidth Hz Time Delay ms 5 800 10 400 12 5 317 20 200 1 10 70 Hertz 0 0001 0 001 0 01 0 1 1 10 No Units EC100 10 Hz Bandwidth Filter 10 Hz Bandwidth from a 50 msec Moving Average EC100 10 Hz Filter Compared to 20 msec Moving Average Amplitude Responses ...

Page 69: ...n relative to dry air mmol mol 1 c M Molecular Weight of CO2 44 mg mmol 1 d M Molecular Weight of dry air 0 029 g mmol 1 v M Molecular weight of H2O 0 018 g mmol 1 P Ambient Pressure kPa R Universal Gas Constant 8 3143 10 6 kPa m3 K 1 mmol 1 T Ambient Temperature C e Vapor Pressure kPa f Enhancement Factor Arbitrary d T Dewpoint Temperature C tmp d T _ Temporary variable for dewpoint calculation A...

Page 70: ...Vapor Molar Mixing Ratio from Dewpoint 1000 e P e Xv B 9 d d T T EXP f e 97 240 502 17 61121 0 B 10 Water Vapor Mass Density from Dewpoint d d v T T EXP T R f 97 240 502 17 15 273 61121 0 018 0 ρ B 11 Vapor Pressure from Molar Mixing Ratio and Water Vapor Density v v X P X e 1000 B 12 v v M T R e 15 273 ρ B 13 Equations 1 and 2 were derived from Leuning 2004 Eq 6 23 Equations 6 8 and 10 11 were de...

Page 71: ...d invert the sample cell assembly during cleaning so any liquid drains away from these passages C 2 Cleaning Intake Tube The newer design of the EC155 sample cell sample cell serial numbers 2000 and greater allows the intake to be removed by the user Once removed the inner stainless steel tubing that carries the clean sample air from the vortex may be cleaned The appropriate cleaning procedure dep...

Page 72: ...e sample cell that holds the stainless steel sample tubing in place by compressing two rubber o rings around the tubing Loosen this nut roughly two full turns but don t remove it See FIGURE C 1 8 Carefully pull the intake away from the sample cell sliding the stainless steel sample tubing from the sample cell See FIGURE C 2 FIGURE C 1 Identification of parts for detaching intake with heater cable ...

Page 73: ...er performing the air blast procedure described in step 5 of Section 9 2 1 2 Cleaning the Bypass Tubing and Vortex Chamber p 37 it is recommended to detach the intake as described in the section above and then use compressed air to blow out the intake sample tubing For older sample cells serial numbers less than 2000 if the intake tube is dusty the cleaning procedure is similar to the air blast pr...

Page 74: ...e cell Following the next steps will help keep the pressure sensor passages clear 1 Power the system down 2 Remove the sensor head from the sample cell 3 Close the lid of the sample cell assembly 4 Position sample cell assembly upside down This allows the solvent to flow away from the pressure sensor passage 5 Tilt slightly so that the intake is higher than the sample cell 6 Remove the intake filt...

Page 75: ...te can be obtained from a USGS map local airport or through a NOAA web calculator Appendix D 2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator p D 2 A general map showing magnetic declination for the Conterminous United States in 2015 is shown in FIGURE D 1 Declination angles east of true north are considered negative and are subtracted from 360 degrees to get true north as shown in FIGURE D 2 Declination ...

Page 76: ...added to 0 to get true north D 2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator The magnetic declination web calculator published by NOAA s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following URL https www ngdc noaa gov geomag web declination Enter the latitude longitude date and the format you wish to view the data Once entered click calculate to determine the declination FIGURE D 4 ...

Page 77: ... for Logan UT The declination for Logan UT is 11 47 E Therefore true north is 360 11 47 348 53 So when looking at a compass at this location true north is located at 348 53 not 360 Declination results are typically accurate to 30 minutes of arc but environmental factors can cause magnetic field disturbances ...

Page 78: ...E 1 Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 1 Molecular Sieve Type 13X ...

Page 79: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 2 ...

Page 80: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 3 ...

Page 81: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 4 ...

Page 82: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 5 E 2 Magnesium Perchlorate ...

Page 83: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 6 ...

Page 84: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 7 ...

Page 85: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 8 ...

Page 86: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 9 ...

Page 87: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 10 ...

Page 88: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 11 ...

Page 89: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 12 E 3 Decarbite ...

Page 90: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 13 ...

Page 91: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 14 ...

Page 92: ...Appendix E Safety Data Sheets SDS E 15 ...

Page 93: ...F 1 Appendix F EC155 Packing Information ...

Page 94: ...t Asia Location Bangkok Thailand Email info campbellsci asia Website www campbellsci asia China Location Beijing P R China Email info campbellsci com cn Website www campbellsci com cn Spain Location Barcelona Spain Email info campbellsci es Website www campbellsci es Costa Rica Location San José Costa Rica Email info campbellsci cc Website www campbellsci cc UK Location Shepshed Loughborough UK Em...

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