- 13 -
- 12 -
glass rod. Wool fibres are also of animal origin; the surface consists
of overlapping cases, which appear broken and wavy. If it is possible,
compare wool fibres of different weaving mills. Consider thereby the
different appearance of the fibres. Experts can determine from it the
country of origin of wool. Celanese is like already the name says,
artificially manufactured by a long chemical process. All fibres show
hard, dark lines on the smooth, shining surface. The fibres crinkle
after drying in the same condition. Observe the thing in common
and differences.
11.3 How does bread mould develop?
Object: An old piece of bread.
The spores of the kind of mould, which strike our bread, are to be
found everywhere in the atmosphere. Put bread on a slide and squirt
carefully some water on it. Moisten bread only, don´t wet it. Put the
whole into a container with a screw-type cap and place it into a
cabinet, into which only little light breaks in and which prevails it in a
warm temperature. Within a short time the black bread mould forms.
Regard the bread each day. At the first the mould shows up a white,
shining consistence. Take it on a slide to observe it. The material turns
out as a complicated thread mass, which forms the fungus body in its
whole. One calls the whole mycelium. Each thread is a hypha. Soon
some rhizoids arise, which embody the mould fungus with bread, in
order thereby to water and nutrients for the growth of the mycelium
to receive. In the course of time the rhizoid colours itself brownish.
Vertically over this group hyphae grow like long slim stacks, which
end in a tiny small, white ball. One calls the stack sporangiophores
(carrier of the sporcap), the ball is a sporangium or a sporcap. Soon
these balls accept a black color. Inside spores present mature. If now
the sporcap breaks open, then it sets the spors free, which step now
to air and infect other bread. With the naked eye you can recognize
the mature sporcaps as tiny black marks. They are scattered on the
mould fungus surface and give thus to the kind of fungus its name.
There are however still different kinds of mould fungi. They can be
pink, red, blue or green. Manufacture yourselves preparations of all
stages of the bread mould.
11.4 Salt water shrimps
Accessories:
1. Yeast (Fig. B 30),
2. Gum media (Fig. B 31),
3. Sea salt (Fig. B 32),
4. Shrimp eggs (Fig. B 33),
5. Shrimp egg hatching plant (Fig. B 29).
11.4.1 The lifecycle of the saltwater shrimp
The saltwater shrimp or Artimia salina to scientists has an unusual
and interesting lifecycle. The female´s eggs are hatched without any
male shrimp having to fertilise them. The resultant baby shrimps
are all female. Under unusual conditions such as when a swamp is
drained the eggs may produce male shrimps. These males fertilise the
female´s eggs, resulting in a specific type of eggs. These are called
winter eggs and have a thick shell as protection. They´re pretty rugged
and can survive the swamp or lake drying out causing the death of the
entire shrimp population for up to a decade in a form of hibernation.
The eggs hatch once the right ambient conditions again obtain. The
eggs supplied (Fig B 33) are of this type.
11.4.2 Hatching of the salt water shrimp
To hatch the shrimp it is essential to first have a saline solution
suited to the shrimp´s needs. Fill half a litre of rain- or freshwater
in a container. Let it stand for about thirty hours. As water evap-
orates over time it´s a good idea to have a second container of
such water left standing for thirty-six hours. Once it´s stood for
this length of time pour half of the sea salt supplied into one of the
containers and stir until it has dissolved. Then pour some of it into the
shrimp´s breeding plant (Fig. B 29). Add a few eggs and close the lid.
Put it somewhere with plenty of light but not in the direct sun. The
tempera ture should be approximately 25° C. The shrimps will hatch
in two or three days at this temperature. Should any water evaporate
during this time replace it from the second container.
11.4.3 The saltwater shrimps under the microscope
What comes out of the egg is known as a nauplius larva. Use the pipette
(Fig. B 27) to put some of them on a slide for examination. They will
move in the solution using their hair like limbs. Remove a few daily
from the container for examination under the microscope. If you do so
and save the pictures made with the MicrOcular you will then have a
seamless record of the shrimp´s lifecycle. You can remove the upper
lid of the shrimp´s breeding plant and put the whole thing under the
microscope. The larvae will mature in six to ten weeks depending on
ambient temperature. You will soon have bred an entire generation of
saltwater shrimps that constantly reproduce.
11.4.4 Feeding your saltwater shrimps
To keep them alive saltwater shrimps must be fed occasionally. This
must be done carefully as overfeeding causes the water to stagnate
and poison the shrimps. Feeding is best done with dry powdered
yeast (Fig. B 30). Give them a little every other day. If the water dark-
ens this signifies it is stagnating. If so remove the shrimps and put
them in a fresh saline solution.
Note
Eggs and shrimps are unfit for human consumption!
Note: The MicrOcular only works whithout the Barlow lens
supplied! The
magnification setting is changed using the
MicrOcular and has to be reset with the focussing wheel. To
ensure proper lighting of the specimen using the MicrOcular
working with batteries is not recommended. Please use the
mains power adaptor supplied.
12. Setup MicrOcular
Remove the Barlow lens (Fig. A 3) with the currently used eyepiece from the tube
(Fig. A 4) and put the MicrOcular (Fig. A 22) in place instead (Fig. A).
Please do not yet connect the MicrOcular to your PC. Please go
through the following points step by step.
13. Installation and use of the software
13.1 Installing the software
You find the capturing software for Win 7 / 8.1 / 10 on the CD. Double
click on the exe file and follow
the instructions in the installation manager. It is not necessary to
install a specific driver. The camera
will be recognized automatically from suitable Windows operating
systems.
Note
To use the MicrOcular long-term we recommend it always be
connected to the same USB port.
13.2 Capturing images
Connect the camera with your PC. Start the software „CamLabLite“
DE
GB
