BK Precision BKPVS10005 User Manual Download Page 86

 

70 

 

Therefore, a delay between commands to let the power supply 
have enough time to process them is mandatory. 

7.

 

All serial settings must match the settings configured on the PC 
in order for communication to link successfully. 

GPIB 
Each model can be configured with a GPIB address from 1-30. Follow 
the instructions below to select and configure the GPIB interface for 
remote operation. 

1.

 

From the SYSTEM menu, select Communication and press 

2.

 

When GPIB is blinking, press 

 to configure the settings for 

GPIB remote communication.  The following display will be 
shown: 

 

3.

 

Press 

 to configure the GPIB Address to which the power 

supply will be assigned to. Use the rotary dial or numeric keypad 
to enter a value from 1-30. 

4.

 

Press 

 to save each setting and the display will return to the 

GPIB menu. 

5.

 

Make sure the address assigned in the power supply unit 
matches the address the data commands are being sent to. 

RS-485 
The PVS series supports multiple power supplies (of the same model, up 
to *50) that can be connected together via RS-485 and be controlled 
with a computer via USB (virtual COM) interface (Chain mode). If 
connecting more than 10 units, add a 120Ω resistor terminator to the 

 

Summary of Contents for BKPVS10005

Page 1: ...Model PVS10005 PVS60085 PVS60085MR High Power Programmable DC Power Supply USER MANUAL...

Page 2: ...instrument in ways not specified by this manual or by B K Precision Failure to comply with these precautions or with warnings elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of design manufactu...

Page 3: ...circuit breaker panel or the wiring of permanently installed motors Category IV CAT IV Measurement instruments whose measurement inputs are meant to be connected to the primary power entering a build...

Page 4: ...on Without the safety ground connection all accessible conductive parts including control knobs may provide an electric shock Failure to use a properly grounded approved outlet and the recommended thr...

Page 5: ...ithin specifications In direct sunlight This instrument is intended to be used in an indoor pollution degree 2 environment The operating temperature range is 0 C to 40 C and the operating humidity 90...

Page 6: ...tem Do not touch live circuits Instrument covers must not be removed by operating personnel Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified service trained maintenance personn...

Page 7: ...service trained maintenance personnel who are aware of the instrument s fuse requirements and safe replacement procedures Disconnect the instrument from the power line before replacing fuses Replace...

Page 8: ...rument if you cannot verify the fan is operating note some fans may have intermittent duty cycles Do not insert any object into the fan s inlet or outlet Use correctly sized wires To connect a load to...

Page 9: ...C of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on waste electrical and electronic equipment WEEE and in jurisdictions adopting that Directive is marked as being put on the market a...

Page 10: ...nts of 2006 95 EC Low Voltage Directive and 2004 108 EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive with the following standards Low Voltage Directive EN61010 1 2001 EMC Directive EN 61000 3 2 2006 EN 610...

Page 11: ...nstrument Electric Shock hazard On Supply This is the AC mains connect disconnect switch on the front of the instrument Off Supply This is the AC mains connect disconnect switch on the front of the in...

Page 12: ...not avoided will result in minor or moderate injury WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which if...

Page 13: ...duct Dimensions 3 1 4 Front Panel Overview 4 Front Panel Description 4 1 5 Keypad Overview 5 Keypad Description 5 1 6 Rear Panel Overview 7 Rear Panel Description 7 1 7 Display Overview 8 Display Desc...

Page 14: ...Setting Voltage 21 Setting Current 22 Remote Sense 23 3 3 Voltage Current Measurement 25 3 4 System Messages 25 3 5 SYSTEM Menu 27 Remote Communication Configuration 27 Save Recall Instrument Settings...

Page 15: ...ter Definition 79 4 3 Error Event List 79 4 4 SCPI Common Commands 80 4 5 SCPI Common Subsystem 81 4 6 Non SCPI Remote Commands 88 4 7 Multi Unit Programming Commands 89 System control commands 89 Out...

Page 16: ...on 99 5 6 External Current Programming Calibration 100 5 7 CC Calibration of External Voltage 101 5 8 CC Calibration of External Current 102 6 Troubleshooting Guide 104 General 104 Remote Control 105...

Page 17: ...ob provide a convenient interface for adjusting voltage current operating functions and enabling disabling the output The PVS series power supplies also provide over voltage protection OVP and over cu...

Page 18: ...e Contents Please inspect the instrument mechanically and electrically upon receiving it Unpack all items from the shipping carton and check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occu...

Page 19: ...sions are approximately 420mm 16 54in x 88mm 3 46in x 532mm 20 95in WxHxD These 2U supplies are designed to fit in a standard 19 inch rackmount Note All dimensions in the figures below are measured in...

Page 20: ...1 3 Front Panel Overview Front Panel Description Power On Off switch Vacuum Fluorescent Display OVP OCP OPP indicators Keypad lock indicator Function keys Numeric keys Rotary Knob Left Right cursor ke...

Page 21: ...red voltage and current On Off Controls the output state Vset Slope button Configures output voltage or sets the rise and fall times of the output voltage Iset Timer button Configures output current o...

Page 22: ...ers numeric values for various parameters Menu button Allows access to the power supply menu settings Program button Enters program mode settings menu Enter Confirms setting parameter changes Rotary K...

Page 23: ...Panel Description Output and remote sense terminals USB interface RS 485 interface Analog programming interface DB25 connector AC input receptacle Earth ground connection GPIB interface Ethernet LAN i...

Page 24: ...isabled CC Indicates constant current CC operation CV Indicates constant voltage CV operation Rmt Indicates remote mode Addr Indicates remote communication activity Error Indicates an error has occurr...

Page 25: ...r source be sure that the power switch is in the OFF position and verify that the AC power cord including the extension line is compatible with the rated voltage current and that there is sufficient c...

Page 26: ...rd conductor Verify that your power outlet is of the three conductor type with the correct pin connected to earth ground Follow the instructions below to connect the AC power cable to the AC input of...

Page 27: ...r panel and securely mount the safety metal housing over the input receptacle Doing so may create a shock hazard Connection of this power supply to an AC power source should be made by a qualified ele...

Page 28: ...a malfunction in the unit In this event contact B K Precision Any disassembling of the case or changing the fuse not performed by an authorized service technician will void the warranty of the instru...

Page 29: ...2 3 Rack Mount Bracket Assembly 2 3 Output Connections The main DC output terminal is a screw type terminal block located in the rear panel Due to the high current rating of the power supply proper w...

Page 30: ...enough to prevent overheating when the power supply operates at maximum short circuit output current It will also prevent large voltage drops from resistances in the wires SHOCK HAZARD Hazardous volt...

Page 31: ...ed in 2 1 Input Power and Fuse Requirements 2 Connect power Connect AC power cord to the AC receptacle in the rear panel and press the power switch to the ON position to turn ON the instrument On powe...

Page 32: ...he LED next to the button is not already lit press the button once and the voltage display will show the measured voltage at the output which may fluctuate slightly from the voltage value entered in t...

Page 33: ...once and the current display will show the measured current at the output which may fluctuate slightly from the current value entered in step 3 6 Optional You may also verify the output current by co...

Page 34: ...g Press and the display will show the following screen 3 The model is shown above as PVS10005 4 Press once again and the firmware version will displayed 5 The firmware is shown above as 1 52 6 Press t...

Page 35: ...settings BEEP Enable Disable key sound DEFAULT Select memory location for save recall instrument settings PON STAT Configure power on state CONFIG LIMIT Configures voltage setting limits PROTECT Confi...

Page 36: ...menu settings 4 Below is the display when SYSTEM is selected 5 The selected item will be blinking Use the keys to move through the menu items When there is a on the right side of the display that mean...

Page 37: ...sor selects the voltage display Then enter the value and press to set the voltage 3 To change the cursor position to adjust with the voltage adjust knob use the keys to move left or right Note To see...

Page 38: ...ition to adjust with the voltage adjust knob use the keys to move left or right Note To see the changes to the setting current be sure the display is not showing the measured current This can be check...

Page 39: ...llowing sections for details of local and remote sense setup Local Sense By default the power supply is set up for local sense This is determined by the wire connections in the rear panel illustrated...

Page 40: ...rce into any of the four terminals at any time during operation When output is enabled DO NOT use your hands to touch the terminals or the screws that are designed to tighten wires to the terminals Do...

Page 41: ...N Doing so may damage the power supply and cause unstable output 3 3 Voltage Current Measurement The display will show the set voltage and current values or the measured values of the output To toggle...

Page 42: ...annot read or write the internal non volatile memory OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION Internal temperature is too high and the protection mechanism is activated FAN ERROR FAN not functioning EXCEED OVP Out...

Page 43: ...mote Operation Save Recall Instrument Settings The instrument can save up to 100 voltage current values for quick recall access Memory is allocated in 10 different storage groups group 0 to 9 and each...

Page 44: ...voltage and current settings that you want to save 2 Then press and The display will show the following 3 Use the current adjust knob or the numeric keypad to enter the memory location in which to st...

Page 45: ...s without having to press additional keys each time For example you can press 1 to recall settings in location one and then press 5 to immediately recall settings in location 5 4 To exit Recall mode p...

Page 46: ...button 3 times to select DEFAULT and press 2 The instrument will return to the normal display and all settings are now restored back to factory default The table below lists some of the factory defau...

Page 47: ...OFF Role MASTER MASTER External Control Enable NOT ACTIVE NOT ACTIVE Voltage FRONT FRONT Current FRONT FRONT Program range 5V 5k 5V 5k Monitor range 5 V 5 V Shut off logic OFF LOW OFF LOW Beep Mode OF...

Page 48: ...te The initial Power On state of the power supply can be configured voltage current output state by following the steps below 1 From the SYSTEM menu press button 4 times to select PON STAT and press 2...

Page 49: ...s and settings explained in this section can be accessed from the CONFIG menu To access this menu press press 1 time and select CONFIG then press Output Limit Settings The voltage or current output li...

Page 50: ...ge or current check these limit settings to make sure the set value is within the limit s range The shaded area illustrated above is the settable range of the output voltage and current Follow the ste...

Page 51: ...tage Protection OVP The PVS overvoltage protection utilizes a hardware comparator that quickly protects the instrument when the voltage presented at the output terminal exceeds the OVP setting voltage...

Page 52: ...play To clear the trip status press once Configure Over Current Protection OCP The PVS overcurrent protection utilizes a hardware comparator that quickly protects the instrument when the current prese...

Page 53: ...OCP status message will display To clear the trip status press once Configure Overpower Protection OPP The PVS overpower protection continuously monitors the output power level If it is greater than t...

Page 54: ...ing OPP status message will display To clear the trip status press once Configure CV to CC Protection The PVS CV to CC protection monitors the transition between constant voltage to constant current m...

Page 55: ...ion monitors the transition between constant current to constant voltage mode If this event occurs the output of the power supply will turn off Follow the steps below to set the CV to CC limit 1 Press...

Page 56: ...er supply using external signals refer to the following figure of the DB25 connector located in the rear panel The logical signal L is a TTL compatible signal The analog signal A cannot exceed the ran...

Page 57: ...scription 1 Enable L I Open AMODE output button is disabled BMODE output is OFF Short to Enable AMODE output button is enable BMODE output is ON 2 Ground 3 Ground 8 Local Analog L I Open front panel c...

Page 58: ...scale input equals maximum output current 11 Voltage Monitor A O Output 0 5 V 0 10 V represents power supply output voltage full scale output equals maximum output voltage 12 Ground 13 CV CC L O High...

Page 59: ...l control interface 1 Press the button and press the button one time until CONFIG is blinking and press 2 Press button three times until EXTCTRL is blinking and press Press once again to select ENABLE...

Page 60: ...te If the ENA is shown on the LCD screen press once so that it disappears before attempting to press the button BMODE This mode allows enabling or disabling the power supply s output using the Enable...

Page 61: ...ollowing table shows the various configurations EXTCTRL ENABLE EXTCTRL VOLTAGE CURRENT Local Analog Pin 8 Output Control Display NOT ACTIVE FRONT High Open Local Low Short Local EXT V or EXT R High Op...

Page 62: ...ure 8 Enable signal 9 Shutoff signal 10 Remote failure 11 Output off Voltage Program This function is able to program the voltage output by connecting an external DC voltage voltage mode or an externa...

Page 63: ...am range and press 6 Now use the rotary knob to select between 10V 10K or 5V 5K and press 7 Press several times to exit the menu setting Voltage Mode Under voltage mode the user may control the full s...

Page 64: ...ode The external voltage range or resistor range used to control the full scale of the output voltage can be selected between 0 5 V 0 5 k and 0 10 V 0 10 k range Follow the steps below to configure th...

Page 65: ...ge level of 0 5V 0 5 V 0 5 k mode or 0 10V 0 10 V 0 10 k mode as shown below Figure 3 6 Analog Current Programming Diagram Voltage Mode Resistor Mode Under resistor mode the user may control the full...

Page 66: ...the power supply s output voltage can be selected between 0 5 V and 0 10 V Figure 3 8 Analog Voltage Monitor Diagram Follow the steps below to configure the voltage program 1 Press the button and pres...

Page 67: ...Follow the steps below to configure the voltage program 1 Press the button and press the button one time until CONFIG is blinking and press 2 Press button three times until EXTCTRL is blinking and pre...

Page 68: ...nob to select the setting of OFF Low Falling Edge or ON Low Rising Edge and press 5 Press several times to exit the menu setting When shut off occurs the output will be turned off immediately and SO w...

Page 69: ...NOT ACTIVE OFF Low Not Active ON OFF ON Low Not Active ON OFF ACTIVE OFF Low High to low OFF SO ON Low Low to High OFF SO Parallel Operation Connection and Setup The PVS power supplies can be connecte...

Page 70: ...commend contacting us at www bkprecision com for further assistance After wiring is complete configure one of the supplies as the Master and the other slaves i e SLAVE 1 SLAVE 49 After one of the supp...

Page 71: ...ob to select the setting of OFF or ON and press 5 Press button one time until ROLE is blinking and press 6 Use the rotary knob to set the master or slave and press Use the same procedure to set up MAS...

Page 72: ...parallel mode control Master Unit After all of the slave units have been set the master unit can be set by the same procedure with the role set to MASTER As shown below the master unit will start to s...

Page 73: ...multiple power supplies in series as it will cause damage or malfunction When connecting in parallel mode only the MASTER unit can be controlled by a computer for remote communication There is also a...

Page 74: ...nel s output from DC to AC Due to varying environmental conditions and the nonlinear output of solar cells many inverters use a maximum power point tracking mechanism to maximize the power generated f...

Page 75: ...or testing and the material types such as cSi and TF The software supports testing against EN50530 SANDIA and NB T32004 regulation standards Up to 101 sets of curve parameters can be created and downl...

Page 76: ...ftware also monitors and logs real time voltage current and power as well as real time and average MPPT efficiency to validate the inverter s MPPT algorithm To configure and set the PVS power supply t...

Page 77: ...ogram feature that allows storing of programs into internal non volatile memory and recalling and running them per configured parameters A total of 100 steps can be configured for each program and a t...

Page 78: ...ing operation The OFF action disables the current step and will not be executed during operation The ON and OFF actions are easily interchangeable which allows the user to easily edit the program proc...

Page 79: ...at REPEAT and NEXT PROG options are part of a program so if one program s NEXT PROG option is pointed to a previous program the power supply will cycle these programs infinitely Configure An example o...

Page 80: ...be edited step number action voltage current and time Use the buttons to move the cursor to the desired parameter and use the rotary knob or keypad numeric values only to change the parameter values C...

Page 81: ...ute The following will be displayed when the program is executing When program mode is running an indicator on the display will flash to indicate the program is running The current program PRG p step...

Page 82: ...follow the steps below 1 Press the and buttons to enter the timer setup screen The following will be displayed 2 Use the buttons to move the cursor to the desired parameter hour minute and second and...

Page 83: ...n voltage and current output transitions Follow the steps below to configure the voltage or current slope 1 Press and buttons to enter the slope menu 2 Use the buttons to select VOLTAGE or CURRENT and...

Page 84: ...on display when the power supply is successfully connected to a PC remotely through any remote interface Keys on the front panel will be locked until the instrument is in LOCAL mode To return to LOCA...

Page 85: ...s to save each setting and the display will return to the RS232 menu 6 Below lists the options that can be changed for each setting Baud rate 9600 19200 38400 57600 Parity Data bits None 8 bits Even 8...

Page 86: ...settings for GPIB remote communication The following display will be shown 3 Press to configure the GPIB Address to which the power supply will be assigned to Use the rotary dial or numeric keypad to...

Page 87: ...e instructions below to select and configure the RS 485 interface for remote operation Figure 4 1 RS 485 Connection Diagram for 10 Units 1 From the SYSTEM menu browse and select Communication and pres...

Page 88: ...ow lists the options that can be changed for each setting Baud rate 9600 19200 38400 57600 Parity Data bits None 8 bits Even 8 bits Odd 8 bits Even 7 bits Odd 7 bits Stop bit 1 2 Address 1 to 50 Chain...

Page 89: ...ent scan speed which affects the synchronization between the power supplies between the slave units and the master unit will increase based on the following formula 250 N in milliseconds where N is th...

Page 90: ...ce until LAN is blinking and press to configure the settings for LAN remote communication The following display will be shown 3 Use keys to select between each settings and press to configure the corr...

Page 91: ...network as the power supply To access this do the following 1 Connect the power supply to the same network as the PC 2 Open a web browser on the computer to control the power supply 3 Check the IP add...

Page 92: ...The HOME page provides general information of the power supply Model Manufacturer Firmware version MAC address IP address RS 232C setting and RS 485 setting Figure 4 3 Web Server Home Page CONFIG The...

Page 93: ...onfiguration Page CONTROL The CONTROL page provides the general control of the power supply such as output On Off setting as well as the voltage and current setting The command line for SCPI commands...

Page 94: ...can be connected via LAN Ethernet interface using Telnet client with socket port 23 or 5024 Socket connection Socket connection is available for communication via LAN Ethernet interface The instrumen...

Page 95: ...l Boolean value can be 1 or ON 0 or OFF NR1 Integer value can be zero positive or negative integer number NRf Flexible numerical value can be zero positive or negative float point numeric value string...

Page 96: ...or 4 4 SCPI Common Commands The power supply is compatible with all IEEE 488 2 and SCPI commands Common commands generally control overall power supply functions such as reset status and synchronizati...

Page 97: ...stem commands are arranged alphabetically according to the function they perform Command Description CONFig Configuration subsystem LIMit CURRent MAX NRf Set or return maximum current setting value MI...

Page 98: ...xternal control mode PARAllel STATe Bool Set or return parallel mode state ROLE MASTer 0 SLAVEA 1 SLAVEB 2 SLAVEC 3 Set or return parallel mode role state CHAIn STATe Bool Set or return chain state AD...

Page 99: ...f Set or return voltage limit value PROtection CLEar Reset latched protection SLOPe CURRent NRf Set or return current slewrate value VOLTage NRf Set or return voltage slewrate value MODE Return output...

Page 100: ...state 0 no protection happened 1 OVP 2 OCP 3 OPP 4 CV to CC and 5 CC to CV CCCV Bool Set or return CC to CV protection switch CLEar Reset latched protection CVCC Bool Set or return CV to CC protectio...

Page 101: ...TF SANDIA 1 TF 2 SCMC 3 HEC NBT32005 1 cSi 2 TF Example SANDIA HEC 1000 Vmp 2000 Pmp PVSIM CURV PARAM 1 1000 2000 3 SELEct NR1 Set or return the selected curve to be running POWer NRf Set or return th...

Page 102: ...m BEEP Bool Set or return beep state ERRor Return system error GPIB GPIB ADDRess NR1 Set or return GPIB address value GROUp NR1 Set or return memory group value IP Ethernet IP ADDRess NR1 NR1 NR1 NR1...

Page 103: ...baudrate value DATAbit String Set or return RS232 parity and data bit length NONE8 EVEN8 ODD8 EVEN7 ODD7 STOPbit NR1 Set or return RS232 stop bit length RS485 RS485 BAUDrate NR1 Set or return RS485 ba...

Page 104: ...e LOCK Bool Set keyboard lock state MODEL Return model name OCP Bool Set over current protection state OISET NRf Set or return over current protection value OPP Bool Set over power protection state OP...

Page 105: ...ds is used to select the instrument based on their address to control obtain and set its system settings Command Description CADR Select the address which can be 1 to 30 of the power supply to access...

Page 106: ...urrent data COUT Turn the output to ON or OFF COUT Return the output On Off status COV Set the OVP level COV Return the OVP setting level COVP Set the OVP on off COVP Return the OVP on off COC Set the...

Page 107: ...el GOVP Set the OVP on off GOC Set the OCP level GOCP Set the OCP on off Error List When using any of the commands for multi unit programming for configuration a response string is returned If the com...

Page 108: ...tus Bit2 Output ON OFF status Bit1 Reserved Bit0 Reserved Byte1 Bit7 OVP occurred flag Bit6 OCP occurred flag Bit5 OPP occurred flag Bit4 CC to CV protection occurred flag Bit3 CV to CC protection occ...

Page 109: ...s This instrument features closed case calibration To perform the calibration the following equipment is required 5 digit digital multimeter DMM B K Precision 5491B or equivalent The following calibra...

Page 110: ...l voltage programming 6 External current programming 7 Constant current of external voltage programming 8 Constant current of external current programming These options are only accessible in the cali...

Page 111: ...d press The following will be displayed The P 1 4 signifies there are 4 points to be calibrated and the current calibration point is 1 3 Input the voltage reading from the DMM in the METER parameter b...

Page 112: ...Current Calibration Diagram 2 Set the DMM to a DC current measurement Select the CURRENT parameter in the CAL menu and press The following will be displayed The P 1 4 signifies there are 4 points to b...

Page 113: ...llow the steps below to perform the overvoltage protection calibration 1 Disconnect any load from the output terminal of the power supply 2 Select the OVP parameter in the CAL menu and press The follo...

Page 114: ...ion 1 Short the output and terminals of the power supply as shown below Figure 5 3 OCP Calibration Diagram 2 Select the OCP parameter in the CAL menu and press The following will be displayed 3 Press...

Page 115: ...ternal analog control terminals of DB25 connector on the DMM to Pins 9 and 11 on the DMM to Pin 22 GND on the rear of the power supply as shown in the figure below Figure 5 4 External Voltage Programm...

Page 116: ...re by entering the meter readings for points 2 5 6 External Current Programming Calibration Follow the steps below to perform the external current programming calibration 1 Connect the DMM to the exte...

Page 117: ...parameter by using the numeric keypad and press 4 Repeat this procedure by entering the meter readings for points 2 5 7 CC Calibration of External Voltage Follow the steps below to perform the calibra...

Page 118: ...nto the METER parameter by using the numeric keypad and press 5 8 CC Calibration of External Current Follow the steps below to perform the calibration procedure for the constant current source of the...

Page 119: ...ent Diagram 2 Set the DMM to a DC current measurement Select the EXT_I_CC parameter in the CAL menu and press The following will be displayed 3 Input the current reading from the DMM into the METER pa...

Page 120: ...pply that automatically crosses over from CV to CC upon a load which draws current at the current limit ISET Therefore it is dependent on the load For example if ISET is configured as 1 A the load mus...

Page 121: ...ASCII strings that are terminated with a CR carriage return and LF linefeed character For RS 232 and RS 485 check that the baud rate parity data bits stop bit and flow control settings match with the...

Page 122: ...operated with maximum relative humidity of 90 Model PVS60085 PVS60085MR PVS10005 Output Rating Output Voltage1 0 600 V 0 1000 V Output Current2 0 8 5 A 0 5 A Output Power 5100 W 3000 W 5000 W Line Re...

Page 123: ...e 20 ms 20 ms Efficiency5 90 90 Power Factor 0 99 0 99 Remote Sense Compensation 6 V 10 V Rising Time at Full Load 100 ms 250 ms Rising Time at No Load 100 ms 250 ms Falling Time at Full Load 100 ms 1...

Page 124: ...ltage to recover within 0 5 of its rated output for a load change 50 100 of rated output current 5 90 typical at nominal line and max load 6 10 of output de rated when operating below 190 VAC To ensur...

Page 125: ...probes connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Customers not on an open account must include payment in the form of a money order or credit card For the most current repair char...

Page 126: ...instrument via our website www bkprecision com Exclusions This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs The warranty...

Page 127: ...22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 www bkprecision com 2014 2018 B K Precision Corp Printed in Taiwan v082018...

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