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American Megatrends MegaRAID Express 500, Hardware Manual

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American Megatrends MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Manual Download Page 23

Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID

9

Disk Striping

Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk
drive. Disk striping involves partitioning each drive storage space into stripes
that can vary in size from 2 KB to 128 KB. These stripes are interleaved in a
repeated sequential manner. The combined storage space is composed of stripes
from each drive. MegaRAID Express 500 supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8
KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.

For example, in a four-disk system using only disk striping (as in RAID level 0),
segment 1 is written to disk 1, segment 2 is written to disk 2, and so on. Disk
striping enhances performance because multiple drives are accessed
simultaneously; but disk striping does not provide data redundancy.

Stripe Width

Stripe width is a measure of the number of disks involved in an array where
striping is implemented. For example, a four-disk array with disk striping has a
stripe width of four.

Stripe Size

The stripe size is the length of the interleaved data segments that MegaRAID
Express 500 writes across multiple drives. MegaRAID Express 500 supports
stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.

Summary of Contents for MegaRAID Express 500

Page 1: ...MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide Preliminary Draft MAN 475 4 14 2000 ...

Page 2: ...oft Corporation SCO UnixWare and Unix are registered trademarks of the Santa Cruz Operation Inc Novell NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell Corporation IBM AT VGA PS 2 and OS 2 are registered trademarks and XT and CGA are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation NEC is a registered trademark of Nippon Electric Corporation Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation T...

Page 3: ...apter 6 MegaRAID Express 500 Host Based RAID Solution 7 RAID Overview 8 Consistency Check 8 Fault Tolerance 8 Disk Striping 9 Disk Spanning 10 Disk Mirroring 11 Parity 12 Hot Spares 13 Disk Rebuild 14 Logical Drive 15 Hot Swap 15 SCSI Drive States 15 Logical Drive States 15 Disk Array Types 16 Enclosure Management 16 3 RAID Levels 17 Selecting a RAID Level 18 RAID 0 19 RAID 1 20 RAID 3 21 RAID 5 2...

Page 4: ...3 Cache Memory 33 MegaRAID BIOS 34 Onboard Speaker 34 Serial Port 34 SCSI Bus 34 SCSI Connectors 35 SCSI Termination 35 SCSI Firmware 35 RAID Management 36 Fault Tolerance Features 37 Compatibility 38 Summary 38 5 Configuring MegaRAID Express 500 39 Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 39 Current Configuration 40 Logical Drive Configuration 40 Physical Device Layout 42 Configuring Arrays 44 Configurat...

Page 5: ...Cables 64 Step 9 Set Target IDs 65 Device Identification on MegaRAID Express 500 66 Step 10 Power Up 67 Step 11 Run MegaRAID BIOS Setup 67 Step 12 Install the Operating System Driver 68 7 Troubleshooting 71 BIOS Boot Error Messages 73 Other BIOS Error Messages 75 DOS ASPI Driver Error Messages 76 Other Potential Problems 77 A SCSI Cables and Connectors 79 SCSI Connectors 79 68 Pin High Density SCS...

Page 6: ...ils Limitations of Liability American Megatrends Inc shall in no event be held liable for any loss expenses or damages of any kind whatsoever whether direct indirect incidental or consequential whether arising from the design or use of this product or the support materials provided with the product No action or proceeding against American Megatrends may be commenced more than two years after the d...

Page 7: ...are license agreement on CD a warranty registration card on CD Technical Support If you need help installing configuring or running the MegaRAID Express 500 PCI RAID Controller call your American Megatrends OEM Technical Support representative Before you call please complete the MegaRAID Problem Report form on the next page Web Site We invite you to access the American Megatrends world wide web si...

Page 8: ...erboard BIOS manufacturer Operating System BIOS Date Op Sys Ver Video Adapter MegaRAID Driver Ver CPU Type Speed Network Card System Memory Other disk controllers installed Other adapter cards installed Description of problem Steps necessary to re create problem 1 2 3 4 Logical Drive Configuration Logical Drive RAID Level Stripe Size Logical Drive Size Cache Policy Read Policy Write Policy of Phys...

Page 9: ...Logical Drive RAID Level Stripe Size Logical Drive Size Cache Policy Read Policy Write Policy of Physical Drives LD21 LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25 LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39 LD40 ...

Page 10: ...Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number...

Page 11: ...ive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level ...

Page 12: ...trends provides this publication as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties or the limitation or exclusion of liability for indirect special exemplary incidental or consequential damages in certain transact...

Page 13: ...equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which t...

Page 14: ...MegaRAID Express500 Hardware Guide xiv ...

Page 15: ...D features and performance Features MegaRAID Express 500 features include provides a high performance I O migration path while preserving existing PCI SCSI software Performs SCSI data transfers up to 160 MB s performs synchronous operation on a wide LVD SCSI bus allows up to 15 LVD SCSI devices on the wide bus includes an Intel i960RM that performs RAID calculations and routing supports 8 16 32 64...

Page 16: ...ra SCSI 12 m 15 Wide Ultra SCSI 1 5 m 12 m 7 Wide Ultra SCSI 3 m 12 m 3 Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 7 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 15 Ultra3 SCSI 25m 1 Ultra3 SCSI 12m 7 Wide Ultra3 SCSI 25m 1 Wide Ultra3 SCSI 12m 15 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput SCSI Standard SCSI Bus Width SCSI Throughput SCSI I 8 bits 5 MB s Fast SCSI 8 bits 10 MB s Fast Wide SCSI 16 bits 2...

Page 17: ...system configuration information you will need first Read the MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide first MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide This manual describes the software configuration utilities that configure and modify RAID systems MegaRAID Operating System Drivers Guide This manual provides detailed information about installing the MegaRAID Express 500 operating system drivers ...

Page 18: ...MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide 4 MegaRAID Express 500 Block Diagram ...

Page 19: ...constructing missing data from the remaining data and parity drives RAID Benefits RAID has gained popularity because it improves I O performance and increases storage subsystem reliability RAID provides data security through fault tolerance and redundant data storage The MegaRAID Express 500 management software configures and monitors RAID disk arrays Improved I O Although disk drive capabilities ...

Page 20: ...e 7 RAID overview page 8 Consistency check page 8 Fault tolerance page 8 Disk striping page 9 Disk spanning page 10 Disk mirroring page 11 Parity page 12 Hot spares page 13 Disk rebuilds page 14 Logical drive page 15 Hot swap page 15 SCSI drive states page 15 Logical drive states page 15 Disk array types page 16 Enclosure management page 16 ...

Page 21: ...ustained data transfer rate on the motherboard PCI bus the sustained data transfer rate on the i960RM PCI to PCI bridge the sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI controller the sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI devices the number of SCSI channels the number of SCSI disk drives Host based solutions must provide operating system specific drivers SCSI to SCSI A SCSI to SCSI RAID product put...

Page 22: ...ifies the correctness of redundant data in an array For example in a system with dedicated parity checking consistency means computing the parity of the data drives and comparing the results to the contents of the dedicated parity drive Fault Tolerance Fault tolerance is achieved through cooling fans power supplies and the ability to hot swap drives MegaRAID Express 500 provides hot swapping throu...

Page 23: ...a four disk system using only disk striping as in RAID level 0 segment 1 is written to disk 1 segment 2 is written to disk 2 and so on Disk striping enhances performance because multiple drives are accessed simultaneously but disk striping does not provide data redundancy Stripe Width Stripe width is a measure of the number of disks involved in an array where striping is implemented For example a ...

Page 24: ...iguous In the following graphic RAID 1 array is turned into a RAID 10 array Spanning for RAID 10 RAID 30 or RAID 50 Level Description 10 Configure RAID 10 by spanning two contiguous RAID 1 logical drives The RAID 1 logical drives must have the same stripe size 30 Configure RAID 30 by spanning two contiguous RAID 3 logical drives The RAID 3 logical drives must have the same stripe size 50 Configure...

Page 25: ...system and reconstruct the failed drive The primary advantage of disk mirroring is that it provides 100 data redundancy Since the contents of the disk drive are completely written to a second drive it does not matter if one of the drives fails Both drives contain the same data at all times Either drive can act as the operational drive Disk mirroring provides 100 redundancy but is expensive because...

Page 26: ...ore disk drives is stored on an additional disk Distributed Parity The parity data is distributed across all drives in the system If a single disk drive fails it can be rebuilt from the parity and the data on the remaining drives RAID level 3 combines dedicated parity with disk striping The parity disk in RAID 3 is the last logical drive in a RAID set RAID level 5 combines distributed parity with ...

Page 27: ...of fault tolerance and zero downtime The MegaRAID Express 500 RAID Management software allows you to specify physical drives as hot spares When a hot spare is needed the MegaRAID Express 500 controller assigns the hot spare that has a capacity closest to and at least as great as that of the failed drive to take the place of the failed drive Important Hot spares are employed only in arrays with red...

Page 28: ...500 controller automatically and transparently rebuilds failed drives with user definable rebuild rates If a hot spare is available the rebuild starts automatically when a drive fails MegaRAID Express 500 automatically restarts the system and the rebuild if the system goes down during a rebuild Rebuild Rate The rebuild rate is the fraction of the compute cycles dedicated to rebuilding failed drive...

Page 29: ...n one of these states State Description Online ONLIN The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured logical drive Ready READY The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare Hot Spare HOTSP The drive is powered up and ready for use as a spare in case an online drive fails Fail FAIL A fault has occurred in the dri...

Page 30: ...SCSI adapter and the array controller Bus Based The array controller resides on the bus for example a PCI or EISA bus in the host computer and has its own CPU to generate the parity and handle other RAID functions A bus based controller can transfer data at the speed of the host bus PCI ISA EISA VL Bus but is limited to the bus it is designed for MegaRAID Express 500 resides on a PCI bus which can...

Page 31: ... page 21 5 Standard page 23 10 MegaRAID Express 500 only page 24 30 MegaRAID Express 500 only page 25 50 MegaRAID Express 500 only page 26 Select RAID Level To ensure the best performance you should select the optimal RAID level when you create a system drive The optimal RAID level for your disk array depends on a number of factors the number of drives in the disk array the capacity of the drives ...

Page 32: ... non interactive apps that process large files sequentially Achieves data redundancy at low cost Performance not as good as RAID 1 Three to eight Yes 5 Disk striping and parity data across all drives Use for high read volume but low write volume such as transaction processing Achieves data redundancy at low cost Performance not as good as RAID 1 Three to eight Yes 10 Data striping and mirrored dri...

Page 33: ...idth By breaking up a large file into smaller blocks MegaRAID Express 500 can use several drives to read or write the file faster RAID 0 involves no parity calculations to complicate the write operation This makes RAID 0 ideal for applications that require high bandwidth but do not require fault tolerance Uses RAID 0 provides high data throughput especially for large files Any environment that doe...

Page 34: ...equired data storage capacity Uses Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment that requires fault tolerance but small capacity Strong Points RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy RAID 1 is ideal for any application that requires fault tolerance and minimal capacity Weak Points RAID 1 requires twice as many disk drives Performance is impaired during drive rebuilds Drives 2 4 6 or 8 ...

Page 35: ... parameter which is set during the creation of the RAID set If a single drive fails a RAID 3 array continues to operate in degraded mode If the failed drive is a data drive writes will continue as normal except no data is written to the failed drive Reads reconstruct the data on the failed drive by performing an exclusive or operation on the remaining data in the stripe and the parity for that str...

Page 36: ... operations scattered randomly and widely across the disks in the logical drive The RAID 3 fixed parity disk becomes a bottleneck in such applications For example The host attempts to make two small writes and the writes are widely scattered involving two different stripes and different disk drives Ideally both writes should take place at the same time But this is not possible in RAID 3 since the ...

Page 37: ...vides high data throughput especially for large files Use RAID 5 for transaction processing applications because each drive can read and write independently If a drive fails MegaRAID Express 500 uses the parity drive to recreate all missing information Use also for office automation and online customer service that requires fault tolerance Use for any application that has high read request rates b...

Page 38: ...o four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 1 array Uses RAID 10 works best for data storage that must have 100 redundancy of mirrored arrays and that also needs the enhanced I O performance of RAID 0 striped arrays RAID 10 works well for medium sized databases or any environment that requires a higher degree of fault tolerance and moderate to ...

Page 39: ...ut one drive in the array The parity data created during the exclusive or is then written to the last drive in each RAID 3 array The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter which is set during the creation of the RAID set RAID 30 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 3 array Uses Use RAID 30 for sequ...

Page 40: ... or on the blocks and then writes the blocks of data and parity to each drive in the array The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter which is set during the creation of the RAID set RAID 50 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 5 array Uses RAID 50 works best when used with data that requires high ...

Page 41: ...features fault tolerance features utility programs software drivers SMART Technology The MegaRAID Express 500 Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology SMART detects up to 70 of all predictable drive failures SMART monitors the internal performance of all motors heads and drive electronics Configuration on Disk Configuration on Disk drive roaming saves configuration information both in NVR...

Page 42: ...adable cache size 8 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB or 128 MB Cache Function Write through write back ARA NRA RA Multiple logical drives arrays per controller Up to 40 logical drives per controller Maximum number of MegaRAID Express 500 controller per system 12 Online capacity expansion Yes Dedicated and pool hot spare Yes Flashable firmware Yes Hot swap devices supported Yes Non disk devices supported Yes M...

Page 43: ...SCSI bus termination Active single ended or LVD Double sided DIMMs Yes Auxiliary TermPWR source No Direct I O bandwidth 132 MB s Array Performance Features The array performance features include Specification Feature Host data transfer rate 132 MB s Drive data transfer rate 160 MB s Maximum Scatter Gathers 26 elements Maximum size of I O requests 6 4 MB in 64 KB stripes Maximum Queue Tags per driv...

Page 44: ...e sizes Yes Web based management tools Not released yet Windows NT and NetWare server support via GUI client utility Yes SCO Unix OS 2 and UnixWare server support via GUI client utility Yes DMI support Yes Management through an industry standard browser Not released yet Fault Tolerance Features The fault tolerance features include Specification Feature Support for SMART Yes Enclosure management SA...

Page 45: ... TCP IP Yes Operating System Software Drivers Operating System Drivers MegaRAID Express 500 includes a DOS software configuration utility and drivers for Windows NT V4 0 Novell NetWare 4 x OS 2 SCO UnixWare 2 1x and SCO Open Server R5 0x The DOS drivers for MegaRAID Express 500 are contained in the firmware on MegaRAID Express 500 except the DOS ASPI and CD ROM drivers Call your American Megatrend...

Page 46: ... 5 00 V 0 25 V SCSI Controller One SCSI controller for 160 M Ultra and Wide support SCSI Data Transfer Rate Up to 160 MB s SCSI Bus LVD or single ended SCSI Termination Active Termination Disable Automatic through cable and device detection Devices per SCSI Channel Up to 15 wide or seven non wide SCSI devices Up to 6 non disk SCSI drives per MegaRAID Express 500 controller SCSI Device Types Suppor...

Page 47: ...ssing SCSI bus transfers RAID processing drive rebuilding cache management and error recovery Cache Memory MegaRAID Express 500 cache memory resides in a memory bank that uses 2 M x 72 16 MB 4 M x 72 32 MB 8 M x 72 64 MB or 16 M x 72 128 MB unbuffered 3 3V SDRAM Possible configurations are 8 16 32 64 or 128 MB The maximum achievable memory bandwidth is 528 MB s MegaRAID Express 500 supports write ...

Page 48: ...hen system errors occur Audible warnings can be generated through this speaker The audible warnings are listed on page 89 Serial Port MegaRAID Express 500 includes a 3 pin RS232C compatible serial port berg connector which can connect to communications devices SCSI Bus MegaRAID Express 500 has a Fast and Wide Ultra 160M SCSI channel that supports both LVD and single ended devices with active termi...

Page 49: ... is automatic through cable detection SCSI Firmware The MegaRAID Express 500 firmware handles all RAID and SCSI command processing and also supports Feature Description Disconnect Reconnect Optimizes SCSI Bus seek Tagged Command Queuing Multiple tags to improve random access Scatter Gather Multiple address count pairs Multi threading Up to 255 simultaneous commands with elevator sorting and concat...

Page 50: ...es and maintains RAID arrays formats disk drives and manages the RAID system It is independent of any operating system See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information Power Console 500 Power Console 500 runs in Windows NT It configures monitors and maintains multiple RAID servers from any network node or a remote location See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for a...

Page 51: ...ion required hot swap manual replacement without bringing the system down and SAF TE compliant enclosure management Detect Failed Drive The MegaRAID Express 500 firmware automatically detects and rebuilds failed drives This can be done transparently with hot spares Hot Swap MegaRAID Express 500 supports the manual replacement of a disk unit in the RAID subsystem without system shutdown ...

Page 52: ...gaRAID Express 500 supports SCSI hard disk drives CD ROMs tape drives optical drives DAT drives and other SCSI peripheral devices Software All SCSI backup and utility software should work with MegaRAID Express 500 Software that has been tested and approved for use with MegaRAID Express 500 includes Cheyenne CorelSCSI Arcserve and Novaback This software is not provided with MegaRAID Express 500 Sum...

Page 53: ...should observe the following guidelines when connecting and configuring SCSI devices in a RAID array attach non disk SCSI devices to a single SCSI channel that does not have any disk drives you can place up to eight physical disk drives in an array include all drives that have the same capacity to the same array make sure any hot spare has a capacity that is at least as large as the largest drive ...

Page 54: ...1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Logical Drive Configuration Logical Drive RAID Level Stripe Size Logical Drive Size Cache Policy Read Policy Write Policy of Physical Drives LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21 LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25 LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 ...

Page 55: ... Configuring MegaRAID Express 500 41 Logical Drive RAID Level Stripe Size Logical Drive Size Cache Policy Read Policy Write Policy of Physical Drives LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39 LD40 Cont d ...

Page 56: ... Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Numbe...

Page 57: ...al Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number Drive Number Manufacturer Model Number Firmware level ...

Page 58: ...in the group are spanned Spanned drives can be treated as one large drive Data can be striped across multiple arrays as one logical drive You can create spanned drives by using the MegaRAID BIOS Setup utility or the MegaRAID Manager Creating Hot Spares Any drive that is present formatted and initialized but is not included in a array or logical drive is automatically designated as a hot spare You ...

Page 59: ...s assumed RAID Level Description Drives Required Capacity 0 Striping without parity 1 32 Number of disks X capacity of smallest disk 1 Mirroring 2 Capacity of smallest disk X 1 3 Striping with fixed parity drive 3 8 Number of disks X capacity of smallest disk capacity of 1 disk 5 Striping with floating parity drive 3 8 Number of disks X capacity of smallest disk capacity of 1 disk 10 Mirroring and...

Page 60: ...ss all drives in two or more arrays 50 100 protection through data striping and parity All data is striped and parity data is written across all drives in two or more arrays Maximizing Drive Performance You can configure an array for optimal performance But optimal drive configuration for one type of application will probably not be optimal for any other application A basic guideline of the perfor...

Page 61: ...s perform the following actions to prepare a RAID disk array Step Action 1 Optimize the MegaRAID Express 500 controller options for your system See Chapter 6 for additional information 2 Perform a low level format the SCSI drives that will be included in the array and the drives to be used for hot spares 3 Press Ctrl M to run the MegaRAID Manager 4 Define and configure one or more logical drives S...

Page 62: ...ored on a general purpose file server involves relatively short read and write operations with relatively small files Array Functions You must first define the major purpose of the disk array Will this disk array increase the system storage capacity for general purpose file and print servers Does this disk array support any software system that must be available 24 hours per day Will the informati...

Page 63: ...hot spares Amount of cache memory installed on MegaRAID Express 500 Are all of the disk drives and the server protected by a UPS Using the Array Configuration Planner The following table lists the possible RAID levels fault tolerance and effective capacity for all possible drive configurations for an array consisting of one to eight drives This table does not take into account any hot spare standb...

Page 64: ...AID 3 Good Yes 67 3 RAID 5 Good Yes 67 4 None Excellent No 100 4 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 4 RAID 1 Good Yes 50 4 RAID 3 Good Yes 75 4 RAID 5 Good Yes 75 4 RAID 10 Good Yes 50 5 None Excellent No 100 5 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 5 RAID 3 Good Yes 80 5 RAID 5 Good Yes 80 6 None Excellent No 100 6 RAID 0 Excellent No 100 6 RAID 1 Good Yes 50 6 RAID 3 Good Yes 83 6 RAID 5 Good Yes 83 6 RAID 10 Good Yes 50...

Page 65: ...osures and system components 2 Prepare the host system See the host system technical documentation 3 Determine the SCSI ID and SCSI termination requirements 4 Make sure the jumper settings on the MegaRAID Express 500 controller are correct Install the cache memory 5 Install the MegaRAID in the server and attach the SCSI cables and terminators as needed Make sure Pin 1 on the cable matches Pin 1 on...

Page 66: ... Turn the computer off and remove the cover 3 Make sure the motherboard jumper settings are correct 4 Install cache memory on the MegaRAID Express 500 card 8 MB minimum cache memory is required 5 Check the jumper settings on the MegaRAID Express 500 controller See page 55 for the MegaRAID Express 500 jumper settings 6 Set SCSI termination 7 Install the MegaRAID Express 500 card 8 Connect the SCSI ...

Page 67: ...onfiguration Software Guide the MegaRAID Operating System Drivers Guide the MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide the software license agreement the MegaRAID Express 500 Configuration Utilities for DOS the warranty registration card Step 2 Power Down Turn off the computer and remove the cover Make sure the computer is turned off and disconnected from any networks before installing the controller car...

Page 68: ...Express 500 is operational SDRAM SDRAM specifications are specified below Memory Type Volt Speed Parity Type BBU Support Bank I Total Memory SDRAM 3 3 V PC 100 Yes Single sided Yes 2M x 72 16 MB SDRAM 3 3 V PC 100 Yes Single sided Yes 4M x 72 32 MB SDRAM 3 3 V PC 100 Yes Double sided Yes 4M x 72 32 MB SDRAM 3 3 V PC 100 Yes Single sided Yes 8M x 72 64 MB SDRAM 3 3 V PC 100 Yes Double sided Yes 8M ...

Page 69: ...ist of approved memory vendors Install cache memory on the MegaRAID Express 500 card in the DIMM socket This socket accepts a 168 pin DIMM Lay the controller card component side up on a clean static free surface to install the DIMM The memory socket is a right angle connector and is mounted flush with the MegaRAID card The DIMM card when properly installed will be parallel to the MegaRAID card The...

Page 70: ...r J4 Serial EPROM 2 pin header J5 Serial port 3 pin header J6 Write Pending 2 pin header J7 BIOS enable 2 pin header J8 User activity LED 4 pin connector J9 I2C connector 4 pin header J10 SCSI bus termination power 2 pin header J11 Internal straddle mount connector 68 pin connector J13 External SCSI connector 68 pin connector J15 Rub1 slot interrupt steering 3 pin header J16 Rub1 slot interrupt st...

Page 71: ...nation OPEN J9 I2C Interface Connector J9 is a four pin header that allows the i960JX core processor to serve as a master and slave device that resided on the I2C bus when used with the I2C Bus Interface Unit Attach a four wire cable from J9 to the I2C Bus Interface Unit Pin Description 1 GND 2 SDA 3 VCC 4 SCL J5 Serial Port J5 is a 9 pin berg that attaches to a serial cable The pinout is Pin Sign...

Page 72: ...werJ10 is a 2 pin jumper The factory setting is Pins 1 2 shorted Pins 1 2 should always be shorted for J10 to enable onboard term power J15 Rub1 Slot Interrupt Steering J15 is a 3 pin jumper You can short the pins for a standard PCI slot or a PCI RUBI slot Short For Pins 1 2 Standard PCI slot Pins 2 3 PCI RUBI slot J12 J13 Rub1 Slot Interrupt Steering J12 and J13 are 3 pin jumpers You can short th...

Page 73: ...lways enabled regardless of the configuration However you can override this setting by setting another state For a disk array set SCSI bus termination so that removing or adding a SCSI device does not disturb termination An easy way to do this is to connect the MegaRAID Express 500 card to one end of the SCSI cable and to connect an external terminator module at the other end of the cable The conn...

Page 74: ...an terminate the other end of the SCSI bus by attaching an external SCSI terminator module to the end of the cable or by attaching a SCSI device that internally terminates the SCSI bus at the end of the SCSI channel Selecting a Terminator Use standard external SCSI terminators on a SCSI channel operating at 10 MB s or higher synchronous data transfer Terminating Internal SCSI Disk Arrays Set the t...

Page 75: ...terminator module that is not part of any SCSI drive In this way SCSI termination is not disturbed when any drive is removed as shown below Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays You can use both internal and external drives with MegaRAID Express 500 You still must make sure that the proper SCSI termination and termination power is preserved as shown below Cont d ...

Page 76: ...rive set to SCSI ID 2 CD ROM drive set to SCSI ID 5 Make sure that no hard disk drives are attached to the same SCSI channel as the non disk SCSI devices Drive performance will be significantly degraded if SCSI hard disk drives are attached to this channel Warning Since all non disk SCSI devices are single ended it is not advisable to attach a non disk device to a MegaRAID Express 500 RAID control...

Page 77: ...aRAID Express 500 controller card bus connector to the slot Press down gently but firmly to make sure that the card is properly seated in the slot The bottom edge of the controller card should be flush with the slot Insert the MegaRAID Express 500 card in a PCI slot as shown below Screw the bracket to the computer frame ...

Page 78: ...t SCSI Connect SCSI Devices When connecting SCSI devices Step Action 1 Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at the end of the SCSI bus 2 Configure all SCSI devices to supply TermPWR 3 Set proper target IDs TIDs for all SCSI devices 4 The cable length should not exceed three meters for Fast SCSI 10 MB s devices or single ended 1 5 meters for Ultra SCSI devices The cable length c...

Page 79: ...t or rounded and shielded or non shielded ribbon cables have fairly good cross talk rejection characteristics Step 9 Set Target IDs Set target identifiers TIDs on the SCSI devices Each device in a specific SCSI channel must have a unique TID in that channel Non disk devices CD ROM or tapes should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel where they are connected See the documentation for each...

Page 80: ...present logical drives The SCSI 2 ANSI specification has a limit of eight LUNs per ID The SCSI 3 specification increased the number of LUNs to 16 An example of ID mapping follows Example of MegaRAID Express 500 ID Mapping ID Channel 1 0 A1 1 1 A2 1 2 CD 3 A2 5 4 CD 5 A4 1 6 Optical 7 Reserved 8 A5 2 9 A5 6 10 A6 1 11 A6 4 12 A6 7 13 A7 2 14 A7 5 15 A7 8 As Presented to the Operating System ID LUN ...

Page 81: ...s to initialize During this time the adapter will scan the SCSI channel When ready the following appears Host Adapter 1 Firmware Version x xx DRAM Size 4 MB 0 Logical Drives found on the Host Adapter 0 Logical Drives handled by BIOS Press Ctrl M to run MegaRAID Express 500 BIOS Configuration Utility The Ctrl M utility prompt times out after several seconds The MegaRAID Express 500 host adapter con...

Page 82: ...x MegaRAID Express adapters you should only configure one MegaRAID adapter per system if possible ASPI Driver The ASPI driver is MEGASPI SYS It supports disk drives tape drives CD ROM drives etc You can use it to run CorelSCSI Novaback PC Tools and other software that requires an ASPI driver CorelSCSI Novaback and PC Tools are not provided with MegaRAID Express Copy MEGASPI SYS to your hard disk d...

Page 83: ...nstall the CD ROM device driver See the instructions on the previous page for adding the MEGASPI SYS driver Copy AMICDROM SYS to the root directory of the C drive Add the following line to CONFIG SYS making sure it is preceded by the line for MEGASPI SYS DEVICE C AMICDROM SYS Add the following to AUTOEXEC BAT Make sure it precedes the SMARTDRV EXE line MSCDEX D MSCD001 MSCDEX is the CD ROM drive e...

Page 84: ...Configuration Software Guide for all information about MegaRAID Express 500 software utilities The utility programs for configuring MegaRAID Express 500 are Configuration Utility Operating System MegaRAID BIOS Setup independent of the operating system MegaRAID Manager DOS SCO UNIX SVR3 2 Novell NetWare 3 x 4 x SCO UnixWare Power Console 500 Microsoft Windows NT Windows 95 ...

Page 85: ...the drive continues to fail replace the drive with another drive with the same capacity Pressed Ctrl M Ran Megaconf exe and tried to make a new configuration The system hangs when scanning devices Check the drives IDs on each channel to make sure each device has a different ID Check the termination The device at the end of the channel must be terminated Replace the drive cable Multiple drives conn...

Page 86: ...ress 500 card if only one cable is connected to a channel Make sure on a channel basis only two type of cables are connected at any one time Make sure that the MegaRAID Express 500 controller is properly seated in the PCI slot What SCSI IDs can a non hard disk device have and what is maximum number allowed per adapter Non hard disk devices can accommodate only SCSI IDs 1 2 3 4 5 or 6 regardless of...

Page 87: ...he configuration stored in the MegaRAID Express 500 adapter does not match the configuration stored in the drives Press a key to run MegaRAID Manager Choose View Add Configuration from the Configure menu Use View Add Configuration to examine both the configuration in NVRAM and the configuration stored on the disk drives Resolve the problem by selecting one of the configurations 1 Logical Drive Fai...

Page 88: ...fficient memory to run BIOS Press any key to continue Not enough MegaRAID Express 500 memory to run MegaRAID BIOS Make sure MegaRAID Express 500 memory has been properly installed Insufficient Memory Not enough memory on the MegaRAID Express adapter to support the current configuration Make sure MegaRAID Express memory has been properly installed The following SCSI IDs are not responding Channel x...

Page 89: ...e roaming feature found the same data on two or more physical drive on channel x with SCSI IDs a b and c MegaRAID Express cannot determine the drive that has the duplicate information Remove the drive or drives that should not be used Unresolved configuration mismatch between disks and NVRAM on the adapter The configuration stored in the MegaRAID Express NVRAM does not match the configuration stor...

Page 90: ...ion count 0x83 Invalid completion status received 0x84 Invalid command ID received 0x85 No MegaRAID Express adapters found or no PCI BIOS support 0x90 Unknown Setup completion error No non disk devices were located The driver did not find any non hard drive devices during scanning A SCSI device that is not a hard disk drive such as a tape drive or CD ROM drive must be attached to this SCSI channel...

Page 91: ...enu Select View Update Parameters Set Virtual Sizing to Enabled BSD Unix We do not provide a driver for BSDI Unix MegaRAID Express 500 does not support BSDI Unix Multiple LUNs MegaRAID Express 500 supports one LUN per each target ID No multiple LUN devices are supported MegaRAID Express Power Requirements The Maximum MegaRAID Express 500 power requirements are 15 watts at 5V and 3 Amps SCSI Bus Re...

Page 92: ...ts Windows NT Setup from performing disk controller detection This allows you to install the driver from the Drivers disk you created All SCSI adapters must be installed manually 3 When Windows NT Setup displays Setup could not determine the type of one or more mass storage devices installed in your system or you have chosen to manually specify an adapter press S to display a list of supported SCS...

Page 93: ...00 to wide SCSI devices The following connector pinouts are provided for both single ended and differential primary bus P CABLE as specified in the SPI SCSI Parallel Interface documentation The cable assemblies that interface with the 68 pin connector are flat ribbon or twisted pair cable for connecting internal wide SCSI devices flat ribbon or twisted pair cable for connecting internal and extern...

Page 94: ...ued Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devices The cable assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices is shown below pin 1 pin 1 pin 1 Connectors 68 position plug male AMP 786090 7 Cable Flat Ribbon or Twisted Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0 025 Centerline 30 AWG Cont d ...

Page 95: ... and external wide SCSI devices is shown below pin 1 pin 1 pin 1 Connector A 68 position panel mount receptacle with 4 40 holes female AMP 786096 7 NOTE To convert to 2 56 holes use screwlock kit 749087 1 749087 2 or 750644 1 from AMP Connector B 68 position plug male AMP 786090 7 Cable Flat Ribbon or Twisted Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0 025 Centerline 30 AWG A B B Cont d ...

Page 96: ...8 position plug male AMP 749925 5 Connector B 50 position IDC receptacle female AMP 499252 4 1 746285 0 1 746288 0 Wire Twisted Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 pair 0 050 centerline 28 AWG A B B pin 1 68 POSITION CONNECTOR CONTACT NUMBER 50 POSITION CONNECTOR CONTACT NUMBER 1 6 2 40 3 7 4 41 20 49 21 16 22 50 23 17 47 29 48 63 49 30 50 64 24 51 25 18 26 52 27 19 OPEN OPEN OPEN ...

Page 97: ... Type 30 The cable assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices to internal non wide SCSI devices is shown below pin 1 pin 1 Connector A 68 position plug male AMP 749925 5 Connector B 50 position plug male AMP 749925 3 Wire Twisted Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 pair 0 050 centerline 28 AWG A B Cont d ...

Page 98: ...090 7 Connector B 50 position plug male AMP 786090 7 Wire Flat ribbon or twisted pair flat cable 50 conductor 0 025 centerline 30 AWG A B SCSI Cable Vendors Manufacturer Telephone Number Cables To Go Voice 800 826 7904 Fax 800 331 2841 System Connection Voice 800 877 1985 Technical Cable Concepts Voice 714 835 1081 GWC Voice 818 579 0888 SCSI Connector Vendors Manufacturer Connector Part Number Ba...

Page 99: ... DB 5 Ground 12 23 24 46 DB 6 Ground 13 25 26 47 DB 7 Ground 14 27 28 48 DB P Ground 15 29 30 49 SWAP L Ground 16 31 32 50 SHELF_OK TERMPWR 17 33 34 51 TERMPWR TERMPWR 18 35 36 52 TERMPWR Reserved 19 37 38 53 Reserved Ground 20 39 40 54 FAULT_CLK H Ground 21 41 42 55 ATN Ground 22 43 44 56 FAULT_DATA H Ground 23 45 46 57 BSY Ground 24 47 48 58 ACK Ground 25 49 50 59 RST Ground 26 51 52 60 MSG Grou...

Page 100: ...hen using 0 025 inch centerline flat ribbon cable with a high density connector AMPLIMITE 050 Series connectors Eight bit devices connected to the P Cable must leave the following signals open DB 8 DB 9 DB 10 DB 11 DB 12 DB 13 DB 14 DB 15 and DB P1 All other signals should be connected as defined Caution Lines labeled RESERVED should be connected to Ground in the bus terminator assemblies or in th...

Page 101: ... DB 7 13 25 26 47 DB 7 DB P 14 27 28 48 DB P Ground 15 29 30 49 Ground DIFFSENS 16 31 32 50 Ground TERMPWR 17 33 34 51 TERMPWR TERMPWR 18 35 36 52 TERMPWR Reserved 19 37 38 53 Reserved Ground 20 39 40 54 Ground ATN 21 41 42 55 ATN Ground 22 43 44 56 Ground BSY 23 45 46 57 BSY ACK 24 47 48 58 ACK RST 25 49 50 59 RST MSG 26 51 52 60 MSG SEL 27 53 54 61 SEL C D 28 55 56 62 C D REQ 29 57 58 63 REQ I O...

Page 102: ...MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide 88 ...

Page 103: ...nfiguration failed Two or more drives in a RAID 1 3 or 5 configuration failed One second on and one second off A logical drive is running in degraded mode One drive in a RAID 3 or 5 configuration failed One second on and three seconds off An automatically initiated rebuild has been completed While you were away from the system a disk drive in a RAID 1 3 or 5 configuration failed and was rebuilt Im...

Page 104: ...MegaRAID Express 500 Hardware Guide 90 ...

Page 105: ...to RAID levels 10 30 and 50 respectively See also Disk Spanning Asynchronous Operations Operations that bear no relationship to each other in time and can overlap The concept of asynchronous I O operations is central to independent access arrays in throughput intensive applications Cache I O A small amount of fast memory that holds recently accessed data Caching speeds subsequent access to the sam...

Page 106: ...nclude so called RAM disks implemented using software to control a dedicated portion of a host computer volatile random access memory Disk Array A collection of disks from one or more disk subsystems combined with array management software It controls the disks and presents them to the array operating environment as one or more virtual disks Disk Duplexing A variation on disk mirroring where a sec...

Page 107: ...er is immediately issued If the disk subsystem is capable of processing requests fast enough double buffering allows data to be transferred at the full volume transfer rate Failed Drive A drive that has ceased to function or consistently functions improperly Fast SCSI A variant on the SCSI 2 bus It uses the same 8 bit bus as the original SCSI 1 but runs at up to 10MB double the speed of SCSI 1 Fir...

Page 108: ...spare can be dedicated to a single redundant array or it can be part of the global hot spare pool for all arrays controlled by the adapter Hot Swap The substitution of a replacement unit in a disk subsystem for a defective one where the substitution can be performed while the subsystem is running performing its normal functions Hot swaps are manual I O Driver A host computer software component usu...

Page 109: ... conversion between multiple data addressing schemes especially conversions between member disk block addresses and block addresses of the virtual disks presented to the operating environment by Array Management Software MB Megabyte An abbreviation for 1 000 000 10 to the sixth power bytes It is the same as 1 000 KB kilobytes Multi threaded Having multiple concurrent or pseudo concurrent execution...

Page 110: ... A hard disk drive consists of one or more rigid magnetic discs rotating about a central axle with associated read write heads and electronics Physical Disk Roaming The ability of some adapters to detect when hard drives have been moved to a different slots in the computer for example after a hot swap Protocol A set of formal rules describing how to transmit data especially across a network Low le...

Page 111: ...sed for RAID migration is MEGAMGR and in Windows NT its Power Console If a RAID 1 is being converted to a RAID 0 instead of performing RAID migration one drive can be removed and the other reconfigured on the controller as a RAID 0 This is due to the same data being written to each drive Read Ahead A memory caching capability in some adapters that allows them to read sequentially ahead of requeste...

Page 112: ...osures and reporting enclosure environmental information SCSI Small Computer System Interface A processor independent standard for system level interfacing between a computer and intelligent devices including hard disks floppy disks CD ROM printers scanners etc SCSI can connect up to 7 devices to a single adapter or host adapter on the computer s bus SCSI transfers eight or 16 bits in parallel and...

Page 113: ...system information Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology for disk drives is a specification designed to offer an early warning for some disk drive failures These failures are predicted based upon actual performance degradation of drive components that are then reported back to a user through a graphical interface SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol the most widely used protocol for...

Page 114: ...event reflections e g a 50 ohm resistor connected across the end of an Ethernet cable SCSI chains and some LocalTalk wiring schemes also require terminators Ultra SCSI An extension of SCSI 2 that doubles the transfer speed of Fast SCSI providing 20MBs on an 8 bit connection and 40MBs on a 16 bit connection Ultra2 SCSI An extension of SCSI 2 that doubles the transfer speed of Ultra SCSI providing 4...

Page 115: ...mpatibility 38 Configuration Features 28 Configuration on Disk Configuration 27 Configuration Strategies 45 Configuring Logical Drives 47 Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices 81 Consistency check 8 Consistency Check 92 Converting from Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 3 84 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide 82 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non Wide Type 30 83 CPU 3...

Page 116: ...hannel 1 WIDE 16 bit SCSI connector 56 J18 Disk Activity LED 56 J5 Serial Port 57 J8 Hard Disk LED 58 J9 I2C Interface Connector 57 Jumpers 56 on motherboard 53 L Logical Disk 95 Logical Drive 15 95 Logical Drive States 15 M Mapping 95 MB 95 MegaRAID BIOS 34 MegaRAID BIOS Setup 36 MegaRAID Express 500 Card Installing 63 MegaRAID Express 500 Card Layout 56 MegaRAID Manager 36 Mirroring 11 Motherboa...

Page 117: ...e Vendors 84 SCSI Cables Connecting 64 SCSI Channel 98 SCSI Connectors 32 35 79 SCSI Connectors Vendors 84 SCSI Controller 32 SCSI Data Transfer Rate 32 SCSI Device Compatibility 38 SCSI Device Types Supported 32 SCSI Drive State 15 SCSI Firmware 35 SCSI ID 99 SCSI Termination 32 35 60 Set 59 SCSI to SCSI 16 SCSI to SCSI RAID Product 7 Serial Port 34 Serial port connector 56 Server Management 38 S...

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