ABB DNP 670 Series Communication Protocol Manual Download | Manualshive

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SFP

Small form-factor pluggable (abbreviation)
Optical Ethernet port (explanation)

SLM

Serial communication module.

SMA connector

Subminiature version A, A threaded connector with constant
impedance.

SMT

Signal matrix tool within PCM600

SMS

Station monitoring system

SNTP

Simple network time protocol – is used to synchronize
computer clocks on local area networks. This reduces the
requirement to have accurate hardware clocks in every
embedded system in a network. Each embedded node can
instead synchronize with a remote clock, providing the
required accuracy.

SOF

Status of fault

SPA

Strömberg Protection Acquisition (SPA), a serial master/slave
protocol for point-to-point and ring communication.

SRY

Switch for CB ready condition

ST

Switch or push button to trip

Starpoint

Neutral/Wye point of transformer or generator

SVC

Static VAr compensation

TC

Trip coil

TCS

Trip circuit supervision

TCP

Transmission control protocol. The most common transport
layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet.

TCP/IP

Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol. The de
facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4.2BSD
Unix. TCP/IP was developed by DARPA for Internet working
and encompasses both network layer and transport layer
protocols. While TCP and IP specify two protocols at specific
protocol layers, TCP/IP is often used to refer to the entire US
Department of Defense protocol suite based upon these,
including Telnet, FTP, UDP and RDP.

TEF

Time delayed gound-fault protection function

TLS

Transport Layer Security

TM

Transmit (disturbance data)

Section 5

1MRK 511 391-UUS A

Glossary

58

670 series 2.2 ANSI

Communication protocol manual

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Summary of Contents for DNP 670 Series

Page 1: ...RELION 670 SERIES DNP 670 series Version 2 2 Communication protocol manual ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...Document ID 1MRK 511 391 UUS Issued October 2017 Revision A Product version 2 2 1 Copyright 2017 ABB All rights reserved ...

Page 4: ...erms of such license This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org This product includes cryptographic software written developed by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com and Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com Trademarks ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be...

Page 5: ...product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons including but not limited to personal injuries or death shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity applying the equipment and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be compl...

Page 6: ...directive 2006 95 EC This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255 26 for the EMC directive and with the product standards EN 60255 1 and EN 60255 27 for the low voltage directive The product is designed in accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series and ANSI C37 90 The DNP protocol implementation in the IED conform...

Page 7: ...nk modes 15 DNP3 TCP IP mode 15 DNP3 UDP only mode 16 Internal indications 16 Event reporting 18 Event buffers 18 Command handling 18 Automation bits 18 Apparatus control 18 Binary output status points and control relay output blocks 19 Time synchronization 19 Analog inputs 20 Analog data scaling 20 Analog input signal scaling for DNP3 master presentation 21 DNP3 points 24 Point configuration 24 C...

Page 8: ...ion channel settings 31 Parameter list 33 Parameter list for optical and RS485 communication channel 33 Parameter list for TCP IP 38 Section 5 Glossary 51 Glossary 51 Table of contents 2 670 series 2 2 ANSI Communication protocol manual ...

Page 9: ...4F CC762FE28A3A v11 This manual is intended for the communication system engineer or system integrator responsible for pre engineering and engineering the communication setup in a substation from an IED perspective The system engineer or system integrator must have a basic knowledge of communication in protection and control systems and thorough knowledge of the specific communication protocol 1MR...

Page 10: ...ains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using the various tools available within the PCM600 software The manual provides instructions on how to set up a PCM600 project and insert IEDs to the project structure The manual also recommends a sequence for the engineering of protection and control functions LHMI functions as well as communication engineering for IEC 60870 5 103 IEC 61850 DNP3 LON ...

Page 11: ... The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions and lists function blocks logic diagrams input and output signals setting parameters and technical data sorted per function The manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase installation and commissioning phase and during normal service The comm...

Page 12: ...D670 Document numbers Application manual 1MRK 505 376 UUS Commissioning manual 1MRK 505 378 UUS Product guide 1MRK 505 379 BEN Technical manual 1MRK 505 377 UUS Type test certificate 1MRK 505 379 TUS Documents related to REG670 Document numbers Application manual 1MRK 502 071 UUS Commissioning manual 1MRK 502 073 UUS Product guide 1MRK 502 074 BEN Technical manual 1MRK 502 072 UUS Type test certif...

Page 13: ...d to RER670 Document numbers Application manual Commissioning manual Product guide 1MRK 506 378 BEN Technical manual Type test certificate 670 series manuals Document numbers Operation manual 1MRK 500 127 UUS Engineering manual 1MRK 511 398 UUS Installation manual 1MRK 514 026 UUS Communication protocol manual DNP3 1MRK 511 391 UUS Communication protocol manual IEC 61850 Edition 2 1MRK 511 393 UEN...

Page 14: ...e reader of important facts and conditions The tip icon indicates advice on for example how to design your project or how to use a certain function Although warning hazards are related to personal injury it is necessary to understand that under certain operational conditions operation of damaged equipment may result in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death It is importan...

Page 15: ... a valid application configuration Logic diagrams describe the signal logic inside the function block and are bordered by dashed lines Signals in frames with a shaded area on their right hand side represent setting parameter signals that are only settable via the PST ECT or LHMI If an internal signal path cannot be drawn with a continuous line the suffix int is added to the signal name to indicate...

Page 16: ...10 ...

Page 17: ...tion schematic representation 1 SCADA master station control center 2 External control points 3 Communication links radio microwave spread spectrum twisted pair fibre optics dial up leased line 4 Remote substation station computer and IED 2 1 DNP3 standard AMU0600507 v14 The DNP3 protocol was developed by Westronic based on the early versions of the IEC 60870 5 standard telecontrol protocol specif...

Page 18: ...at the DNP Users Group at www dnp org Data link layer The DNP3 data link layer is designed to operate with asynchronous or synchronous bit serial physical layers Fully balanced transmission procedures were adopted to support spontaneous transmissions from remotes Data link functions include Performing message data link retransmissions Packing user data into the defined frame format includes CRC an...

Page 19: ...t users Sequencing of SDUs Application layer The application layer is responsible for performing operations on data objects defined by the device or on the device itself These operations include returning actual values read function assigning new values write function if the object represents control points arming and energizing the output point select operate or direct operate functions and if co...

Page 20: ...ation GUID 7966A3BB DC5A 47CF B78D D8BF1373C308 v1 This implementation of DNP3 is fully compliant with DNP3 Subset Definition Level 2 and contains significant functionality beyond Subset Level 2 See the device profile for further information Section 2 1MRK 511 391 UUS A DNP3 overview 14 670 series 2 2 ANSI Communication protocol manual ...

Page 21: ... not to change the MasterIPNetMask parameter to anything else than its default 255 255 255 255 unless necessary The parameter should not be mixed up with the subnet mask of the IP configuration The MasterIPNetMask can be used to allow to accept connections from masters that do have dynamic IP addresses within a known range For example if a master changes its IP address dynamically in the range of ...

Page 22: ...en established Further documentation concerning DNP3 TCP IP communication is available in the IP Networking document Volume 7 from www dnp org 3 2 DNP3 UDP only mode GUID 2605E868 4438 49C6 A307 1D18F8022F1F v1 DNP3 UDP only mode is supported by the IED When operating in UDP only mode the parameters UDPPortInitNUL and UDPPortCliMast must be configured If the parameter UDPPortCliMast is set to 0 th...

Page 23: ...nization is via DNP3 No IIN1 5 Local mode Set if some points are uncontrollable via DNP3 No IIN1 6 Device trouble Set if the IED has detected device problems This bit is set when the IED s Internal Fail flag is set No IIN1 7 Device restart Set only under specific conditions Does not indicate an error condition Yes IIN2 0 Function unknown Generally means that the function code octet 2 of the reques...

Page 24: ...owed The protocol requires that a pair of select and operate messages is completely alike and only one sequence number apart This in turn requires masters not to send any requests between the selected message and the operate message otherwise the operate request will be denied Select and Operate requests may contain multiple objects The select control buffer size is large enough to hold 10 of the ...

Page 25: ...een returned from the CROB even though the operation is still in progress Therefore the mentioned outputs from for example SCSWI need to be monitored as a complement This implies that the binary output object should not be assigned to classes 1 2 or 3 A read of the binary outputs returns the last value written to that output 3 6 Time synchronization GUID A64325B9 381F 48A3 8130 8A17EE0C1C80 v4 DNP...

Page 26: ...r size is set 1000 3 7 1 Analog data scaling GUID 21EFDFEB EF2B 462A 8144 38207469785B v6 The four scaling options associated with analog input data reporting are None Ratio Multiplicative and Divisor Ratio multiplicative and divisor scaling methods The PCM600 tool contains four value arguments related to the scaling methods sourceMinVal sourceMaxVal destMinVal and destMaxVal The use of these argu...

Page 27: ...nds Figure 3 presents a typical example of a signal flow in the IED from the CTs VTs to the DNP3 master The CT VT is connected to the IED by the transformer module TRM The SMAI function block is a preprocessor to calculate check the signals for further use in application function blocks of type MMXU MMXU calculates the RMS values for the most used analog signals like V I P Q for example The RMS va...

Page 28: ...sion floating point with flag The IED supports all 32 bit and floating point variants without any additional scaling configuration This is given as long as the MaxSourceVal as it is given in the IED as floating point is in the range of a 32 bit signed integer value max 32 bit 2 147 483 648 Section 3 1MRK 511 391 UUS A Vendor specific implementation 22 670 series 2 2 ANSI Communication protocol man...

Page 29: ...ling factor on base of SourceValue and DestValue and define Equation mode Configure Configuration Table in CMT for all AI values All DNP3 clients done Scale Ratio to degree and resolution for all angle AI values Select next DNP3 client END DNP3 Register 16 12 or 8 bit YES NO NO A IEC08000407 V2 EN US Figure 4 CMT Configuration Flowchart 1MRK 511 391 UUS A Section 3 Vendor specific implementation 6...

Page 30: ...rd Table 2 DNP3 point map configuration Configuration Description None Integrity class 0 scan returns gap Value is available only via static scan Point does not generate events Class 0 Point is returned in the class 0 scan Point does not generate events Class 0 and any class 1 2 3 combination Point is returned in the class 0 scan Point generates events for the selected class or classes Class 1 2 o...

Page 31: ... the previously fetched record is the oldest no fetch is done When a new disturbance is recorded and the outputs are mapped to one of the event classes events are generated but the navigation in the FaultRecord is not affected Hence when the next command is sent from the DNP3 master the fetched position is relative to the last fetch done the position in the FaultRecord before the new disturbance o...

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Page 33: ...he RS485 interface are available in function RS485DNP 1 There are specific settings for the master sessions available in function MSTSERIAL 1 when a master session occurs on the serial channel In function DNPGENTCP 1 the selection of physical ports for the protocol is configured There are specific settings for the TCP IP channel available in functions CH1TCP to CH4TCP and MST1TCP to MS4TCP The cha...

Page 34: ...address that this master session uses for communication ValMasterAddr determines if the stack should validate the source address in receive frames DNP3 frames contain both a source address field and a destination address field If this parameter is set to 0 the stack does not validate the source address and thus the frames whose destination address matches the configured slave session are accepted ...

Page 35: ...nts of a multi fragment response Application layer confirmations are always requested for responses that contain events UREnable determines if unsolicited responses are allowed If set to 0 no unsolicited responses are generated and requests to enable or disable unsolicited responses fail UREvClassMask specifies the initial or new state of the unsolicited event mask This mask is used to determine w...

Page 36: ...ass 3 events before an unsolicited response will be generated tUREvBufTout3 If unsolicited responses are enabled UREnable this parameter specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds before an unsolicited response is generated after an event in class 3 has been received DelOldBufFull If this parameter is set to 1 the event with the earliest timeStamp is deleted when a new event is added to the f...

Page 37: ...on that can be used in two ways Two wire Four wire A two wire connection uses the same signal for RX and TX and is a multidrop communication with no dedicated master or slave This variant requires however a control of the output The four wire connection has separate signals for RX and TX multidrop communication with a dedicated master and the rest are slaves No special control signal is needed in ...

Page 38: ... octets Stopbit defines the number of stop bits for the serial port Parity defines the parity to use for the serial port it can be set to None no parity used Even even parity used Odd odd parity used tRTSWarmUp configures transmitter warm up and warm down delay times in milliseconds If warm up is configured to non zero then at start of the send the transmitter is Enabled This means that the line i...

Page 39: ...isionDetect is only used for RS485 networks thus is only available in RS485DNP function Master session settings for RS485 communication channel MSTSERIAL ChToAssociate defines the channel to which this master session should be associated to The MSTSERIAL function includes the same settings as the MS1TCP to MS4TCP functions except the ChToAssociate setting which is used to select either the serial ...

Page 40: ...ToAssociate RS485 Optical RS485 Channel to associate to SlaveAddress 0 65519 1 1 Slave address MasterAddress 0 65519 1 1 Master address Obj1DefVar 1 BI 2 BI Flags 1 BI Object 1 default variation Obj2DefVar 1 BIEv 2 BIEv AbsTime 3 BIEv RelTime 3 BIEv RelTime Object 2 default variation Obj3DefVar 1 DI 2 DI Flags 1 DI Object 3 default variation Obj4DefVar 1 DIEv 2 DIEv AbsTime 3 DIEv RelTime 3 DIEv R...

Page 41: ...lConfTout 0 00 300 00 s 0 01 10 00 Application layer confim timeout ApplMultFrgRes No Yes Yes Enable application for multiple fragment response ConfMultFrag No Yes Yes Confirm each multiple fragment UREnable No Yes Yes Unsolicited response enabled UREvClassMask Disabled Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 and 2 Class 3 Class 1 and 3 Class 2 and 3 Class 1 2 and 3 Disabled Unsolicited response event class mask ...

Page 42: ...tTimeFormat LocalTime UTC UTC External time format DNPToSetTime No Yes Yes Allow DNP to set time in IED tSynchTimeout 30 3600 s 1 1800 Time synch timeout before error status is generated TSyncReqAfTout No Yes No Time synchronization request after timeout Averag3TimeReq No Yes No Use average of 3 time requests PairedPoint No Yes Yes Enable paired point tSelectTimeout 1 0 60 0 s 0 1 30 0 Select time...

Page 43: ...Unit Step Default Description BaudRate 300 Bd 600 Bd 1200 Bd 2400 Bd 4800 Bd 9600 Bd 19200 Bd 38400 Bd 57600 Bd 115200 Bd 9600 Bd Baud rate for serial port Table 11 CHSERRS485 Non group settings advanced Name Values Range Unit Step Default Description DLinkConfirm Never Sometimes Always Never Data link confirm tDLinkTimeout 0 000 60 000 s 0 001 2 000 Data link confirm timeout in s DLinkRetries 0 2...

Page 44: ...35 1 20000 UDP portfor initial NULL response UDPPortCliMast 0 65535 1 0 UDP port to remote client master Table 13 CH1TCP Non group settings advanced Name Values Range Unit Step Default Description ApLayMaxRxSize 20 2048 1 2048 Application layer maximum Rx fragment size ApLayMaxTxSize 20 2048 1 2048 Application layer maximum Tx fragment size PID 4131 SETTINGS v7 Table 14 CH2TCP Non group settings b...

Page 45: ...Step Default Description ApLayMaxRxSize 20 2048 1 2048 Application layer maximum Rx fragment size ApLayMaxTxSize 20 2048 1 2048 Application layer maximum Tx fragment size PID 4133 SETTINGS v7 Table 18 CH4TCP Non group settings basic Name Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation Disabled TCP IP UDP Only Disabled Operation mode TCPIPLisPort 1 65535 1 20000 TCP IP listen port UDPPortAccDa...

Page 46: ... 1 DI 2 DI Flags 1 DI Object 3 default variation Obj4DefVar 1 DIEv 2 DIEv AbsTime 3 DIEv RelTime 3 DIEv RelTime Object 4 default variation Obj10DefVar 1 BO 2 BO Flags 2 BO Flags Object 10 default variation Obj20DefVar 1 CNT32 Flags 2 CNT16 Flags 5 CNT32 6 CNT16 5 CNT32 Object 20 default variation Obj22DefVar 1 CNTEv32 2 CNTEv16 5 CNTEv32 Time 6 CNTEv16 Time 1 CNTEv32 Object 22 default variation Ob...

Page 47: ... retry delay in s UREvCntThold1 1 100 1 5 Unsolicited response class 1 event count report treshold tVREvBufTout1 0 00 60 00 s 0 01 5 00 Unsolicited response class 1 event buffer timeout UREvCntThold2 1 100 1 5 Unsolicited response class 2 event count report treshold tVREvBufTout2 0 00 60 00 s 0 01 5 00 Unsolicited response class 2 event buffer timeout UREvCntThold3 1 100 1 5 Unsolicited response c...

Page 48: ...erIP Addr 0 18 IP Address 1 0 0 0 0 Master IP address MasterIPNetMsk 0 18 IP Address 1 255 255 255 255 Master IP net mask Obj1DefVar 1 BISingleBit 2 BIWithStatus 1 BISingleBit Object 1 default variation Obj2DefVar 1 BIChWithoutTim e 2 BIChWithTime 3 BIChWithRelTim e 3 BIChWithRelTim e Object 2 default variation Obj3DefVar 1 DIWithoutFlag 2 DIWithFlag 1 DIWithoutFlag Object 3 default variation Obj4...

Page 49: ...nable tApplConfTout 0 00 300 00 s 0 01 10 00 Application layer confim timeout ApplMultFrgRes No Yes Yes Enable application for multiple fragment response ConfMultFrag No Yes Yes Confirm each multiple fragment UREnable No Yes Yes Unsolicited response enabled UREvClassMask Disabled Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 and 2 Class 3 Class 1 and 3 Class 2 and 3 Class 1 2 and 3 Disabled Unsolicited response event c...

Page 50: ...o Yes No Time synchronization request after timeout Averag3TimeReq No Yes No Use average of 3 time requests PairedPoint No Yes Yes Enable paired point tSelectTimeout 1 0 60 0 s 0 1 30 0 Select timeout tBrokenConTout 0 3600 s 1 0 Broken connection timeout tKeepAliveT 0 3600 s 1 10 Keep Alive timer PID 4136 SETTINGS v6 Table 24 MST3TCP Non group settings basic Name Values Range Unit Step Default Des...

Page 51: ...vWith T 1 BinCnt32EvWou tT Object 22 default variation Obj30DefVar 1 AI32Int 2 AI16Int 3 AI32IntWithoutF 4 AI16IntWithoutF 5 AI32FltWithF 6 AI64FltWithF 3 AI32IntWithoutF Object 30 default variation Obj32DefVar 1 AI32IntEvWoutF 2 AI16IntEvWoutF 3 AI32IntEvWithFT 4 AI16IntEvWithFT 5 AI32FltEvWithF 6 AI64FltEvWithF 7 AI32FltEvWithFT 8 AI64FltEvWithFT 1 AI32IntEvWoutF Object 32 default variation Tabl...

Page 52: ...se class 2 event count report treshold tVREvBufTout2 0 00 60 00 s 0 01 5 00 Unsolicited response class 2 event buffer timeout UREvCntThold3 1 100 1 5 Unsolicited response class 3 event count report treshold tVREvBufTout3 0 00 60 00 s 0 01 5 00 Unsolicited response class 3 event buffer timeout DelOldBufFull No Yes No Delete oldest event when buffer is full ExtTimeFormat LocalTime UTC UTC External t...

Page 53: ...2 BIWithStatus 1 BISingleBit Object 1 default variation Obj2DefVar 1 BIChWithoutTim e 2 BIChWithTime 3 BIChWithRelTim e 3 BIChWithRelTim e Object 2 default variation Obj3DefVar 1 DIWithoutFlag 2 DIWithFlag 1 DIWithoutFlag Object 3 default variation Obj4DefVar 1 DIChWithoutTim e 2 DIChWithTime 3 DIChWithRelTim e 3 DIChWithRelTim e Object 4 default variation Obj10DefVar 1 BO 2 BOStatus 2 BOStatus Ob...

Page 54: ...nable tApplConfTout 0 00 300 00 s 0 01 10 00 Application layer confim timeout ApplMultFrgRes No Yes Yes Enable application for multiple fragment response ConfMultFrag No Yes Yes Confirm each multiple fragment UREnable No Yes Yes Unsolicited response enabled UREvClassMask Disabled Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 and 2 Class 3 Class 1 and 3 Class 2 and 3 Class 1 2 and 3 Disabled Unsolicited response event c...

Page 55: ...eout DelOldBufFull No Yes No Delete oldest event when buffer is full ExtTimeFormat LocalTime UTC UTC External time format DNPToSetTime No Yes No Allow DNP to set time in IED tSynchTimeout 30 3600 s 1 1800 Time synch timeout before error status is generated TSyncReqAfTout No Yes No Time synchronization request after timeout Averag3TimeReq No Yes No Use average of 3 time requests PairedPoint No Yes ...

Page 56: ...50 ...

Page 57: ...xiliary summation current transformer ASD Adaptive signal detection ASDU Application service data unit AWG American Wire Gauge standard BBP Busbar protection BFOC 2 5 Bayonet fibre optic connector BFP Breaker failure protection BI Binary input BIM Binary input module BOM Binary output module BOS Binary outputs status BR External bistable relay BS British Standards BSR Binary signal transfer functi...

Page 58: ...itting G 703 over a balanced line Involves two twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions COM Command COMTRADE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange format for Disturbance recorder according to IEEE ANSI C37 111 1999 IEC 60255 24 Contra directional Way of transmitting G 703 over a balanced line Involves four twisted pairs two of which are used for tran...

Page 59: ...urbance report handler DSP Digital signal processor DTT Direct transfer trip scheme ECT Ethernet configuration tool EHV network Extra high voltage network EIA Electronic Industries Association EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EMF Electromotive force EMI Electromagnetic interference EnFP End fault protection EPA Enhanced performance architecture ESD Electrostatic discharge F SMA Type of optical fi...

Page 60: ...ication GSE Generic substation event HDLC protocol High level data link control protocol based on the HDLC standard HFBR connector type Plastic fiber connector HMI Human machine interface HSAR High speed autoreclosing HSR High availability Seamless Redundancy HV High voltage HVDC High voltage direct current IDBS Integrating deadband supervision IEC International Electrical Committee IEC 60044 6 IE...

Page 61: ...er of the same kind but has a different number in the IED user interfaces The word instance is sometimes defined as an item of information that is representative of a type In the same way an instance of a function in the IED is representative of a type of function IP 1 Internet protocol The network layer for the TCP IP protocol suite widely used on Ethernet networks IP is a connectionless best eff...

Page 62: ...iginally developed for use in trains NCC National Control Centre NOF Number of grid faults NUM Numerical module OCO cycle Open close open cycle OCP Overcurrent protection OEM Optical Ethernet module OLTC On load tap changer OTEV Disturbance data recording initiated by other event than start pick up OV Overvoltage Overreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault condition For ...

Page 63: ...r ratio PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip RASC Synchrocheck relay COMBIFLEX RCA Relay characteristic angle RISC Reduced instruction set computer RMS value Root mean square value RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point to point connections RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485 RTC Real time clock RTU Remote terminal unit SA Substation Autom...

Page 64: ...ion ST Switch or push button to trip Starpoint Neutral Wye point of transformer or generator SVC Static VAr compensation TC Trip coil TCS Trip circuit supervision TCP Transmission control protocol The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet TCP IP Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol The de facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4 2BSD Un...

Page 65: ...ssemination of standard frequencies and time signals UTC is derived from International Atomic Time TAI by the addition of a whole number of leap seconds to synchronize it with Universal Time 1 UT1 thus allowing for the eccentricity of the Earth s orbit the rotational axis tilt 23 5 degrees but still showing the Earth s irregular rotation on which UT1 is based The Coordinated Universal Time is expr...

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Page 68: ... AB Grid Automation Products 721 59 Västerås Sweden Phone 46 0 21 32 50 00 abb com protection control Copyright 2017 ABB All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice 1MRK 511 391 UUS ...

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