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1

Foreword

We have tried to make this manual as readable as we
can. We hope you will read it through before you
start trying to install 4QD’s motor controllers. Even if
you don’t understand everything to start with, reading
it will make you familiar with what we are trying to
say and do. We welcome feedback so if anything is
unclear, please let us know.

This manual describes our standard range of
controllers. Many options are available, so if there
are points you want clarified, or features or
specifications you want altered, please consult the
factory.

In the section ‘Features and Glossary’ we have also
discussed the controllers features, some of the
controls you may wish to fit and the type of
information you may need to make a choice of
controller.

To help to avoid confusion, certain paragraphs are
marked with a bullet ¶.  These are more technical
and may be omitted by the less technical reader.

2

Introduction

This manual covers the 4QD-300 series of heavy
duty controllers (up to 300A) for 24v, 36v and 48v
battery operated motors. The controllers are fully
electronic giving control of the motor in all four
‘quadrants’ - that is forward and reverse,
acceleration and braking - so they use no relays or
mechanical switches, increasing reliability. All
internal connections and wiring are rated to carry full
current so the controller continuous ratings are only
limited by external heat dissipation. Moreover the
substantial built-in heatsink is designed so that
additional heat sinking can be added in the unlikely
event it is required.

The controllers use state-of-the-art MOSFET power
transistors which are ‘chopped’ on and off very
rapidly to give ultra-smooth speed control with
minimum losses for best control with minimum
heating in controller, motor and wiring.

During braking a large proportion of the braking
energy is returned to the battery, helping to reduce
battery drain and extend the time between charges.

Power connections are by substantial M8 screw
terminals.

Instruction Manual

4QD series controllers

4QD-300-36  and 4QD-300-48

Issue 17/18 control board and issue 08/09 base board.

Date printed:    27th January 2015

            www.4QD.co.uk                                       Email to: [email protected]

“We're in Control”

“We're in Control”

36 Greenfields

Earith

Cambridgeshire 

PE28 3QH

Summary of Contents for 4QD Series

Page 1: ...ted motors The controllers are fully electronic giving control of the motor in all four quadrants that is forward and reverse acceleration and braking so they use no relays or mechanical switches increasing reliability All internal connections and wiring are rated to carry full current so the controller continuous ratings are only limited by external heat dissipation Moreover the substantial built...

Page 2: ...t up the gain accel and decel presets to suit your battery voltage and requirements Page 6 Keep the controller covered at all times or water dust and dirt will enter Fit reverse polarity protection this is also an emergency power disconnect so is necessary for safety Make sure terminal nuts are tight current through a loose connection will burn it Keep the motor in good condition Damaged brushgear...

Page 3: ...on 40KΩ typically Mode switch Single ended or Joystick Brake output 1A tripped 3 Deadband With Issue 15 control boards the zero speed deadband can be altered This is beyond the scope of this manual but is fully explained on our www site http www 4qd co uk serv 4qd_transfer html 4QD series removing input dead band Do not touch the Deadband header unless you understand its purpose 1 Minimum voltage ...

Page 4: ... 20v 47v 10n 10n 10µ Fuse Splashplate Splashplate Brake Parking Fuseclips bottom board Fuse track Ignition Issue number bottom board Decel Accel Gain Current RAT Brake defeat Input Issue ABCDEF ABCD CAB 30 15 17 Cambs CB5 0AH England HPLO S Undervoltage lower board S Symm reverse Joystick mode Zero BD Z D A I Decel Accel Gain Current RAT Brake defeat 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Issue T ABCDEF...

Page 5: ... as a generator Therefore when the vehicle is stopped or at very low speeds no electrical braking is possible and vehicle is free to roll An electromechanical brake brakes the motor when no power is applied to it so that when the controller is switched off the motor cannot turn The controller automatically applies power to the brake to disengage it as acceleration is applied and removes power a fr...

Page 6: ...ese control how sharply the machine accelerates or decelerates when the throttle is actuated sharply Acceleration The preset marked A on the diagram adjusts the acceleration rate Too long an acceleration time clockwise and the vehicle will be slow to pick up speed Too fast a rate and the vehicle may do a wheel spin or if badly balanced will do a wheelie or dislodge the driver Factory setting is at...

Page 7: ...he top board marked on the features diagram there is a pinstrip and header link which may be unplugged With the header removed reverse speed will be the same as forward speed It is also possible to alter a single resistor to give a different reverse speed Contact 4QD for assistance Regen brake defeat It is possible to defeat the regenerative braking by linking out the point indicated Brake defeat ...

Page 8: ...ve battery wiring length will cause reduced voltage to the controller at full output giving reduced output current and degrading performance Long battery leads can also cause the 4QD s capacitors to work harder when they may heat up reducing their life controller charge This does not indicate a fault and is quite normal The capacitors are a very necessary item their purpose is to hold electricity ...

Page 9: ...fitted in the battery line as shown This provides an emergency power disconnect so is a vital safety feature It also gives protection against reversing the batteries The relay coil is fed from the ignition switch connector A 470ohm 2 watt resistor must be fitted across the relay contact to pre charge the main capacitor in the controller When the battery is connected up current flows through the re...

Page 10: ...hite ignit n yellow 24 reverse black locating ridge View of soldered pins Bulgin 6 pin chassis mounting male Motor polarity As shown M is positive for forward direction It is usually easiest to connect the motor up without regard for polarity and if the direction is wrong reverse it later Motor wiring Using several motors Controllers cannot count The controller will not be able to tell if you are ...

Page 11: ...n follow more detailed information on the controls 1 1 1 ABCDEF ABCDEF ABCDEF 0v ACW Centre Top 10 8v Reverse 11 5v Speed Pot Inhibit F E D C B A 12 Wiring various 4 way connector This is principally for the ignition switch but two spare pins are supplied one connected to the ignition line and the second to 0v battery for a battery condition meter or a reverse polarity protection relay 24 36 48 Ig...

Page 12: ...ve a 3 1 top speed range The diagram shows both the pot and the switch plus resistor but only one should be used Alternatively if it better suits the wiring a resistor may be inserted in series with the top end of the pot 10K with a 10K pot would halve the speed Be careful not to exceed about 30K pot plus series resistor or the pot fault circuit may cut in High Pot Lockout The controller is fitted...

Page 13: ...n the controller issue 10 top boards and later detects that the vehicle motor speed is reducing faster than the internal deceleration ramp and automatically ramps controller s internal demand speed down to match the mechanical braking This feature is not efficient mechanical braking wastes energy but when fitted to for instance a hire fleet of golf buggies new drivers do not then experience unexpe...

Page 14: ...hermostat doesn t cut the controller off if the heatsink runs hot to the touch then extra heatsinking may be required or a higher current controller is indicated 14 Mounting and earthing It is suggested that the electrical system not be earthed to chassis 4QD series controllers are isolated from the heatsink and the heatsink will normally be bolted onto the vehicle s chassis If the system is float...

Page 15: ...apillary action between the cover and one of the boards If trapped in the wrong place this water could cause electrolytic corrosion and or failure A drainage hole near the mouth in the appropriate place would minimise this risk Do not try to seal the base to the cover this should be allowed to breathe so that any condensation or water which does enter can escape again In any machine you should con...

Page 16: ...vailable to electronic repair shops Dead or Loss of power See page 12 High pot lockout Most models include adjustable battery discharge protection which cuts back the power when the voltage in the controller drops too low If this is set too high for the battery voltage it will inhibit operation Undervoltage protection cannot tell the difference between a flat battery and a poor connection or a bad...

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