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YSI 3100, Руководство по эксплуатации

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23

Conductivity Law

Solution

Instrument

Cell

Conductivity

Conductance

Constant

S/cm or mho/cm

=

S or mho

××××

1/cm

mS/cm or mmho/cm

=

mS or mmho

××××

1/cm

µµµµ

S/cm or 

µµµµ

mho/cm

=

µµµµ

S or 

µµµµ

mho

××××

1/cm

CELL CONSTANT  =  

SOLUTION CONDUCTIVITY

METER CONDUCTANCE

METER CONDUCTANCE  =  

SOLUTION CONDUCTIVITY

CELL CONSTANT

Low Conductivity Measurements

When measuring reagent grade water (deionized) or other substances having extremely low
conductivity, it is recommend that a flow-through cell having a constant of 0.1/cm be used for
the best accuracy. If a flow-through cell is not practical, then extraordinary precautions must be
taken in regard to equipment setup, cell cleanliness, electrical interferences, etc. Therefore, when
operating on this range, some instability in the least significant digit is normal and should be
averaged or ignored.

Error Sources

•

 

Solution temperature coefficient may be upwards of 7% per 

°

C

•

 

Absorption of atmospheric CO

2

 may account for 1.3

µ

S/cm at 25

°

C

•

 

Platinization ions may leach into the solution from the electrodes

•

 

Glass ions may leach into the solution from the cell or container

•

 

Organic substances may leach into the solution if plastic is used

•

 

Electrical noise

•

 

Contact resistance

•

 

Cable series resistance and shunt capacitance

•

 

Cell series and shunt capacitance

•

 

Galvanic effects

Only the first four are of major concern for typical measurements, although the user should also
be careful to see that cells are clean and maintained in good condition at all times.

Содержание 3100

Страница 1: ...YSI Model 3100 Conductivity Salinity Temperature Instrument Operations Manual C µS CONDUCTIVITY INSTRUMENT ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...up 10 4 1 Cell Calibration 10 4 2 Temperature Coefficient 12 4 3 Reference Temperature 12 4 4 Manual Ranging 13 5 Maintenance 15 5 1 Cell Cleaning and Storage 15 5 2 Platinization 15 6 Troubleshooting 17 Error Messages 17 7 Principles of Operation 19 7 1 3100 Principles 19 7 2 Conductivity Principles 19 Introduction 19 Conductivity Fundamentals 19 Cell Constant 20 Choosing a Conductivity Cell 21 C...

Страница 4: ...apacitance 28 Galvanic and Miscellaneous Effects 28 8 Warranty Repair 29 8 1 Cleaning Instructions 30 8 2 Packing Instructions 31 8 3 Disassembly Assembly Procedures 32 9 Accessories and Replacement Parts 33 9 1 YSI Conductivity Cells 34 9 2 Standard Calibrator Solutions 35 10 Required Notice 36 11 Appendix A Specifications 37 12 Appendix B Temperature Correction Data For Typical Solutions 38 13 A...

Страница 5: ... cm and salinity in parts per thousand ppt You can switch back and forth from salinity conductivity and temperature compensated conductivity with a single push of the MODE key The new YSI 3200 series conductivity cells contain internal temperature sensors for temperature measurement and automatic temperature compensation The Model 3100 is also compatible with YSI 3400 series conductivity cells whe...

Страница 6: ... Controls Front Panel The front panel of the instrument contains the display and keypad as shown below 3100 CONDUCTIVITY INSTRUMENT 12 85uS 22 4 C Power ON OFF MODE Key Display ENTER Key UP ARROW DOWN ARROW ...

Страница 7: ...anel contains the connections for the power supply and cell It also has a mounting post for the 3232 adapter as shown below 100ma Power Supply Connection The power supply connection requires a 12 VDC power supply included with at least 100 ma current The polarity is marked on the instrument Conductivity mS cm uS cm Temperature compensated conductivity mS cm uS cm Salinity ppt Temperature C Adapter...

Страница 8: ... measurement temperature compensation or salinity measurement is not possible 2 Getting Started 2 1 Unpacking When you unpack your new YSI Model 3100 for the first time check the packing list to make sure you have received everything you should have If there is anything missing or damaged call the dealer from whom you purchased the Model 3100 If you do not know which of our authorized dealers sold...

Страница 9: ...e instrument detected a problem the display will show a continuous error message For a list of these error messages see chapter 6 Troubleshooting After the instrument completes this diagnostic routine the following screen should be displayed with no cell connected 0 00µS udr C 3 2 Connect the Cell Plug the cell YSI 3200 series into the connector on the back of the instrument marked cell YSI 3200 s...

Страница 10: ... such as the YSI 3256 3255 3402 3418 3440 or 3446 you must enter the manufacturer s stated cell constant for the cell that you are using K 0 1 10 0 etc as shown below Cell Constant Cell Constant Follow these steps to change the cell constant 1 With the instrument on press and release the DOWN ARROW and MODE keys at the same time The CAL symbol will appear at the bottom left of the display and the ...

Страница 11: ...thout regard to temperature Temperature Compensated Conductivity Automatically adjusts the reading to a calculated value which would have been read if the sample had been at 25o C or some other reference temperature which you choose See section 4 Advanced Setup NOTE Requires YSI 3200 series cell Salinity A calculation done by the instrument electronics based upon the conductivity and temperature r...

Страница 12: ...e display will be followed by either a µ µ µ µS or mS but the small portion of the display will show the o C NOT flashing 10 62mS 24 8 C NOTE The instrument measures conductivity in uS cm or mS cm even though the cm is not shown on the display If the instrument is reading Salinity the large numbers on the display will be followed by a ppt 34 2ppt 24 8 C NOTE Temperature compensated conductivity an...

Страница 13: ...tions of the instrument all you need to do to get the most accurate reading is to put the cell in the sample This feature makes the Model 3100 as simple as possible to operate When you first place the cell into a sample or calibration solution and again when you first remove the cell the instrument will go into a range search mode that may take as long as 5 seconds During some range searches the i...

Страница 14: ...ST traceable calibration solutions see section 9 2 Standard Calibrator Solutions When filling a calibration container prior to performing the calibration procedures make certain that the level of calibrant buffers is high enough in the container to cover the electrodes Gently agitate the cell to remove any bubbles in the conductivity cell Rinse the cell with distilled water and wipe dry between ch...

Страница 15: ...bol will appear at the bottom left of the display to indicate that the instrument is now in Calibration mode 8 Use the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key to adjust the reading on the display until it matches the value of the calibration solution you are using If you are calibrating in temperature compensated conductivity mode enter the value at 25 C If you are calibrating in conductivity mode not temperat...

Страница 16: ...esired new temperature coefficient 1 50 22 7 C CAL 3 Press the ENTER key The word SAVE will flash across the display for a second to indicate that your change has been accepted 4 Press the MODE key two times to return to normal operation the CAL symbol will disappear from the display See Appendix B for charts of common salt solutions at various temperatures 4 3 Reference Temperature Follow these s...

Страница 17: ...e MODE key to return to normal operation 4 4 Manual Ranging If your application is easier to perform using a manual range that you select the YSI Model 3100 allows you to turn off the default autoranging feature While you are making conductivity or temperature compensated conductivity measurements simply press and release the ENTER key The conductivity units will flash indicating that the instrume...

Страница 18: ...manual range or autoranging simply turn the instrument off and back on The instrument will default to autoranging when first turned on The YSI Model 3100 has five possible ranges The number of ranges available for use depends on the current cell constant Cell Constant Range 1 0 49 99 µS cm Range 2 0 499 9 µS cm Range 3 0 4999 µS cm Range 4 0 49 99 mS cm Range 5 0 499 9 mS cm K 0 01 K 0 1 K 1 K 10 ...

Страница 19: ...led water Change the water frequently to prevent any growth that may cause electrode fouling Long term Rinse thoroughly with deionized or distilled water and store dry Any cell that has been stored dry should be soaked in distilled water until the electrodes appear black before use 5 2 Platinization The electrodes of YSI 3200 and 3400 Series conductivity cells are coated with platinum black during...

Страница 20: ...inization process is complete about 30 minutes the 3100 will return to normal mode Remove the cell from the platinizing solution If you want to stop the platinization before 30 minutes have passed press both the UP ARROW and MODE keys at the same time to abort 4 Thoroughly rinse the cell with distilled or deionized water 5 Promptly return the platinizing solution to its container ...

Страница 21: ...OVEr Conductivity Reading is over range 112 uS with K 0 01 cell 11 2 mS with K 0 1 cell 112 mS with K 1 cell 499 9 mS with K 10 cell Salinity reading is 80ppt User cell constant cal is over the limit of the current range In all cases check calibration values and procedure check Advanced Setup settings Set cell constant to correct range See 3 3 Configure the 3200 Cell Constant If each of these is s...

Страница 22: ...ensation 9 Secondary Display reads Err ra System has failed its RAM test check procedure Turn instrument OFF and back ON Return the system for service 10 Secondary Display reads Err ro System has failed its ROM test check procedure Turn instrument OFF and back ON Return the system for service 11 Secondary Display reads udr Current cell does not contain a temperature sensor such as YSI 3400 series ...

Страница 23: ...ability to conduct electric current The ability of a solution to conduct electric current depends upon ions their concentration size mobility viscosity valence and the temperature of the solution Inorganic solutions are relatively good conductors Organic solutions are poor conductors Conductivity Fundamentals Electrical conductance k is defined as the ratio of the current I in a conductor to the d...

Страница 24: ...K 10 m and the same conductivity would be expressed Cell Constant The cell constant K is used to determine the resistivity or conductivity of a solution It is defined as the ratio of the distance between electrodes d to the area normal to the current flow A Cells with constants of 1 0 cm or greater normally have small widely spaced electrodes while cells with constants or 0 1 cm or less have large...

Страница 25: ... are generally used for routine conductivity measurements The 3254 Fill Cell is designed for small sample or high throughput work It requires only 5 ml of sample and can make measurements quickly from one sample to the next The 3255 Flow Cell is designed for in line conductivity measurements such as for ultrapure water systems For temperature measurement temperature compensation or salinity use YS...

Страница 26: ... ℵ ℵ ℵ theoretical conductivity in µ µ µ µ mho cm The measured conductance k and conductivity ℵ must either be determined at the same temperature or corrected to the same temperature for the equation to be valid One main reason for cell constant calibration is to increase overall system accuracy Conductivity Cell Calibration Some Things To Remember 1 Rinse the cell and solution container with some...

Страница 27: ...pment setup cell cleanliness electrical interferences etc Therefore when operating on this range some instability in the least significant digit is normal and should be averaged or ignored Error Sources Solution temperature coefficient may be upwards of 7 per C Absorption of atmospheric CO2 may account for 1 3µS cm at 25 C Platinization ions may leach into the solution from the electrodes Glass io...

Страница 28: ...ose units that cause trouble 9 Always handle the cell carefully 10 Always rinse the cell carefully before transferring it from one solution to another 11 Never store a dirty or contaminated cell 12 The cells should not be submerged in aqua regia or any solution which might etch or dissolve gold Platinization Platinum Black Inspection The electrodes of YSI 3200 and 3400 Series conductivity cells ar...

Страница 29: ...rmined Once the temperature coefficient is known the conductivity at 25 C can be manually determined from the following equation where T temperature of sample ℵ ℵ ℵ ℵ25 conductivity at 25 C ℵ ℵ ℵ ℵT conductivity at measurement temperature T α α α α temperature coefficient of the conductivity solution Determining The Temperature Coefficient You can determine the linear temperature correction coeffi...

Страница 30: ...erall accuracy determination Cell Constant Accuracy YSI cells are warranted to be accurate to within one percent for more accurate work you should calibrate the cell to determine the exact cell constant Temperature Accuracy The solution temperature accuracy is the sum of the instrument accuracy plus the temperature sensor accuracy If the conductivity is to be expressed at 25 C some additional erro...

Страница 31: ...solutions having high conductivity values The effect of poor platinization is a loss of linearity and a noticeably large change in conductance from range to range on the instrument When you suspect a problem with the cell platinization follow the instructions for electrode inspection and replatinization carefully before attempting any critical measurements Electrical Noise Errors Electrical noise ...

Страница 32: ...uch as might be used with a flow through cells at remote locations the large cable capacitance will become a major source of error Galvanic and Miscellaneous Effects In addition to the error sources described above there is another class of contributors that can be ignored for all but the most meticulous of laboratory measurements These errors are always small and are generally completely masked b...

Страница 33: ...or failure caused by i failure to install operate or use the product in accordance with YSI s written instructions ii abuse or misuse of the product iii failure to maintain the product in accordance with YSI s written instructions or standard industry procedure iv any improper repairs to the product v use by you of defective or improper components or parts in servicing or repairing the product or ...

Страница 34: ...the equipment Disposition costs will be the responsibility of the sender When service is required either at the user s facility or at YSI the following steps must be taken to insure the safety of our service personnel 1 In a manner appropriate to each device decontaminate all exposed surfaces including any containers 70 isopropyl alcohol or a solution of 1 4 cup bleach to 1 gallon tap water are su...

Страница 35: ...original and surround the product completely with packing material 5 Insure for the replacement value of the product Cleaning Certificate Organization Department Address City _______________ State ______ Zip Country __________________ Phone Model No of Device ______ Lot Number Contaminant if known Cleaning Agent s used Radioactive Decontamination Certified Answer only if there has been radioactive...

Страница 36: ...eased lift the front of the board slightly and slide the board out of the rear connector openings PC Board Re installation Remove the protective covering from the display DO NOT TOUCH THE FACE OF THE DISPLAY FINGERPRINTS CANNOT BE EASILY REMOVED Slip the connector end of the board into place against the gaskets at the rear of the case then rotate the board down into position engaging each snap as ...

Страница 37: ...a strips 113138 Case Assy Upper 111027 Case Assy Lower Includes 003226 weight 003226 Weight SS 051043 Foot Rubber Self Stick 032061 Gasket Connector Cell 032063 Gasket Connector Power 051025 Standoff 25 Snap In Retain display 003228 Extension Switch 031041 Operations Manual 031043 Service Manual 003229 Cable Assy Cell 7 pin mini DIN to pigtail 3232 Cell adapter For YSI 3400 Series cells 3166 Calib...

Страница 38: ...gh conductivity cells are available each utilizing platinized platinum iridium electrodes except the YSI 3418 which has platinized nickel electrodes These cells require the 3232 cell adapter for use with the YSI 3100 and will not provide temperature measurement temperature compensation or salinity These cells have the following specifications Part Number cgs Cell Constant SI Cell Constant Material...

Страница 39: ...er Size Conductivity at 25 00 C Resistivity at 25 00 C 3161 1 quart 1 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 0 50 1 000 Ω Ω Ω Ω cm 0 50 3163 1 quart 10 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 0 25 100 Ω Ω Ω Ω cm 0 25 3165 1 quart 100 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 0 25 10 Ω Ω Ω Ω cm 0 25 3167 8 pints 1 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 1 0 1 000 Ω Ω Ω Ω cm 1 0 3168 8 pints 10 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 1 0 100 Ω Ω Ω Ω cm 1 0 3169 8 pints 50 000 µ µ µ µ mho cm 1 0 20 Ω Ω Ω...

Страница 40: ...ne or more of the following measures Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions The user m...

Страница 41: ...ion 0 80 ppt NaCl 2 or 0 1 ppt 0 1 ppt Temperature Range Accuracy Resolution 5 95 C 0 1 C 1LSD 0 1 C Temperature Compensation Method Linear Ref temp C 15 25 Temp Coefficient 0 4 C Cell constant cm 1 0 01 0 08 0 12 0 8 1 2 8 12 Display LCD Cell connector 7 pin Mini Din Power AC 115V 220V Approvals UL CSA CE Environmental requirements 95 RH non cond Size 9 x 9 5 x 4 4 inches 22 9 x 24 1 x 11 2 cm We...

Страница 42: ... 40 16 70 1 99 45 18 05 2 02 50 19 43 2 04 Concentration 1 x 10 2 mole liter Concentration 1 x 10 3 mole liter C mS cm C to 25 C C mS cm C to 25 C 0 0 773 1 81 0 0 080 1 84 5 0 892 1 84 5 0 092 1 88 10 1 015 1 87 10 0 105 1 92 15 1 143 1 90 15 0 119 1 96 20 1 275 1 93 20 0 133 1 99 25 1 412 1 96 25 0 147 2 02 30 1 553 1 99 30 0 162 2 05 35 1 697 2 02 35 0 178 2 07 37 5 1 771 2 03 37 5 0 186 2 08 4...

Страница 43: ... to 25 C 0 5 77 1 83 0 0 632 1 87 5 6 65 1 88 5 0 731 1 92 10 7 58 1 92 10 0 836 1 97 15 8 57 1 96 15 0 948 2 01 20 9 60 1 99 20 1 064 2 05 25 10 66 2 02 25 1 186 2 09 30 11 75 2 04 30 1 312 2 12 35 12 86 2 06 35 1 442 2 16 37 5 13 42 2 07 37 5 1 508 2 17 40 13 99 2 08 40 1 575 2 19 45 15 14 2 10 45 1 711 2 21 50 16 30 2 12 50 1 850 2 24 Concentration 1 x 10 3 mole liter C mS cm C to 25 C 0 0 066 ...

Страница 44: ... 2 08 25 0 114 2 28 30 1 183 2 12 30 0 127 2 31 35 1 301 2 16 35 0 140 2 32 37 5 1 362 2 18 37 5 0 147 2 32 40 1 423 2 20 40 0 154 2 31 45 1 549 2 24 45 0 166 2 29 50 1 680 2 28 50 0 178 2 25 D Potassium Nitrate KNO3 Concentration 1 x 10 1 mole liter Concentration 1 x 10 2 mole liter C mS cm C to 25 C C mS cm C to 25 C 0 6 68 1 78 0 0 756 1 77 5 7 71 1 79 5 0 868 1 80 10 8 75 1 81 10 0 984 1 83 15...

Страница 45: ...oncentration 1 x 10 2 mole liter Concentration 1 x 10 3 mole liter C mS cm C to 25 C C mS cm C to 25 C 0 0 764 1 84 0 0 078 1 88 5 0 889 1 86 5 0 092 1 90 10 1 015 1 88 10 0 105 1 91 15 1 144 1 91 15 0 119 1 93 20 1 277 1 94 20 0 133 1 95 25 1 414 1 97 25 0 148 1 98 30 1 557 2 02 30 0 162 2 01 35 1 706 2 06 35 0 178 2 04 37 5 1 782 2 08 37 5 0 186 2 06 40 1 860 2 10 40 0 194 2 07 45 2 020 2 14 45 ...

Страница 46: ...eit 9 5 o C 32 Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius 5 9 o F 32 Units of Measure Measurement Units Symbols Resistance Ohm Ω Ω Ω Ω Conductance Siemens S Mho Conductance 1 Resistance 1 Ω Ω Ω Ω Conductivity Siemens Meter S m or Mho Centimeter Cell Constant 1 cm or 1 m Calculate conductivity by multiplying the measured conductance in mhos or siemens by the appropriate cell constant K observing the dimens...

Страница 47: ...tial difference between its ends the ability of a conductor to transmit current the reciprocal of resistance The SI unit is siemens S also measured in mhos conductivity ℵ The ratio of the current density in a conductor to the electric field causing the current to flow the inverse of resistivity the conductance between opposite faces of a cube of the measured material of 1 cm cgs units or 1 m SI un...

Страница 48: ...sed as a reference replatinize To deposit a new layer of platinum black on an electrode resistance R Opposition to the passage of current that causes electrical energy to be transformed into heat resistivity An intrinsic property of a conductor which gives the resistance in terms of its dimensions the resistance between opposite faces of a one centimeter cube of a given material the inverse of con...

Страница 49: ...45 ...

Страница 50: ...1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs Ohio 45387 USA 031041 937 767 7241 800 765 4974 Fax 937 767 9353 A31041B Info YSI com www YSI com September 99 1997 YSI Incorporated ...

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