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AM360r User Manual

revised 2008.07.11 for

Hardware Rev. A

Firmware Version 1.00.20

Appendix B

Multicast Addressing Restrictions

Note 1: Avoid addresses of the form 224.0.0.x

Traffic to addresses of the form

224.0.0.x

is often flooded to all switch ports. This address

range is reserved for link-local uses. Many routing protocols assume that all traffic within this

range will be received by all routers on the network. Hence (at least all Cisco) switches flood

traffic within this range. The flooding behavior overrides the normal selective forwarding

behavior of a multicast-aware switch (e.g. IGMP snooping, CGMP, etc.).

Note 2: Watch for multicast address ambiguity

32 IP multicast addresses are mapped onto each Ethernet multicast address. A receiver that

joins a single IP multicast group implicitly joins 31 others due to this overlap. The overlap

occurs in the 5 high-order bits, so it’s best to use the 23 low-order bits to make distinct

multicast streams unique. For example, IP multicast addresses in the range

239.0.0.0

239.127.255.255

all map to unique Ethernet multicast addresses. However, IP multicast

address

239.128.0.0

maps to

239.0.0.0

239.128.0.1

maps to

239.0.0.1

, etc.

Note 3: Avoid x.0.0.y and x.128.0.y

Combining notes 1 and 2, it’s best to avoid using IP multicast addresses of the form

x.0.0.y

and

x.128.0.y

since they all map onto the range of Ethernet multicast

addresses that are flooded to all switch ports.

Note 4: Watch for address assignment conflicts

IANA administers multicast addresses on the world-wide Internet. Potential conflicts with

Internet multicast address assignments can be avoided by using (private) administratively

scoped addresses. Such addresses can be safely used on a network connected to the

Internet without fear of conflict with multicast sources originating on the Internet.

Administratively Scoped addresses are roughly analogous to the unicast address space for

private internets. Site-local multicast addresses are of the form

239.255.x.y

, but can

grow down to

239.252.x.y

if needed. Organization-local multicast addresses are of the

form

239.192-251.x.y

, but can grow down to

239.x.y.z

if needed.

See also Cisco’s Guidelines for Enterprise IP Multicast Address Allocation paper available at

www.cisco.com

See also “Multicast Address Assignment” at

www.29west.com

See also Doug Reid’s 3 part series “Multicasting and the Small Network” at

www.smallnetbuilder.com

AudioMate 360

Detailed info at:
cisco.com
29west.com
smallnetbuilder.com

AudioMate 360

Detailed info at:
cisco.com
29west.com
smallnetbuilder.com

Содержание AudioMate 360r

Страница 1: ...duct Tour Front Panel 3 Rear Panel 4 Installation Network Considerations 5 Bandwidth Consumption and CoDecs 5 Electrical Considerations 5 Configuration Log In 6 Global Configuration 6 Personality Module Configuration 7 Status Global Status 10 Module Status 11 AudioMate 360r Specifications Appendix A Interface Examples Ritron Nexus Radio Base 14 Motorola Waris Series 15 Appendix B Multicast Address...

Страница 2: ...rks while the AudioMate 360r interfaces with existing 2 way radio equipment such as repeaters and control stations The AudioMate 360r connects to a 2 way Land Mobile Radio via either a balanced E M port or single ended control and audio connections The other portion of the unit connects to your IP network using a standard 10 100BaseT LAN interface to provide the link to other IP voice gateways and...

Страница 3: ...t condition within the AudioMate 360r LED Amber Amber flashing Green Green flashing Red Red flashing OK Booting awaiting DHCP address N A Normal operation N A Boot error view boot via USB serial port N A Link N A N A Connected to AM360 server N A N A Seeking AM360 server Rx Buffering audio from IP network N A Playing rcvd RTP stream out radio port N A N A N A Tx N A N A N A N A Sending RTP stream ...

Страница 4: ...ace examples Be careful not to connect an Ethernet cable to the E M port as they both employ RJ 45 jacks Analog Allows connection of single ended audio and control signals from popular 2 way radios via a screw terminal plug This plug accepts stranded or solid wire All signaling is single ended referenced to ground The pin assignments and electrical specifications for the AudioMate 360r Analog conn...

Страница 5: ...herefore unicast addresses are acceptable for use in the AudioMate 360 line of IP gateways In the typical AudioMate installation all endpoints are contained entirely in a corporate LAN or participate via a WAN link either unicast through a VPN or an engineered MPLS network for example It is preferable that all routers serving network segments that connect AudioMate endpoints be configured to route...

Страница 6: ... unit under test into the address bar of your web browser At the time of this writing the freely available Mozilla Firefox web browser provides smoother operation for these purposes If a name had been previously assigned to this particular AudioMate 360 unit it will appear in the title bar of the web browser to assist in identifying it At the prompt for user name type admin and for password type t...

Страница 7: ... Configuration page be sure to click on the button labeled Update Configuration at the top of the page Your new settings take effect immediately To revert back to the previously saved values while editing click the button labeled Reset Values at the top of the page Personality Module Conﬁguration In the menu pane on the left locate the Configuration heading and click the link Module under it The s...

Страница 8: ...he AudioMate 360r will stream receive audio to the IP network The most common application for this setting would be to use the noise squelch detector to ascertain that an intelligible signal is present at the radio receiver while the COS input is connected to a coded squelch detector PL or DPL to block out all but the desired users on the channel This is commonly referred to as AND Squelch ON acti...

Страница 9: ...mission over the attached radio while simultaneously sending receive audio back to the IP network Select this when attached to a full duplex repeater station ON keys the attached radio transmitter full time regardless of the signals from the IP network PTT Delay Hang Time sets the time period between the end of the IP network stream and the release of the PTT signal by the AudioMate 360r This can ...

Страница 10: ...as well as to view the current settings of the transmit and receive audio levels Global Status The Global Status page displays various parameters of the common interface board In the menu pane on the left locate the Status heading and click the link Global under it The screen labeled AM36 Status should appear in the right pane Some noteworthy fields Model shows the particular type of AudioMate 360...

Страница 11: ...ed IP address regardless of how it was obtained Module Status The Module Status page displays the audio level settings and the state of the various digital inputs and outputs Refresh the page to see the current states In the menu pane on the left locate the Status heading and click the link Module under it The screen labeled AM36 r Radio Status should appear in the right pane TX Level and RX Level...

Страница 12: ...nator noise to turn off the path from the receive audio input to the LAN port Less noise means more signal which in turn means that this indicator will show Active In most configurations this will always indicate Active since there is no high frequency noise for the detector to decode Ear Input follows the state of the E lead on the E M port PTT Output indicates whether this digital output line is...

Страница 13: ... Outputs PTT 12 Volts 500 mAmp MAX open drain user selectable active hi or low Inputs COS high 3 Volts 18 Volts MAX user selectable active high or low L A N 10 100 BaseT Ethernet RJ 45 jack Serial USB mini B diagnostic port Digital audio CoDecs G 711 μ law 64kbps G 711 A law 64kbps GSM 6 10 13kbps Environmental Operating temperature 0 to 40 Centigrade Storage temperature 20 to 60 Centigrade Miscel...

Страница 14: ...sover Cable Pin Assignments Ritron AM360r Wire color Description 1 8 Orange 12 Volts SB 2 7 Orange White COS M lead 3 3 Green Rx audio balanced 4 4 Blue White Tx audio balanced 5 5 Blue Tx audio balanced 6 6 Green White Rx audio balanced 7 2 Brown White PTT to Ritron E lead 8 1 Brown Ground SG Ritron Jumper Settings Remove the 2 side screws and the 2 smaller bottom screws to remove the base of the...

Страница 15: ...and use Pin 3 for external PTT Interface Cable There are several eBay sellers offering interface cables for Motorola radios At a minimum look for a 5 wire cable with a 16 pin accessory plug on it that fits all the CDM and CM series Motorola mobile radios Because some 16 pin plugs are not keyed care must be used when inserting it into the 20 pin receptacle on the CDM1550 radios being certain to cen...

Страница 16: ...maps to 239 0 0 0 239 128 0 1 maps to 239 0 0 1 etc Note 3 Avoid x 0 0 y and x 128 0 y Combining notes 1 and 2 it s best to avoid using IP multicast addresses of the form x 0 0 y and x 128 0 y since they all map onto the range of Ethernet multicast addresses that are flooded to all switch ports Note 4 Watch for address assignment conflicts IANA administers multicast addresses on the world wide Int...

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