Force Imaging
Force Modulation
234
Dimension 3100 Manual
Rev. D
Figure 13.6b
Force Modulation Cantilever Holder
13.6.2 Selecting a Force Modulation Tip
The key consideration when selecting a force modulation cantilever is its spring constant. Ideally,
the cantilever must have a spring constant which compliments the pliancy of the two contrasting
materials (or close to the pliancy of one, but not the other). This way, the tip indents into one
material more than the other providing good force modulation image contrast. If the tip is so stiff
that it indents equally into both materials, or so soft that it indents neither material, then you will
not see contrast in the force modulation image. Instead, the image will consist primarily of edge
and frictional artifacts. It may take experimentation to find a cantilever that matches the sample's
requirements. For rubber and plastic samples Veeco recommends using 225µm long force
modulation (Model # FESP) silicon cantilevers. For more delicate, samples, use 450µm long
silicon cantilevers or silicon nitride cantilevers. For hard materials, use stiffer tips like the 125µm
single crystal silicon TappingMode tips.
Veeco offers cantilevers with a wide range of spring constants (see
depends upon how stiff the sample is For samples of unknown hardness, start with a force
modulation cantilever (Model FESP) and determine whether the tip is sufficiently stiff then adjust
accordingly.
Bimorph
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