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MAX-M10S - Integration manual

Figure 25: Spectrum analyzer view in u-center with the option view/hold selected

By changing the number of constellations enabled, the span widens or narrows. This has
a direct impact on the spectrum resolution, as the number of frequencies measured is
ﬁxed and equals to 256. For further details about this message and how to calculate each
frequency, see the interface description [

A big spur may be visible in the center frequency. The signal comes internally from the
receiver and it does not cause any degradation in the performance.

3.3 RF front-end

GNSS receivers operate with very low signal levels, ranging from -130 dBm to approximately -167
dBm. This alone is a challenge for the GNSS application design. Out-of-band sources of interference
such as GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, LTE, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth wireless systems with a much higher signal
level require additional speciﬁc measures. The goal of the RF front-end design is to receive the in-
band signal with minimum loss and added noise while suppressing the out-of-band interference.

The MAX-M10S RF front-end is designed for the highest sensitivity. The integrated RF circuit is
matched to 50 Ω and includes a built-in DC block, an LTE Band 13 notch ﬁlter, an LNA, and an SAW
ﬁlter. Refer to the

for an overview of the RF front-end. The MAX-M10S oﬀers the best

GNSS performance for designs with low or moderate RF interference levels.

For designs with other radio systems, an external SAW ﬁlter may be required to improve the
immunity against RF interference. The external SAW ﬁlter converts the MAX-M10S RF front-end
into an SAW - Band 13 notch - LNA - SAW circuit for the highest immunity, complete with built-in
LTE Band 13 protection. The external SAW ﬁlter can be selected for an optimal trade-oﬀ between
sensitivity and immunity.

3.3.1 Internal LNA modes

The internal LNA in MAX-M10S has three operating modes: normal gain, low gain and bypass mode.

• By default, the internal LNA is conﬁgured for the low-gain mode for optimized sensitivity and

immunity against RF interference.

• For RF front-end designs with 10 - 15 dB or higher total external gain, bypass mode is

recommended to improve immunity. The power consumption is also slightly reduced in bypass
mode.

UBX-20053088 - R03

3 Hardware integration

Page 66 of 89

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Содержание MAX-M10S

Страница 1: ...ation manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u blox MAX M10S module an ultra low power standard precision GNSS receiver for high performance asset tracking applica...

Страница 2: ...included in this document Copying reproduction or modi cation of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission of u blox Disclosure to third parties is permit...

Страница 3: ...eceiver reset 32 2 6 Security 33 2 6 1 Con guration locking 33 2 7 Power management 33 2 7 1 Continuous mode 33 2 7 2 Power save mode 34 2 7 3 Backup modes 40 2 8 Time 40 2 8 1 Receiver local time 40...

Страница 4: ...1 4 Supply design examples 63 3 2 RF interference 64 3 2 1 In band interference 64 3 2 2 Out of band interference 64 3 2 3 Spectrum analyzer 65 3 3 RF front end 66 3 3 1 Internal LNA modes 66 3 3 2 O...

Страница 5: ...2 Standard resistors 86 C 3 Inductors 86 C 4 Operational ampli er 86 C 5 Open drain bu ers 86 C 6 Antenna supervisor switch transistors 86 Related documents 87 Revision history 88 UBX 20053088 R03 Co...

Страница 6: ...e dynamic position accuracy in non line of sight scenarios The extremely low power consumption of 25 mW in continuous tracking mode allows great power autonomy for all battery operated devices such as...

Страница 7: ...more information 7 V_IO I IO voltage supply See V_IO for more information 8 VCC I Main voltage supply See VCC for more information 9 RESET_N I System reset active low It has to be low for at least 1...

Страница 8: ...connected to VCC through a ferrite bead 15 VIO_SEL I Voltage selector for V_IO supply Connect to GND for 1 8 V supply or leave open for 3 3 V supply 16 SDA 2 I O I2C data If not used leave open Alter...

Страница 9: ...ion interface settings are stored in a database consisting of separate con guration items An item is made up of a pair consisting of a key ID and a value Related items are grouped together and identi...

Страница 10: ...ling CFG HW RF_LNA_MODE at RAM layer using the UBX CFG VALGET message 6 The OTP memory con guration is completed 2 1 1 3 GNSS signal con guration MAX M10S supports concurrent reception of four major G...

Страница 11: ...same result is obtained if CFG RATE MEAS is set to 2000 ms and CFG RATE NAV is set to one 1 Every 2000 ms a measurement is done and in every measurement a navigation epoch is calculated However this...

Страница 12: ...ve low default CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN Power down antenna supply if short circuit is detected Requires CFG HW ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL and CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to be enabled CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL Power...

Страница 13: ...greater vertical acceleration than a passenger car No 2D position xes supported Airborne 2g Recommended for typical airborne environments No 2D position xes supported Airborne 4g Only recommended for...

Страница 14: ...able the altitude is kept constant at the last known value This is called a 2D x u blox receivers do not calculate any navigation solution with less than three satellites 2 1 2 3 Navigation output lte...

Страница 15: ...ssage cog eld and NMEA VTG message cogt eld If the low speed course over ground lter is not con gured then the course over ground is computed as described in section Freezing the course over ground 2...

Страница 16: ...MAX M10S Integration manual Figure 3 Position output in static hold mode Figure 4 Flowchart of static hold mode UBX 20053088 R03 2 Receiver functionality Page 16 of 89 C1 Public...

Страница 17: ...erating conditions low signal strength that is signal attenuation indicates possible degradation due to multi path The receiver trusts such signals less in order to preserve the quality of the positio...

Страница 18: ...curacy improvement is ionosphere correction The measured data from regional Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations RIMS are combined to make a Total Electron Content TEC map This map is transferred...

Страница 19: ...position solution For an SBAS solution this reference frame will be aligned within a few cm of WGS84 and modern ITRF realizations 2 2 2 QZSS SLAS QZSS SLAS Sub meter Level Augmentation Service is an...

Страница 20: ...n In MAX M10S several protocols can be enabled on a single interface the same time 2 3 1 UART The MAX M10S supports a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UART port consisting of an RX and a TX...

Страница 21: ...s additional external pull up resistors may be necessary The higher the speed and the capacitance load the lower the pull up resistor needs to be Most u blox receivers are con gured by default with th...

Страница 22: ...c low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to indicate that it recognizes the address Next the 8 bit address of the re...

Страница 23: ...If the master does not read data from the receiver for a certain timeout the receiver assumes that the communication is broken and stops the data stream preventing an over ow of the output bu er This...

Страница 24: ...2C interface with the CFG I2C ENABLED con guration key if I2C pins are used for antenna supervisor functions 2 3 3 1 RESET_N MAX M10S provides a RESET_N pin to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is an...

Страница 25: ...nal instead of polling the interface Each interface has its own indicator signal that can be assigned to any PIO pin Each signal is associated to one interface and cannot be shared The polarity of the...

Страница 26: ...ed by polling the related CFG HW_ANT_ con guration items The active antenna status can be determined by polling the UBX MON RF message or checking the NMEA notice messages If an antenna is connected t...

Страница 27: ...cation Part Description C14 Filtering capacitor L3 DC infeed inductor T1 T2 p channel n channel MOSFET acting as a switch to control the antenna supply U6 Comparator op amp U7 U8 Open drain bu ers to...

Страница 28: ...The antenna can be supplied by VCC_RF or an external supply Note that the supply voltage must be clean as any noise could directly couple into the RF part of the GNSS receiver which will a ect the ove...

Страница 29: ...ANTSUPERV AC indicates that antenna control is activated 2 4 1 4 Antenna short detection ANT_SHORT_N Enable the antenna short detection by setting the con guration item CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to true...

Страница 30: ...nabled to be pulled low if a SHORT is detected Startup message at power up if the con guration is stored GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSUPERV AC SD PDoS SR 3E GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSTATUS INIT 3B GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTST...

Страница 31: ...rawn from the active antenna OPEN Antenna is not detected That is little or no current is drawn from the active antenna OK Antenna is detected and no short is detected Table 17 Available antenna detec...

Страница 32: ...a su cient number of satellites with valid ephemeris the receiver can calculate position and velocity data Other GNSS receiver manufacturers call this startup mode Factory startup Warm start In warm...

Страница 33: ...ace to the host system There are functions to monitor detect certain security threads and report it to the host system Other functions try to mitigate the thread and allow the receiver to operate norm...

Страница 34: ...the setting the receiver demonstrates di erent behavior In on o operation the receiver switches between phases of startup navigation and phases with low or almost no system activity backup sleep In c...

Страница 35: ...mall number of extremely bad signals e g no sky view it will transition to the Inactive for search state after the timeout con gured in MAXACQTIME User con gurable mechanisms MINACQTIME is the minimum...

Страница 36: ...after the con gured search period minus a start up margin Once the ONTIME is over the POT state is entered Setting the ONTIME to zero causes the receiver to enter the POT state as soon as possible In...

Страница 37: ...NT pin is held high In PSMOO the receiver will therefore always be in the Acquisition or the Tracking state In PSMCT the receiver can in addition be in the POT state When EXTINT is set low the receive...

Страница 38: ...iod For short update periods in the range of a few seconds cyclic tracking should be con gured For long update periods in the range of minutes or longer only use on o operation See section On O mode a...

Страница 39: ...king state Take into account that enabling WAITTIMEFIX will delay the transition from the Acquisition state to the Tracking state by at least two extra seconds The quality of the position xes can also...

Страница 40: ...M PMREQ The V_IO and VCC must be supplied however VCC supply is internally disabled to save power The V_IO supply maintains the BBR RTC and PIOs Entering the software standby mode clears the RAM memor...

Страница 41: ...ins and output via the TIMEPULSE pin and the parameters reported in corresponding messages The CFG TP TIMEGRID_TP con guration item allows the user to choose between any of the supported GNSS GPS GLON...

Страница 42: ...time base for its GNSS system time conversion to GPS time requires no work at all but conversion to UTC requires knowledge of the number of leap seconds since GPS time started and other minor correcti...

Страница 43: ...the time validity can be con rmed by using an additional independent source meaning that the probability of the time to be correct is very high Note that information about time validity con rmation i...

Страница 44: ...er appears directly overhead at 0 longitude at midday Occasionally a leap second is announced to bring UTC back into close alignment with the mean solar time Usually this means adding an extra second...

Страница 45: ...VER con guration item The following example illustrates how this works Assume that the reference rollover week number set in the rmware at compile time is 2148 which corresponds to a week in calendar...

Страница 46: ...eature providing clock pulses with con gurable duration and frequency The time pulse function can be con gured using the CFG TP con guration group The UBX TIM TP message provides time information for...

Страница 47: ...applications it is recommended to calibrate the antenna cable delay against a reference timing source To get the best timing accuracy with the antenna a xed and accurate position is needed If relative...

Страница 48: ...s set to use another setting in locked mode pulse length ratio Length or duty cycle of the generated pulse speci es either time or ratio for the pulse to be on o pulse length ratio lock Length or duty...

Страница 49: ...ormance of the receiver restart Estimate of GNSS time can be maintained by a real time clock or it can be provided to the receiver by the host Estimate of the clock drift of the receiver local oscilla...

Страница 50: ...e accurate frequency from satellite transmissions A stable external reference frequency can be used to speed up receiver testing in production test setup The host system may also be able to provide th...

Страница 51: ...in one dimension for PL It is not speci ed as a horizontal 2D or 3D value The protection level values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 are con dence intervals around the reported position for example UBX NAV PV...

Страница 52: ...ese cases must be checked Only if the PL is set to valid UBX NAV PL plPosValid the PL values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 can be used and are reliable with respect to the target misleading information risk 2...

Страница 53: ...k to the receiver when it has been restarted See the description of the UBX MGA DBD messages in the MAX M10S interface description 3 for more information 2 13 3 AssistNow o ine AssistNow O ine is a fe...

Страница 54: ...tain a standard HTTP query string in the request URL The query string consists of a set of key value parameters in the following form key value key value key value The following rules apply The order...

Страница 55: ...ils can be found in the MAX M10S interface description 3 Where circumstances prevent providing all three of these pieces of data providing some is likely to be better than none at all as this helps to...

Страница 56: ...underlying broadcast ephemeris was intended for This makes downloading new ephemeris or aiding data for the rst x unnecessary for subsequent startups of the receiver The AssistNow Autonomous feature...

Страница 57: ...nformation only for approximately 30 minutes This is not long enough to extend it in a usable way Orbit information of each GLONASS satellite must be collected at least for four hours to generate data...

Страница 58: ...hase of the satellite and Earth and the age of the data errors add up over time AssistNow Autonomous will typically extend a broadcast ephemeris from three up to six days The CFG ANA ORBMAXERR item al...

Страница 59: ...the power o state The power down will be delayed until all calculations are done AssistNow Autonomous should be enabled if the system has sporadic access to the AssistNow O ine service In this case th...

Страница 60: ...l batched data is lost when the feature is disabled Batched xes are always retrieved starting with the oldest x in the bu er and progressing towards newer ones There is no way to skip certain xes duri...

Страница 61: ...sent to the cloud needs to be minimized The data can be reduced to 50 20 or even 12 Bytes and the time for the receiver to stay on shall be limited to the minimum as well These messages contain the me...

Страница 62: ...quently is interrupted if VCC supply is removed 3 1 2 V_IO V_IO supplies all the digital IOs clock and the backup domain The current drawn at V_IO also depends on the activity and loading of the PIOs...

Страница 63: ...p mode and Figure 22 for designs without backup supply VIO_SEL is grounded Note that the voltage output at VCC_RF VCC 0 1 V Note that the maximum supply tolerance is 1 8 V 2 To enter hardware backup m...

Страница 64: ...the GNSS signal itself One reason is that the frequency band above 1 GHz is not well regulated with regards to EMI and even if permitted signal levels are much higher than the GNSS signal power In pa...

Страница 65: ...the chart the center frequency span and resolution values set for the spectrum and the PGA value are also displayed The PGA value represents the internal gain set by the receiver which depends on the...

Страница 66: ...terference The MAX M10S RF front end is designed for the highest sensitivity The integrated RF circuit is matched to 50 and includes a built in DC block an LTE Band 13 notch lter an LNA and an SAW lte...

Страница 67: ...ion may reduce receiver sensitivity or cause a complete loss of signal reception The severity of the interference depends on the repetition rate frequency signal level modulation and bandwidth of the...

Страница 68: ...sion power and the isolation between the antennas Practical values for antenna isolation can range from 15 20 dB down to 6 10 dB for very small devices RF interference may also couple from external so...

Страница 69: ...F signal line and isolates the antenna supply from the RF signal line at GNSS frequencies Both R8 and L3 must have su cient current and power rating to withstand the short circuit current Example comp...

Страница 70: ...o layers For the RF signal line it is best to use the co planar waveguide with ground on the second layer All the RF parts need a solid GND plane underneath in order to achieve the targeted impedance...

Страница 71: ...m pitch and are 0 8 mm wide except the 4 pads at each corner pin 1 9 10 and 18 that are only 0 7 mm Figure 30 and Figure 31 describe the footprint and provide recommendations for the paste mask Note t...

Страница 72: ...he amount of solder paste under the module and increase it outside of the module by de ning the dimensions of the paste mask to form a T shape or equivalent extending beyond the copper mask Recommende...

Страница 73: ...s for example patch antenna 10 pF coax cable 50 80 pF m or soldering iron To prevent electrostatic discharge through the RF input do not touch any exposed antenna area If there is any risk that such e...

Страница 74: ...pe B as speci ed in the u blox Packaging information reference 4 4 2 2 Tapes Figure 32 shows the feed direction and illustrates the orientation of the components on the tape Figure 32 Orientation of t...

Страница 75: ...nformation reference 4 4 3 Soldering Re ow soldering procedures are described in the IPC JEDEC J STD 020 standard When populating the modules make sure that the pick and place machine is aligned to th...

Страница 76: ...to be generated Conversely if performed excessively ne balls and large balls will be generated in clusters End temperature 150 200 C If the temperature is too low non melting tends to be caused in ar...

Страница 77: ...odule in particular the quartz oscillators The best approach is to use a no clean soldering paste to eliminate the cleaning step after the soldering Repeated re ow soldering Repeated re ow soldering p...

Страница 78: ...arefully Conformal coating of the module will void the warranty Casting If casting is required use viscose or another type of silicon pottant The OEM is strongly advised to qualify such processes in c...

Страница 79: ...y if it is still suitable for the target design requirements Pin out 1 1 pin out mapping with MAX M8Q C modules but not with MAX M8W HW change is required for MAX M8W designs that use V_ANT pin 13 to...

Страница 80: ...red to increase the drive strength of the digital IO output pin or adjust the load accordingly Table 32 MAX M10S hardware features compared to MAX M8 modules Migrating from MAX M8W to MAX M10S require...

Страница 81: ...be used to reduce power consumption by saving navigation solutions on the receiver for up to 10 minutes at 1 Hz and polling the solutions afterwards to a host MCU Code change optional Con guration lo...

Страница 82: ...rom MAX M10S as shown in Figure 38 or from an external supply as shown in Figure 39 Nevertheless the internal LNA provides enough gain for passive antennas MAX M10S has an internal SAW lter and no add...

Страница 83: ...sources This is especially useful when MAX M10S is used in cellular applications An active antenna can be supplied with the VCC_RF output from MAX M10S or from an external supply VCC_RF is a ltered ou...

Страница 84: ...e default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_SWITCH_PIN 7 default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL 0 false CFG HW ANT_SUP_SHORT_PIN 5 CFG HW ANT...

Страница 85: ..._PIN 3 CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET_POL 1 true default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_OPEN_PIN 2 CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL 0 false defau...

Страница 86: ...ecommended component L3 RF Bias T inductor 27 nH 5 Murata LQG15H LQW15A series Johanson Technology L 07W series Any other inductor with impedance 500 at GNSS frequency and current rating above 300 mA...

Страница 87: ...22001426 3 u blox M10 SPG 5 10 Interface description UBX 21035062 4 u blox Packaging information reference UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documentation and to receive product change noti...

Страница 88: ...h ROM SPG 5 10 rmware Product status is available in the data sheet 1 Updates pin assignment receiver con guration PIOs power save modes power supplies RF front end migration and reference designs sec...

Страница 89: ...MAX M10S Integration manual Contact For further support and contact information visit us at www u blox com support UBX 20053088 R03 Page 89 of 89 C1 Public...

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