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NEO-M9N - Integration manual

3.11 Power management

u-blox receivers support diﬀerent power modes. These modes represent strategies of how to control
the acquisition and tracking engines in order to achieve either the best possible performance or good
performance with reduced power consumption.

Receiver power management can be split into two categories:

•

Externally controlled power management:

This includes various modes of power management

that are directly operated by the user or host device. These modes are:

1.

External cycling of the receiver main power supply

2.

Instruct the receiver to turn on/oﬀ via the UBX-RXM-PMREQ message

3.

Instruct the receiver to turn on/oﬀ via external pins (EXTINT0 or EXTINT1)

•

Internally controlled power management:

Here the receiver makes the decision when to power

down/up some/all of its internal components according to predeﬁned parameters. It is also
referred to as power save mode (PSM). In PSM one of two modes of operations can be selected:

1.

On/oﬀ operation (PSMOO)

2.

Cyclic tracking (PSMCT)

Continuous operation

Cyclic operation

On/oﬀ operation

Main use

Continuous position tracking Low-power continuous

position tracking

Occasional position tracking

Possible applications

Navigation applications

Tracking devices with battery Tracking devices which only

need a position ﬁx every few
minutes or less

Table 19: Diﬀerent power management modes

The following ﬁgure illustrates u-blox power management modes.

Figure 17: u-blox power management

The majority of the power management section explains the power save mode (internally
controlled power management). However, some concepts relevant to the externally controlled power
management are also explained, such as the

,

and

Power on/oﬀ command

.

UBX-19014286 - R07

3 Receiver functionality

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Содержание NEO-M9N

Страница 1: ...ntegration manual describing the u blox NEO M9N GNSS module NEO M9N o ers ultra robust meter level GNSS positioning performance with concurrent reception of up to four GNSS GPS GLONASS BeiDou Galileo...

Страница 2: ...s logos and designs included in this document Copying reproduction modi cation or disclosure to third parties of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission...

Страница 3: ...17 3 3 2 Interface 17 3 3 3 Geofence state evaluation 18 3 3 4 Using a PIO for geofence state output 18 3 4 Logging 18 3 4 1 Introduction 18 3 4 2 Setting the logging system up 19 3 4 3 Information a...

Страница 4: ...tion 54 3 12 7 Leap seconds 55 3 12 8 Real time clock 55 3 12 9 Date 55 3 13 Timing functionality 56 3 13 1 Time pulse 56 3 13 2 Timemark 60 3 14 Security 61 3 14 1 Spoo ng detection monitoring 61 3 1...

Страница 5: ...8 1 Placement 79 4 8 2 Thermal management 79 4 8 3 Package footprint copper and paste mask 79 4 8 4 Layout guidance 81 4 9 Design guidance 82 4 9 1 General considerations 82 4 9 2 Backup battery 83 4...

Страница 6: ...source of information on all aspects of NEO M9N system software and hardware design The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for a successful integration of the receiver with the custome...

Страница 7: ...ximizes the position accuracy in particular under challenging conditions such as deep urban canyons u blox M9 receivers detect jamming and spoo ng events and report them to the host which allows the s...

Страница 8: ...database consisting of separate con guration items An item is made up of a pair consisting of a key ID and a value Related items are grouped together and identi ed under a common group name CFG GROUP...

Страница 9: ...es and antenna signal from the application have been connected 3 1 4 2 Communication interface con guration Several con guration groups allow operation mode con guration of the various communication i...

Страница 10: ...s Version 3 October 7 2016 The RTCM speci cation is currently at version 3 3 and RTCM version 2 messages are not supported by this standard To modify the RTCM input output settings see the con guratio...

Страница 11: ...n Table 3 and Table 4 below Platform Description Portable default Applications with low acceleration e g portable devices Suitable for most situations Stationary Used in timing applications antenna mu...

Страница 12: ...y due to the long signal path through the atmosphere CFG NAVSPG INFIL_NCNOTHRS CFG NAVSPG INFIL_CNOTHRS A navigation solution will only be attempted if there are at least the given number of SVs with...

Страница 13: ...activates this feature and the CFG ODO COGMAXSPEED CFG ODO COGMAXPOSACC con guration items o er the possibility to con gure a low speed course over ground lter also named heading of motion 2D This lt...

Страница 14: ...NEO M9N Integration manual Figure 2 Position publication in static hold mode Figure 3 Flowchart of the static hold mode UBX 19014286 R07 3 Receiver functionality Page 14 of 95 C1 Public...

Страница 15: ...conditions low signal strength i e signal attenuation indicates likely contamination by multipath The receiver trusts such signals less in order to preserve the quality of the position solution in po...

Страница 16: ...S are combined to make a Total Electron Content TEC map This map is transferred to the receiver via SBAS satellites to allow a correction of the ionosphere error on each received signal Message type M...

Страница 17: ...t met SBAS integrity data will not be applied SBAS is only used if no correction services are available If the connection stream is lost during the operation the receiver will switch to using the SBAS...

Страница 18: ...ence state output This feature can be used for example for waking up a sleeping host when a de ned geofence condition is reached The receiver will toggle the assigned pin according to the combined geo...

Страница 19: ...ircular log If the log is circular a set of older log entries will be deleted when it lls up and the space freed up is used for new log entries By contrast if a non circular log becomes full then new...

Страница 20: ...or if all of MIN_INTERVAL TIME_THRS SPEED_THRS or POSITION_THRS thresholds are exceeded If a threshold is set to zero it is ignored Position xes are only recorded if a valid x is obtained Failed and...

Страница 21: ...ocessing is stopped during the transfer see UBX CFG RST UBX LOG RETRIEVE can specify a start entry index and entry count The maximum number of entries that can be returned in response to a single UBX...

Страница 22: ...Message Description UBX MON BATCH Provides information about the bu er ll level and dropped data due to overrun UBX LOG RETRIEVEBATCH Starts the batch retrieval process UBX LOG BATCH A batch entry re...

Страница 23: ...OG BATCH messages with the batched xes To maximize the speed of transfer it is recommended that a high communications data rate is used The receiver will discard retrieval request while processing a p...

Страница 24: ...dish line represents the frozen spectrum before modifying the external gain while the black line represents the current measurement Figure 9 Spectrum analyzer view in u center with the option view hol...

Страница 25: ...d o so it must be either supplied or enabled by the VCC For the I2C line a dual bidirectional bus bu er is needed Figure 10 NEO M9N interface isolation 3 7 1 UART A Universal Asynchronous Receiver Tra...

Страница 26: ...ncy is 400 kHz the maximum transfer rate is 400 kb s The SCL and SDA pins have internal pull up resistors which should be su cient for most applications However depending on the speed of the host and...

Страница 27: ...om the master the 7 bit device address and the RW bit which is a logic low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to ind...

Страница 28: ...ss The receiver does not provide any write access except for writing UBX and NMEA messages to the receiver such as con guration or aiding data Therefore the register set mentioned in the section Read...

Страница 29: ...To prevent the receiver from being busy parsing incoming data the parsing process is stopped after 50 subsequent bytes containing 0xFF The parsing process is re enabled with the rst byte not equal to...

Страница 30: ...upply The V_USB pin is used to detect the availability of the USB port i e whether the receiver is connected to a USB host The receiver draws only minimal amount of current 1 mA from V_USB USB suspend...

Страница 31: ...SPI_MOSI UART1 RXD 18 SPI_CS_N I2C SDA 19 SPI_CLK I2C SCL Table 16 D_SEL con guration 3 8 2 RESET_N The NEO M9N provides the ability to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is an input only pin with an...

Страница 32: ...message does not indicate if the TX READY con guration is successfully set it only indicates the successful con guration of the port To validate successful con guration of the TX_READY pin the port c...

Страница 33: ...s entirely on the receiver Table 17 below contains an overview of the di erent MGA services u blox provides Requirements AssistNow Online AssistNow O ine AssistNow Autonomous Requires external ash mem...

Страница 34: ...tter data is available Using these estimates will not provide as accurate a position x as if current ephemeris data is used but it will allow much faster TTFFs in nearly all cases The data obtained fr...

Страница 35: ...XXX gnss gps glo 3 9 3 2 Time position and almanac While AssistNow O ine can be used on its own it is expected that the user will provide estimates of the receiver s current position the current time...

Страница 36: ...hole process The above three steps are repeated until all the rest of the data has been successfully transferred or the process has been aborted The host sends a UBX MGA FLASH STOP message to indicate...

Страница 37: ...AssistNow O ine data looking for entries with a date stamp that most closely matches the current UTC time date The host sends each such UBX MGA ANO message to the receiver Note that when data has been...

Страница 38: ...generates the required parts of the orbits suitable for navigation from the stored data The data is also automatically kept current in order to minimize the calculation time once the navigation engine...

Страница 39: ...ously collected satellite observation data from the ash memory The UBX NAV AOPSTATUS message provides information on the current state of the AssistNow Autonomous subsystem The status indicates whethe...

Страница 40: ...various factors such as the satellite position accuracy the number of visible satellites and the geometry DOP of the visible satellites Position xes that include AssistNow Autonomous orbit informatio...

Страница 41: ...artup is automatically done if the corresponding data is present in the ash Data expiration is not checked The following outlines the suggested shutdown procedure when using the save on shutdown featu...

Страница 42: ...up some all of its internal components according to prede ned parameters It is also referred to as power save mode PSM In PSM one of two modes of operations can be selected 1 On o operation PSMOO 2 Cy...

Страница 43: ...This means that entering all power saving states is delayed until the conditions necessary to produce a time pulse have been met Therefore in order to obtain good power save mode operation it is essen...

Страница 44: ...as Acquisition timeout Internal mechanisms If the receiver is able to acquire weak signals but not of the quality needed to get a x it will transition to Inactive awaiting next search state after the...

Страница 45: ...er the con gured search period minus a start up margin As soon as the receiver gets a valid position x one passing the navigation output lters it enters Tracking state Upon entering Tracking state the...

Страница 46: ...rking in on o or cyclic tracking operation Therefore it has to temporarily switch to continuous operation for the time the satellites transmit the desired data To save power the receiver schedules the...

Страница 47: ...more information on the two modes of operation 3 11 2 2 2 Reference time standard Where multiple GNSS can operate simultaneously UTC time standard is used for the operation of PSM 3 11 2 2 3 Update pe...

Страница 48: ...termine the maximum time to spend in Acquisition state Note that shorter settings below about 45 s will degrade an unaided receiver s ability to collect new Ephemeris data at low signal levels see sec...

Страница 49: ...te is su cient to the receiver s UART interface This will wake up the receiver if it is in Inactive state If the receiver is not in Inactive state the sequence will be ignored Send the con guration me...

Страница 50: ...Autonomous is bene cial to the overall power consumption or not 3 11 2 4 Examples 3 11 2 4 1 Use grid o set Scenario Get a position x once a day at a xed time If the position x cannot be obtained try...

Страница 51: ...le to produce position xes it can switch from cyclic operation to on o operation if this is not disabled with the DONOTENTEROFF switch in CFG PM In that case the remarks below are relevant On o operat...

Страница 52: ...the results is an accurate measurement of time in the time base of the chosen GNSS system called GNSS system time The di erence between the calculated GNSS system time and receiver local time is calle...

Страница 53: ...t GNSS receivers use this representation internally only converting to a more conventional form at external interfaces The iTOW eld is the most obvious externally visible consequence of this internal...

Страница 54: ...redth of a second remains so the extra digit is always 0 UTC time is also reported within some UBX messages such as UBX NAV TIMEUTC and UBX NAV PVT In these messages date and time are separated into s...

Страница 55: ...bout the current time within their data message In most cases this is a time of week often abbreviated to TOW which indicates the elapsed number of seconds since the start of the week midnight Saturda...

Страница 56: ...7 calendar year 2019 2028 It is important to set the reference rollover week number appropriately when supplying u blox receivers with simulated signals especially when the scenarios are in the past 3...

Страница 57: ...able delay and user delay The recommended con guration when using the UBX TIM TP message is to set both the measurement rate CFG RATE MEAS and the time pulse frequency CFG TP to 1 Hz Since the rate of...

Страница 58: ...ed to use a variant of UTC time after a cold start substantial delays before the receiver has su cient information to start outputting the time pulse can be expected 3 13 1 4 Time pulse con guration u...

Страница 59: ...time is not locked or to indicate a lock with di erent duty cycles align to TOW If this item is set pulses are aligned to the top of a second polarity If set the rst edge of the pulse is a rising edge...

Страница 60: ...are also applied to the results output in the UBX TIM TM2 message A UBX TIM TM2 message is output at the next epoch if The UBX TIM TM2 message is enabled and A rising or falling edge was triggered sin...

Страница 61: ...view about possible threads and which functionality is available to detect and or mitigate it Threat u blox solution Over air signal integrity Spoo ng detection monitoring Jamming interference detecti...

Страница 62: ...pendent of the CW only jamming indicator described in Jamming interference indicator above This monitor reports whether jamming has been detected or suspected by the receiver The receiver monitors the...

Страница 63: ...a con guration layer in volatile memory RAM BBR is removed when the memory is cleared However the con guration lock set in non volatile memory ash memory is permanent apart from one exception during r...

Страница 64: ...ty checks have passed Where the parity checking algorithm requires data to be inverted before it is decoded e g GPS L1C A the receiver carries this out before the message output Therefore users can pr...

Страница 65: ...data words only comprise 30 bits the 2 most signi cant bits in each word reported by UBX RXM SFRBX are padding and should be ignored 3 15 1 5 Galileo u blox M9 receivers running can receive and track...

Страница 66: ...subframe contains a pair of I NAV pages as described in the Galileo ICD Galileo pages can either be Nominal or Alert pages For Galileo Nominal pages the eight words are arranged as follows Figure 28 G...

Страница 67: ...ing table gives a summary of the di erent data message formats reported by the UBX RXM SFRBX message GNSS Signal gnssId sigId numWords period GPS L1C A 0 0 10 6s Galileo E1 B 2 1 8 2s BeiDou B1I D1 3...

Страница 68: ...X CFG RST message o ers the navBbrMask eld where hot warm and cold starts can be initiated and also other combinations thereof The reset type can also be speci ed This is not related to GNSS but to th...

Страница 69: ...no Name I O Description 1 SAFEBOOT_N I SAFEBOOT_N used for FW updates and recon guration leave open 2 D_SEL I Interface select open or VCC UART I2C GND SPI 3 TIMEPULSE O TIMEPULSE 1 PPS 4 EXTINT I EX...

Страница 70: ...M9N modules must charge the internal capacitors in the core domain In certain situations this can result in a signi cant current draw For low power applications using backup mode it is important that...

Страница 71: ...s handled with software commands See the NEO M9N Interface description 2 for more information 4 2 3 V_USB USB interface power supply V_USB supplies the USB interface If the USB interface is not used t...

Страница 72: ...able hot starts the time information must be provided accurately and thus the time mark feature must be used The time aiding and time mark features are described in the NEO M9N Interface description 2...

Страница 73: ...erfere with the antenna performance The antenna must have su cient bandwidth to receive all needed GNSS constellations Also the antenna should have a suitable ground plane to achieve good performance...

Страница 74: ...ctive antenna module meeting u blox s speci cation A suitable ground plane is required for the antenna to achieve good performance Active antenna may have strong gain For maximum external gain see the...

Страница 75: ...ever a signi cant violation may reduce receiver sensitivity or cause a complete loss of signal reception The severity of the interference depends on the repetition rate frequency signal level modulati...

Страница 76: ...charge ESD Special precautions are required when handling Most defects caused by ESD can be prevented by following strict ESD protection rules for production and handling When implementing passive ant...

Страница 77: ...the GNSS antenna EMI protection measures are particularly useful when RF emitting devices are placed next to the GNSS receiver and or to minimize the risk of EMI degradation due to self jamming An ad...

Страница 78: ...ranteed even under interference conditions In such a case not only the maximum power ratings of the components in the receiver RF path must be observed Further non linear e ects like gain compression...

Страница 79: ...circuits on the board A proper GND concept shall be followed The RF section shall not be subject to noisy digital supply currents running through its GND plane 4 8 2 Thermal management During design i...

Страница 80: ...NEO M9N Integration manual 4 8 3 1 Mechanical dimensions Figure 37 NEO M9N mechanical dimensions UBX 19014286 R07 4 Design Page 80 of 95 C1 Public...

Страница 81: ...uces the risk of performance issues at design level 4 8 4 1 RF In trace The RF In trace has to work in the middle L band frequencies A grounded co planar RF trace is recommended as it provides the max...

Страница 82: ...n the top layer should be referenced to a suitable ground layer 4 8 4 2 VCC pad The VCC pad for the NEO M9N module needs to have as low an impedance as possible with large vias to the lower power laye...

Страница 83: ...cted with VCC removed 4 9 3 RF front end circuit options The rst stages of the signal processing chain are crucial to the overall receiver performance When an RF input connector is employed this can p...

Страница 84: ...minimal design with the NEO M9N GNSS modules consider the following functions and pins Connect the power supply to VCC and V_BCKP V_USB If USB is used it is recommended V_USB is to be powered as per U...

Страница 85: ...ntenna area is touched in non ESD protected work area implement proper ESD protection measures in the design When soldering RF connectors and patch antennas to the receiver s RF pin make sure to use a...

Страница 86: ...rature rises above the liquidus temperature of 217 C Avoid a sudden rise in temperature as the slump of the paste could become worse Limit time above 217 C liquidus temperature 40 60 s Peak re ow temp...

Страница 87: ...r a single nal upright re ow cycle A module placed on the underside of the board may detach during a re ow soldering cycle due to lack of adhesion The module can also tolerate an additional re ow cycl...

Страница 88: ...of metal strips directly onto the EMI covers Use of ultrasonic processes Some components on the module are sensitive to ultrasonic waves Use of any ultrasonic processes cleaning welding etc may cause...

Страница 89: ...Guide 4 5 6 Moisture sensitivity levels The moisture sensitivity level MSL for NEO M9N is speci ed in the table below Package MSL level LCC 4 Table 27 MSL level For MSL standard see IPC JEDEC J STD 0...

Страница 90: ...nts Ensure that the power supply is still able to provide clean and stable voltage with the higher current demand in NEO M9N Pin out 1 1 pin out mapping with NEO 8Q M8N Q J M modules NEO M8M pin 14 is...

Страница 91: ...urces in the design Code change optional Time pulse The quantization error output via UBX TIM TP2 is no longer supported u blox recommends using dedicated timing products for precise time information...

Страница 92: ...ctromagnetic interference EOS Electrical overstress EPA Electrostatic protective area ESD Electrostatic discharge Galileo European navigation satellite system GLONASS Russian navigation satellite syst...

Страница 93: ...e description UBX 21022437 NDA required 3 u blox M9 SPG 4 04 Release notes UBX 20036165 4 Packaging information for u blox chips modules and antennas UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documen...

Страница 94: ...section 3 1 5 RTCM corrections Removed old section 4 3 4 NEO M9N power supply Updated description of 50 matching in section 4 5 Antenna R05 11 Sep 2020 jesk Early production information Updated rmware...

Страница 95: ...u blox com E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional O ce China Chongqing Phone 86 23 6815 1588 E mail info_cn u blox com Support support_cn u blox com Regional O ce China Shan...

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