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Turbostart SMART CHArGer USER GUIDE
Chapter 3
Battery Charging
5
SMART CHArGers
charge batteries in what is known as the multi-stage charging sequence. The charging
voltage delivered to the battery depends on the battery’s depth of discharge.
The 3 stages are:
• Stage 1 - Bulk
• Stage 2 - Absorption/Equalization
• Stage 3 - Float
Stage 1 / Bulk Charge
In Stage 1 / Bulk charging the SMART CHArGer delivers its full-rated output current. This constant current is delivered
to the batteries until the battery voltage approaches its absorption voltage, either 2.5V per cell or 2.375V per cell depending on
battery type selected. Stage 1 / bulk charge restores about 75% of the battery’s charge and this stage is completed very quickly
unless the battery is deeply discharged. During this stage the charge rate current on the ammeter should close to the charge rate
selected on the front panel switch.
Stage 2 / Absorption Charge
During the Stage 2 / Absorption charging the charging voltage is held constant near the gassing voltage, and the charging current
is allowed to diminish as the battery comes up to 100% charge. Complex algorithms considering the time, voltage level, and
charging current determine when the charger exits this stage and goes to the final stage, Stage 3 / Float charging. The length of
time of this stage depends on the battery and is not fixed.
Stage 3 / Float Charge
Stage 3 / Float charging is a maintenance phase in which the output voltage of the charger is reduced to a lower level, typically
about 2.26 V per cell to maintain the battery’s charge without losing electrolyte through gassing. In the Stage 3 / float charge,
the charger will initiate a new charge cycle if:
• AC power is disconnected and reconnected
• The current demand on the
SMART CHArGer
exceeds the battery recharge current setting.
Figure B-1
Three-stage charging profile
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
PERFORMANCE CURVE
BULK CHARGE ABSORPTION CHARGE
CONSTANT CURRENT CONSTANT VOLTAGE
FLOAT CHARGE
Vo
lts
Per
Ce
ll
Am
pe
rag
e
Charge Start Charge Complete
TIME