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sides of the bucket to scrape off any high spots.
Dislodge any exposed rocks if they seem loose. When finishing walls, finish the far wall by curling the bucket out, crowding the
dipperstick out, and forcing the bucket down. To finish the closest wall, lift the bucket up and curl it in.
Once the sides are cleaned up, finish grading the bottom of the excavation. This is done by making the remaining cuts long
and shallow, concentrating on making them level and smooth. Remove any remaining spoil. Check the excavation bottom for
depth and levelness, making any adjusting cuts as needed.
The basic steps just listed at the same regardless of the excavation. All other digging jobs are simply variations of this basic
procedure. Remember to make your cuts in smooth cycles. This will reduce operator fatigue and machine wear while
increasing productivity and efficiency.
No work can be performed by dragging a full bucket. Any time the dipperstick cylinder cannot move the dipperstick, it is then
necessary to actuate the bucket. This will lessen the "bite" and ease the bucket so the dipper can be moved.
The manner in which to obtain a full bucket every time is to work from the top down and taking a shallow enough "bite" to
enable the operator to make a clean, smooth pass. When performing digging operations, be sure the bucket teeth are at the
correct angle for break-out and ease of filling the bucket.
When the filled bucket is being raised, do not pull the dipperstick closer to the boom than necessary to clear the hole. This will
eliminate the need for extending the dipperstick to dump the bucket on the spill pile. All operations should be made smoothly
for efficient operation. Yanking on the control levers and jamming the bucket will not do the work, but can result in heating of
the oil and inefficient operation. Once the bucket is clear of the ditch or hole, it can be swung to the side for dumping. At the
start of the work, dump the material far enough to the side so there will be ample room to pile the entire spill.
Loading trucks is performed satisfactorily with the backhoe by curling the bucket close to the dipperstick to prevent spillage
from the bucket when it is raised. With the 3-point hitch mounted backhoe you can make full 180 degree swing, so it is
possible to dump either side of the excavation as desired. The swing on the backhoe is completely hydraulic and needs no pin
moving or other mechanical changes to make the 180 degree swing.
When digging trenches, usually it is important to obtain a level bottom. Inexperienced operators sometimes have difficulty in
achieving this. Level bottoms are achieved by setting the bucket teeth on a slight angle and maintaining this angle by
gradually uncurling the bucket as the dipperstick is drawn toward the operator. At the same time, pull back intermittently on
the boom control lever. This will feather the boom and maintain a level bottom.
To dig a straight trench, it is best to chalk a mark about 30 cm off the center of the intended trench. Then, make a marking on
the backhoe frame about 30 cm off center. The operator can maintain a straight line by keeping the mark on the backhoe
directly over the chalk marking on the ground.
When digging a pipe leak, always dig along the line of pipe and never across it. Excavate around the leak to give ample room
for the repair to be made.
When trenching on a slope, always start at the top and work down. When working across a slope make full use of the
stabilizers on the backhoe to level the machine. Always pile the dirt on the uphill side. Caution should be exercised when
working on slopes. The rate of travel on slopes, hillsides and curves should always be such that there is no danger of tipping.
Always keep cylinders in a retracted position when the backhoe is not in use to guard against rust and contamination which
may cause damage to the cylinder rods or hydraulic system. Also, lock the swing and boom while tractor is moving and
storing for an extended period of time.
