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FFT and RBW

WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual

3- 177

FFT Points

The number of FFT points is normally set automatically by the RBW setting.

The value is basically 1024. It can be set in powers of 2 from 64 to 8192. This

value is the number of points in one physical frame in the time and frequency

domains. If the number of points is reduced, the frame period is shortened and

more spectrum variations can be observed in the spectrogram view. If the number

of the points is increased, S/N ratio and frequency resolution are improved.

NOTE

. Setting the number of FFT points greater than the limit (8192) causes the

noise floor to go down and occasionally causes spurious signals to appear (see
Figure 3--126). It cannot be determined whether the spurious signal comes from
the input signal or the instrument.

The number of FFT points is normally limited to 8192 internally to avoid

displaying internally-generated spurious signals. However, you can remove this

restriction and set the number of FFT points up to 65536 using the following

steps:

1.

Display the measurement signal on the screen.

2.

Press the

RBW/FFT

key on the front panel.

3.

Press the

RBW/FFT

side key to select

FFT

.

4.

Press the

Extended Res.

side key to select

On

.

5.

Press the

FFT Points

side key and select the value with the general purpose

knob. The range extends up to 65536 in powers of 2.

The waveform after FFT is displayed with the selected number of points.

Normal noise floor

Spurious signal

Increasing the number of FFT points

causes the noise floor to go down and

occasionally display spurious signals.

Figure 3- 126: Generating spurious signals by increasing the number of FFT points

Limit on the FFT Points

Содержание WCA200A

Страница 1: ...User Manual WCA230A WCA280A 3 GHz 8 GHz Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers 071 1253 07 This document applies to firmware version 3 30 and above www tektronix com...

Страница 2: ...nd pending Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektr...

Страница 3: ...AND WITH ALL FAULTS THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SATISFACTORY QUALITY PERFORMANCE ACCURACY AND EFFORT INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE IS WITH YOU ALSO THERE IS NO WARRANTY AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH YOUR ENJOYM...

Страница 4: ...USED ON THE DEVICE The combination of software programs you use on the DEVICE shall address not more than two 2 general office automation or consumer computing functions Such functions include but ar...

Страница 5: ...duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintena...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...erformance Warranty Repair Service Tektronix technicians provide warranty service at most Tektronix service locations worldwide The warranty period for this product can be found behind the title page...

Страница 8: ......

Страница 9: ...Applying Power 1 10 Setting Up the Stand 1 13 Functional Check 1 14 Powering Off the Analyzer 1 18 Restart 1 19 Backing Up User Files 1 20 About Installation of Other Applications 1 20 Calibration 1 2...

Страница 10: ...Time Mode 3 83 Measurement Screen Layout 3 83 Time Variation Measurement 3 84 CCDF Measurement 3 88 Pulse Measurements 3 93 Signal Source Analysis 3 103 Setting Frequency and Span 3 119 Frequency and...

Страница 11: ...bol Table Setting 3 206 Eye Diagram Setting 3 206 AM AM View Setting 3 208 AM PM View Setting 3 209 PDF View Setting 3 210 Noisogram View Setting 3 211 Display Line 3 213 Display Line Operation Other...

Страница 12: ...ics A 2 Physical Characteristics A 16 Environmental Characteristics A 16 Appendix B Menu Tree B 1 Appendix C Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping C 1 Appendix D Inspection and Cleaning D 1 Inspecting t...

Страница 13: ...3 Spectrum of the calibration signal 50 MHz about 20 dBm 1 14 Figure 1 14 Setup display 1 15 Figure 1 15 Reference level setting and A D overflow indicator 1 16 Figure 1 16 Spectrogram display 1 17 Fi...

Страница 14: ...e 2 30 Frequency span and amplitude settings 2 34 Figure 2 31 Menu items for numeric value input 2 35 Figure 2 32 Numeric value entry keypad 2 36 Figure 2 33 Center frequency of 800 MHz span of 15 MHz...

Страница 15: ...re 3 12 Carrier frequency measurement 3 13 Figure 3 13 EBW measurement band power markers 3 14 Figure 3 14 EBW measurement 3 15 Figure 3 15 Setting up spurious signal measurement 3 16 Figure 3 16 Exam...

Страница 16: ...57 Figure 3 48 AM PM measurement 3 58 Figure 3 49 CCDF measurement 3 59 Figure 3 50 PDF measurement 3 60 Figure 3 51 RFID waveform and measurement items 3 62 Figure 3 52 Carrier measurement 3 65 Figu...

Страница 17: ...er frequency using MARKER 3 123 Figure 3 85 Relationship between the frequency and span settings 3 125 Figure 3 86 Vector mode and scalar mode 3 126 Figure 3 87 Amplitude menu structure 3 127 Figure 3...

Страница 18: ...T menu tree 3 174 Figure 3 124 Process flow when RBW FFT FFT 3 175 Figure 3 125 FFT overlap 3 176 Figure 3 126 Generating spurious signals by increasing the number of FFT points 3 177 Figure 3 127 Win...

Страница 19: ...nts 3 226 Figure 3 159 Measurement with the reference cursor 3 227 Figure 3 160 Changing the Trace 3 228 Figure 3 161 Interlocked markers 3 229 Figure 3 162 Functions of the peak search keys 3 230 Fig...

Страница 20: ...Table of Contents xii WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Figure B 1 Menu keys B 1 Figure C 1 Symbol mapping GFSK BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 32QAM and 64QAM C 1 Figure C 2 Symbol mapping 256QAM C 2...

Страница 21: ...le 3 10 Details of the RF envelope measurement table 3 76 Table 3 11 Symbol value definition 3 80 Table 3 12 Measurement result display items 3 80 Table 3 13 Signal source measurement items 3 103 Tabl...

Страница 22: ...ulation A 8 Table A 12 Analog demodulation A 10 Table A 13 RBW Resolution Bandwidth A 11 Table A 14 Trigger S N B020000 and above A 12 Table A 15 Trigger S N below B020000 and J300100 and above A 12 T...

Страница 23: ...roperly grounded Observe All Terminal Ratings To avoid fire or shock hazard observe all ratings and markings on the product Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making con...

Страница 24: ...t These terms may appear on the product DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the m...

Страница 25: ...explains the functions of the front rear and side panels and menu items of the analyzer and describes the basic menu operations This section also provides tutorials for beginners It gives step by step...

Страница 26: ...ng basics and GPIB program ming information for the W CDMA downlink analysis H WCA230A and WCA280A Option 23 W CDMA Uplink Analysis Software User Manual 071 1477 XX provides operating basics and GPIB...

Страница 27: ...xt For example SPAN PEAK PRINT If it is part of a procedure the key or control label is printed in boldface For example Press SPAN H To identify keys on the front panel the area name label precedes th...

Страница 28: ...erial numbers due to the different hardware as follows the serial number is labeled on the bottom right corner of the rear panel H S N B020000 and above H S N below B020000 and J300100 and above In th...

Страница 29: ...Getting Started...

Страница 30: ......

Страница 31: ...Hz measurement span and 15 MHz vector span H Real time analysis for seamless capture of time varying RF signals H Spectrum analysis of power ACPR C N OBW EBW and spurious H Analog modulation analysis...

Страница 32: ...ing answers to elusive EMI problems H VCO synthesizer design H RFID device characterization H General purpose digital modulation vector signal analysis H Spectrum monitoring H Radar measurements H Cha...

Страница 33: ...ss filter where resolution of the spectrum analyzer is defined Local oscillator RF input Mixer Resolution filter Detector Display F F Figure 1 1 Concept of the swept spectrum analyzer The filter is sw...

Страница 34: ...observed and recorded continuously Signals A and B are concur rently acquired and displayed as shown in Figure 1 4 Resolution filter 1 Detector 1 RF input Display Resolution filter 2 Resolution filte...

Страница 35: ...s of data in the time domain as shown in Figure 1 5 and then performs the FFT process for each frame This method enables continuous analysis of spectra and ensures the capture of real time phenomenon...

Страница 36: ...I Input RF input 3 GHz 8 GHz down converter IF sampling A D converter Digital down converter External trigger input Trigger detection FFT Extended trigger optional Memory controller Data memory 64 MB...

Страница 37: ...nd the first stage converts a 0 to 15 MHz real signal into a complex signal of 7 5 MHz The second stage converts frequency to set any center frequency A decimating filter between stages changes the sp...

Страница 38: ...n 02 The memory is accessed from the system controller via the ISA PCI bridge The system controller board has an Intel Pentium III CPU It runs on Win dows XP and controls menu operation from the front...

Страница 39: ...ked in a cardboard box for delivery Before opening the box make sure that there is no damage on the surface 2 Open the box check that the product has no damage and that all the standard accessories ar...

Страница 40: ...ptions The maximum power consumption is 350 W Refer to Appendix A Specifica tions for additional information on power and environmental requirements CAUTION Use only power cords that are approved for...

Страница 41: ...power switch on the front panel lights up in orange 2 Turn on the power switch ON STANDBY on the lower left of the front panel The LED next to the power switch changes to green Power switch LED Figure...

Страница 42: ...ion routine refer to Calibrating Gain on page 1 23 CAUTION Never apply signals with a combined amplitude greater than 30 dBm to the RF INPUT connector If you exceed this input rating you can permanent...

Страница 43: ...0A User Manual 1 13 Setting Up the Stand To set up the stand place the analyzer on a table Lift the front of the analyzer and pull out the stand until it is perpendicular to the analyzer Stand Figure...

Страница 44: ...e calibration signal a Press the S A key on the front panel and then press the Spectrum Analyzer side key b Press the PRESET key on the front panel to reset the analyzer c Press the INPUT key on the f...

Страница 45: ...marker disappears 4 Check the RBW Resolution Bandwidth while changing the span setting a Press the SPAN key on the front panel b Confirm that the span is 15 MHz and the RBW is 80 kHz in the setup dis...

Страница 46: ...se knob to set the reference level to 30 dBm d Confirm that A D OVERFLOW is indicated in the red box at the top center of the screen Make sure that 30 dBm is displayed on the upper left side of the gr...

Страница 47: ...am side key Check that the spectrogram is displayed on the lower side of the screen see Figure 1 16 c Press the RUN STOP key on the front panel to stop data acquisition Confirm that the trace display...

Страница 48: ...eserve settings and then power off The LED next to the power switch changes to orange Avoid using the rear panel power switch or disconnecting the power cord to power off the analyzer To completely re...

Страница 49: ...rn on the front panel power switch If the analyzer was not shut down properly Windows Scan Disk may run when you turn on the analyzer When the Scan Disk screen appears wait until the Scan Disk is comp...

Страница 50: ...r to page 3 239 for details on file operations The analyzer is equipped with LAN Ethernet interface as standard allowing you to save data in peripheral devices such as other PCs hard disks and MO via...

Страница 51: ...nual 1 21 Calibration Perform these routines to optimize the analyzer performance H Gain calibration H Center offset calibration H DC offset calibration H Display brightness adjustment Each item is ex...

Страница 52: ...ation Calibrate DC Offset This calibration cancels DC offset in baseband Refer to page 1 25 for the DC offset calibration Auto Calibration Determines whether to automatically perform all possible cali...

Страница 53: ...electrical performance of the analyzer to stabilize During normal operation when the ambient temperature changes by more than 5 C from the temperature at the last calibration UNCAL is displayed in the...

Страница 54: ...n you narrow the span run the calibration NOTE Option 03 only When you input I and Q signals from the rear panel connectors set the IQ input signal level to zero externally When the spurious emission...

Страница 55: ...e the amplitude setting and the DC offset is too obvious run the DC offset calibration When DC offset appears at 0 Hz in the baseband run the calibration Figure 1 20 DC offset To run the DC offset cal...

Страница 56: ...SYSTEM menu Display Brightness SYSTEM key Figure 1 21 System menu 2 Press the Display Brightness side key 3 Turn the general purpose knob to adjust the brightness The setting range is 0 to 100 Confirm...

Страница 57: ...Operating Basics...

Страница 58: ......

Страница 59: ...connectors and display H Controls and connectors H Front panel H Rear panel H Side panel H Using a mouse and keyboard H Display screen H Elements of the display H Status display H Front panel key lock...

Страница 60: ...WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Controls and Connectors Figures 2 1 through 2 3 on the following pages show the controls and connec tors on the front the side and the rear panels 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 6 Figu...

Страница 61: ...tor Connects an input signal Type N type connector Input impedance 50 Maximum capacity of non breakdown input 30 dBm CAUTION Do not apply a signal of more than 30dBm to do so may damage the instrument...

Страница 62: ...ption 03 only A 50 BNC connector for Q signal differential input When using one connector as a single ended input terminate the other end in 50 4 TRIG IN OUT connector A 50 BNC connector for trigger s...

Страница 63: ...OS can be used to save and load data and settings 3 LAN Ethernet connector 10 100BASE T connector When you reboot the analyzer after connecting to LAN the analyzer recognizes the network speed automat...

Страница 64: ...or connect a VGA cable to the analyzer and to the monitor then turn on the monitor before you turn on the analyzer 5 USB connectors two ports Connect USB devices such as a mouse keyboard and printer Y...

Страница 65: ...r numeric input field Home Caret move Moves the caret to the beginning of an input field End Caret move Moves the caret to the end of an input field Backspace Alphanumeric input Deletes the character...

Страница 66: ...Interface Maps 2 8 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Display Screen Figure 2 6 shows the elements of the display screen 1 2 3 7 6 5 4 8 Figure 2 6 Display screen configuration...

Страница 67: ...the front panel the menu associated with that key is displayed Refer to page 2 13 for details of menu items 6 Menu setting display area Displays the last setting of the menu item that can be set with...

Страница 68: ...TRIG D Pre trigger data has been acquired and a trigger event has been detected The instrument is now acquiring post trigger data FREE RUN The instrument acquires and measures without waiting for a t...

Страница 69: ...t this time the message PANEL LOCK is displayed on the top side key see Figure 2 9 PANEL LOCK Front panel key lock display Figure 2 9 Key lock display To cancel the key lock the following two methods...

Страница 70: ...attenuation of an input signal before it enters the internal mixer RBW Indicates RBW Resolution Bandwidth for compatibility with swept spectrum analyzers Refer to FFT and RBW on page 3 173 S A NBW Ind...

Страница 71: ...he following three functional groups H MEASUREMENT Sets frequency amplitude and time parameters for specified measurement and controls data acquisition H DISPLAY The Display group is divided into the...

Страница 72: ...FREQUENCY CHANNEL Sets frequency or channel Setting Frequency and Span page 3 119 SPAN Sets span p g AMPLITUDE Sets amplitude Setting Amplitude page 3 127 TIMING Sets timing parameters Setting Timing...

Страница 73: ...e 3 213 DISPLAY MARKERS PEAK Searches for peak on waveform YBA Move the marker to the next peak SELECT Selects a marker Marker Operation and Peak Search page 3 221 MARKER Sets parameters based on the...

Страница 74: ...played down the right side of the screen see Figure 2 12 Cancel Back is always displayed at the top and the other eight keys select menu items Cancel Back always displayed Returns to the last displaye...

Страница 75: ...ey In this example the Channel Power measurement is performed Move to sub menu If the label is followed by you can move to a lower level menu by pressing the associated side key Move between pages Whe...

Страница 76: ...ase or decrease a setting value respectively Down key Decreases the value General purpose knob Rotate clockwise to increase the value and counterclockwise to decrease the value Up key Increases the va...

Страница 77: ...d Figure 2 16 Changing value with the keypad 2 Press the keys required to enter the desired numeric value For example to enter the frequency 123 45 MHz press 1 2 3 4 5 MHz To delete an entered number...

Страница 78: ...n key Step size Figure 2 18 Step size for the center frequency Step Size for Center Frequency The step size is set with the Step Size side key The center frequency step size can be also set with two s...

Страница 79: ...alysis S A with Spectrogram Spectrum analysis with spectrogram p y S A Mode page 3 1 Real Time S A Real time spectrum analysis page 3 1 Real Time S A with Zoom Real time spectrum analysis with zoom fu...

Страница 80: ...current acquisition The analyzer saves the settings when it is turned off When you turn on the analyzer it starts with the settings as they were when it was shut down PRESET key restores default sett...

Страница 81: ...rols Display Brightness Adjusts the brightness of display Setting range 0 to 100 Reset All to Factory Defaults Sets all parameters for all measurements and modes to the default values Remote Setup Set...

Страница 82: ...of optional software contact your local Tektronix office System version Installed options Figure 2 24 Displaying versions and options The following information is shown on the screen H Version H Main...

Страница 83: ...option You will receive an option key alphanumeric code 2 Press the Option Key side key see Figure 2 24 and enter the option key using the alphanumeric keypad on the front panel NOTE To input hyphen...

Страница 84: ...om the menu The analyzer system program terminates and the Windows XP desktop screen appears Switching from Windows Desktop to the Analyzer View To switch from the Windows desktop screen to the analyz...

Страница 85: ...nctional Overview WCA230A WCA280A User Manual 2 27 When you move the mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen the task bar appears Task bar WCA icon Figure 2 25 Displaying the Windows XP accessory me...

Страница 86: ...Functional Overview 2 28 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 87: ...er This section uses default settings in most examples H Preparations Connecting devices and applying the power H Displaying spectrum H Using markers and peak search H Using averaging and comparison d...

Страница 88: ...Anritsu MG3671A H One 50 coaxial cable 1 Connect the output of the signal generator to the RF INPUT connector on the analyzer front panel using a coaxial cable see Figure 2 26 RF INPUT N type connecto...

Страница 89: ...IPAL POWER SWITCH on the rear panel as shown in Figure 2 27 The orange LED on the front panel lights Principal power switch Figure 2 27 Principal power switch rear panel 3 Turn on the power switch ON...

Страница 90: ...32 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual The initial screen shown in Figure 2 29 appears after Windows XP starts up the background color is in white on this manual to make figures more viewable Figure 2 29 Init...

Страница 91: ...the settings as they were when the analyzer was shut down This tutorial starts with the factory default settings Perform the following steps to restore the factory default settings 1 Press the SYSTEM...

Страница 92: ...g Spectrum This section describes how to set the frequency span and amplitude first and then appropriately display the spectrum Figure 2 30 shows the settings Frequency Center frequency Amplitude Span...

Страница 93: ...hat the general purpose knob is available Numeric value input field Figure 2 31 Menu items for numeric value input You can change the value using the general purpose knob or enter the value using the...

Страница 94: ...e keys the numeric value you enter will be set immediately with the unit Figure 2 32 Numeric value entry keypad The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2 33 The current set...

Страница 95: ...N key on the front panel SPAN key The Span menu item is selected Span Hz XXX Indicates that the general purpose knob is available Numeric value input field 4 Turn the general purpose knob to the left...

Страница 96: ...Tutorial 2 38 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Figure 2 34 Center frequency of 800 MHz span of 100 kHz...

Страница 97: ...el is the maximum value of the vertical axis and it is set to 0 dBm when the analyzer is powered on Observe the change in the waveform as you change this setting in the following procedure 0 dBm 100 d...

Страница 98: ...s in the waveform as you turn the general purpose knob H As you turn the knob to the right the amplitude increases and waveform shifts to a relatively lower position H As you turn the knob to the left...

Страница 99: ...e mode in which one waveform is acquired You can select the mode using the Trig menu TRIG key RUN STOP key By default the analyzer is now acquiring data in the continuous mode 1 Press the RUN STOP key...

Страница 100: ...he Repeat side key and select Single c Press the RUN STOP key to acquire data One waveform is acquired and displayed every time you press the key 3 Press the Repeat side key again and select Continuou...

Страница 101: ...value Markers 1 and 2 are used and that is called delta marker mode To position the markers use the general purpose knob or the numeric input keypad 1 Press the MARKER SETUP key on the front panel MAR...

Страница 102: ...WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Marker X Position Sets the horizontal position of the marker using the general purpose knob or numeric input keypad Marker readout Marker 1 Figure 2 39 Measurement with a...

Страница 103: ...left end on the waveform 3 Make sure that 1 Marker 1 is selected in the Select Marker menu item This means that Marker 1 is the active marker 4 The Marker X Position menu item is selected Using the ge...

Страница 104: ...nce between the two marker positions is indicated in the upper left part of the screen Delta marker measurement value Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 1 Marker 2 Select Marker Selects the active marker Marker...

Страница 105: ...ker at the maximum peak 2 Press the Markers side key to select Delta The fixed marker Z appears at the point that was last set 3 Press the Select Marker side key to select 2 making Marker 2 active 4 P...

Страница 106: ...ween the two marker positions is shown in the upper left part of the screen see Figure 2 41 Peak difference Marker 2 Peak value at the selected marker Marker 1 Figure 2 41 Searching for the peak 7 Pre...

Страница 107: ...waveform There are several averaging methods select RMS Root Mean Square in this example 1 Press the TRACE AVG key TRACE AVG key 2 Press the Trace Type side key to select Average 3 Press the Number o...

Страница 108: ...the free run mode the averaging is done with exponential RMS root mean square This method continues the average with an exponential weighting applied to old values using the number of averages 64 in t...

Страница 109: ...waveform 4 Press the Select Trace side key to select 2 Trace 2 5 Press the Trace 1 Type side key and select Average to define Trace 2 as the averaged waveform 6 Press the RUN STOP key on the front pa...

Страница 110: ...nd frame number respectively and the color axis represents amplitude Display the spectrogram using the following steps 1 Press the MODE S A key S A key 2 Press the Spectrum Analyzer with Spectrogram s...

Страница 111: ...trum and spectrogram side by side a Press the VIEW DEFINE key VIEW DEFINE key Modifies display format b Press the View Orientation side key to select Tall Figure 2 45 Tall display of spectrum and spec...

Страница 112: ...to operate The selected view is surrounded by a white frame b Press the VIEW DEFINE key and then press the Show Views side key to select Single Only the spectrogram is displayed see Figure 2 46 The ne...

Страница 113: ...vs Noise Power Ratio and OBW Occupied Band Width These items enable you to perform measurements using simple key operations Channel power and carrier frequency are measured as examples 1 Press the ME...

Страница 114: ...side key A band power marker indicating measurement range is displayed on the spectrum waveform The measurement result is displayed below the waveform see Figure 2 47 Band power marker Measurement res...

Страница 115: ...he Channel Bandwidth menu item is selected Using the general purpose knob set the measurement range to 40 kHz for example See the display in Figure 2 48 Channel Bandwidth Sets the measurement bandwidt...

Страница 116: ...n 1 Press the MEASURE key on the front panel 2 Press the Carrier Frequency side key The measurement result is displayed at the bottom of the screen see Figure 2 49 Carrier frequency measurement result...

Страница 117: ...A Performs general spectrum analysis All operations in the tutorial up to this point have been performed in this mode H Modulation analysis MODE DEMOD Performs analog and digital modulation analysis H...

Страница 118: ...dicated by the green underline is specified in this view H Main view Displays the measurement result and waveform of the range specified in the overview they may be displayed in separate views In this...

Страница 119: ...ING key Sets analysis range 2 Press the Acquisition History side key to specify the number of the block to be analyzed Leave it at 0 the latest block its default value 3 Press the Analysis Length side...

Страница 120: ...range The main view shows the waveform and measurement result for the analysis range Figure 2 52 Analysis range settings One frame consists of 1024 data points and one block consists of several frame...

Страница 121: ...ps 1 Press the TIMING key on the front panel By default Acquisition Length is set to 12 8 ms and Spectrum Length 6 4 ms The number of frames in a block is 12 8 6 4 2 2 Press the Acquisition Length sid...

Страница 122: ...TOP key to stop acquisition and observe the waveform 2 Press the VIEW SELECT key to select the main view The selected view is surrounded with a white frame VIEW keys 3 Press the DEFINE key and then th...

Страница 123: ...in the display c Press the Vertical Scale side key and change the vertical axis scale Try several settings by turning the knob observe the changes in the display Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Figure...

Страница 124: ...leted the measurements turn off the power 1 Press the ON STANDBY switch at the lower left of the front panel The shutdown process of Windows XP runs and the power source goes to standby state with the...

Страница 125: ...Reference...

Страница 126: ......

Страница 127: ...gram Performs spectrum analysis with spectrogram Refer to page 3 18 for details H Real Time S A Performs real time spectrum analysis with spectrogram Refer to page 3 20 for details H Real Time S A wit...

Страница 128: ...he basic screen layout in the spectrum analysis S A mode The spectrum waveform and measurement results are displayed You can display the spectrum and the spectrogram at the same time Refer to Spectrog...

Страница 129: ...follows NOTE The Grid Style menu item is available only in the S A mode except Real Time S A Off Turns off the graticule Fix Always displays a 10 10 grid Flex Displays the graticule with the horizonta...

Страница 130: ...rement page 3 16 Pressing the Measurement Off side key stops the measurement and returns to the original spectral display 1 Press the S A key and then the Spectrum Analyzer side key 2 Select the measu...

Страница 131: ...e following controls Integration Bandwidth Sets frequency range for power measurement see Figure 3 4 Measurement Filter Shape Selects a filter shape from these types H Rect Rectangular H Gaussian H Ny...

Страница 132: ...Spectrum Analysis S A Mode 3 6 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual An example of the channel power measurement is shown in Figure 3 5 Figure 3 5 Channel power measurement...

Страница 133: ...Bandwidth Sets frequency range of main channel Adjacent Channel Bandwidth Sets frequency range of adjacent channel Chan Spacing Sets a frequency interval between two adjacent channels Measurement Fil...

Страница 134: ...Spectrum Analysis S A Mode 3 8 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Figure 3 7 shows an example of the ACPR measurement Figure 3 7 Example of ACPR measurement...

Страница 135: ...o noise Range Span 2 to Span 2 Noise Bandwidth Sets the noise bandwidth Carrier Bandwidth Sets the carrier bandwidth Measurement Filter Shape Selects a filter shape from these types H Rect Rectangular...

Страница 136: ...Spectrum Analysis S A Mode 3 10 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Figure 3 9 shows an example of the C N measurement Figure 3 9 Example of C N measurement...

Страница 137: ...Setup Menu The Meas Setup menu for the OBW measurement contains the following control Power Ratio Specifies the power ratio of the carrier and span regions for calculating OBW see Figure 3 10 The defa...

Страница 138: ...Spectrum Analysis S A Mode 3 12 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Figure 3 11 shows an example of the OBW measurement Figure 3 11 Example of OBW measurement...

Страница 139: ...ents are displayed together Meas Setup Menu The Meas Setup menu for the Carrier Frequency measurement contains the following control Counter Resolution Sets the counter resolution The measurement resu...

Страница 140: ...sured in EBW Emission Bandwidth Meas Setup Menu The Meas Setup menu for the EBW measurement contains the following control Measurement Level Specifies how far down from the peak level the bandwidth is...

Страница 141: ...Spectrum Analysis S A Mode WCA230A WCA280A User Manual 3 15 Figure 3 14 shows an example of the EBW measurement Figure 3 14 EBW measurement...

Страница 142: ...dard signal peak as the center in which spurious signals are not to be detected for avoiding false recognition of spurious signals see Figure 3 15 Range 0 to Span 2 Hz default 0 Hz Spurious Threshold...

Страница 143: ...surement result Spurious marker Figure 3 16 Example of spurious signal measurement Detected spurious signals are assigned markers numbered in descending order by amplitude The frequency difference del...

Страница 144: ...l concurrently with the spectro gram Follow these steps to display the spectrogram 1 Press the S A key on the front panel 2 Press the S A with Spectrogram side key The spectrum and spectrogram are dis...

Страница 145: ...isplay Display spectrum and spectrogram side by side Figure 3 18 View orientation 3 When you display either spectrum or spectrogram only on full screen press the VIEW SELECT key to select the view The...

Страница 146: ...ames acquired at one time is called block size In the normal spectrum analysis the instrument acquires data for the block size determined from RBW and creates one spectrum waveform In the real time mo...

Страница 147: ...eal time spectrum analysis with spectrogram 1 Press the S A key on the front panel 2 Press the Real Time S A side key The spectrum is displayed concurrently with the spectrogram 3 Display the spectrum...

Страница 148: ...cations Waveform data is acquired and displayed on the basis of blocks For details about the time parameters refer to page 3 141 5 When you have acquired the measurement data stop the data acquisition...

Страница 149: ...ied with Spectrum Offset Frame Length indicates the time length to acquire one frame Figure 3 21 Real time mode 7 To take a spectrum measurement press the MEASURE key on the front panel The measuremen...

Страница 150: ...owing Timing menu see Figure 3 23 The area is the analysis range Acquisition Length Sets the capture time of one block Acquisition History A block number that analyzes displays data is specified The l...

Страница 151: ...Mouse Click on the spectrogram to select it and then go to step 4 2 Press the MARKER SETUP key on the front panel 3 Press the Markers side key and select Single to display the marker 4 Move the marke...

Страница 152: ...new frequency center and then left click to put the marker on it b Select MARKER Center Zoom Marker Freq The zoomed area shifts to the specified frequency Zoomed area Marker Reference cursor Zoomed a...

Страница 153: ...Time Symbol Table Eye Diagram AM AM AM PM CCDF PDF Measure menu Figure 3 25 Demod menu structure There are three items in the Demod menu H Analog Demod Performs analog modulation analysis Refer to pa...

Страница 154: ...ease 5 uplink analysis 3GPP R6 DL Option 40 3GPP Release 6 downlink analysis 3GPP R6 UL Option 40 3GPP Release 6 uplink analysis TD SCDMA Option 28 TD SCDMA analysis GSM EDGE Option 24 GSM EDGE analys...

Страница 155: ...H Main view Displays the measurement results and waveform for the range specified by the green horizontal line in the overview Some measurements show the results and waveform separately on the right a...

Страница 156: ...rames the acquisition length is calculated with this equation One block acquisition length N One frame acquisition length One frame acquisition length is determined by span and indicated on the Spectr...

Страница 157: ...of step 5 on the previous page 1 Press the MARKER SETUP key on the front panel see Figure 3 28 2 Press the Markers side key to select Single The marker V appears on the screen 3 Rotate the general pu...

Страница 158: ...arkers side key to select Single The marker V appears on the screen 4 Rotate the general purpose knob to move the marker to the measurement start point 5 Press the Reference Cursor to Marker X side ke...

Страница 159: ...nd then left click to put the marker on it See Figure 3 30 3 Right click to display the reference cursor 4 Move the mouse pointer to the measurement end point and then left click to put the marker on...

Страница 160: ...Overview Spectrum Offset Spectrum Length Figure 3 31 FFT processing range setting on the overview By default the overview shows the waveform representing the signal level change over time and the subv...

Страница 161: ...view Content side key and select a view The subview content depends on measurement Refer to each measurement description Overview Spectrogram VIEW DEFINE menu Overview Content Selects an overview disp...

Страница 162: ...n the front panel VIEW DEFINE key VIEW SELECT key 2 Select a view to make the single display by pressing the SELECT key in the VIEW area The selected view is surrounded by a white box 3 Press the Show...

Страница 163: ...cy and span as close to the measurement signal band as possible and finely adjust them The modulated signal will not be recognized unless frequency and span are set appropriately For information about...

Страница 164: ...are as follows H ASK signal measurement Measurement item AM Demod Span 500 kHz Acquisition Length 10 24 ms H FSK signal measurement Measurement item FM Demod Span 500 kHz Acquisition Length 10 24 ms...

Страница 165: ...0 modulation Meas Setup Menu The Meas Setup menu for the AM demod measurement contains the following control Carrier Amplitude Detection Selects how to calculate the amplitude of the carrier with no m...

Страница 166: ...q Error side key H Off Sets the carrier frequency using Frequency Offset described below Frequency Offset Sets the carrier frequency when Off is selected in Auto Carrier Enter the carrier offset from...

Страница 167: ...contains the following control Threshold Sets the threshold level above which the input signal is determined to be a burst in time domain The burst detected first is used for the measure ment Range 1...

Страница 168: ...s the I Q voltage versus time graph I and Q are indicated in yellow and green respectively The IQ level measurement has no Meas Setup menu items Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view I...

Страница 169: ...sis Range on page 3 30 Figure 3 38 shows the pulse spectrum measurement The main view shows the pulse spectrum FFT for the analysis range The pulse spectrum measurement has no Meas Setup menu items Ov...

Страница 170: ...MEASURE key when you select Digital Demod in the Demod menu H Constellation page 3 50 H EVM page 3 51 H IQ Frequency versus Time page 3 52 H Power versus Time page 3 53 H Symbol Table page 3 54 H Eye...

Страница 171: ...PSK 21 ksps Root Raised Cosine 0 5 PHS 1 4 QPSK 192 ksps Root Raised Cosine 0 5 TETRA 1 4 QPSK 18 ksps Root Raised Cosine 0 35 GMS GMSK 270 833 ksps None 0 3 CDPD GMSK 19 2 ksps None 0 5 Bluetooth GFS...

Страница 172: ...ymbol For example the number of bits per symbol is 3 for 8PSK Measurement Filter Selects a filter for demodulating a digitally modulated signal H None no filter H Root Raised Cosine Reference Filter S...

Страница 173: ...type refer to page 3 45 is ASK FSK or GFSK Selects the method used to decode data bits from each symbol H NRZ H Manchester H Miller Auto Carrier Selects whether to use automatic carrier detection H On...

Страница 174: ...H Constellation H Symbol table H Eye diagram Display Compare Display H EVM H AM AM H AM PM H CCDF H PDF Figure 3 39 Process flow for digitally modulated signals The input signal goes through the measu...

Страница 175: ...lysis range by pressing the TIMING key on the front panel Refer to page 3 30 for details NOTE When the modulation type refer to page 3 45 is ASK FSK or GFSK the measurement requires at least 16 symbol...

Страница 176: ...to prevent the scale from changing when signal attenuation changes For the Meas Setup menu refer to page 3 45 For setting views refer to page 3 193 Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Measure...

Страница 177: ...fer to page 3 193 Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view Measurement results left EVM right Measurement results from the top G EVM RMS Peak G Magnitude error RMS Peak G Phase error RMS...

Страница 178: ...fidelity measurement results and the waveforms with the red dots indicating the symbol points For the Meas Setup menu refer to page 3 45 For setting views refer to page 3 193 Main view I Q voltage ver...

Страница 179: ...e Figure 3 64 shows an example The main view displays a power versus time graph For the Meas Setup menu refer to page 3 45 For setting views refer to page 3 193 Overview Power versus Time Subview Spec...

Страница 180: ...on processing and displays a symbol table in the main view Figure 3 44 shows an example For the Meas Setup menu refer to page 3 45 For setting views refer to page 3 193 Overview Power versus Time Subv...

Страница 181: ...ain view Figure 3 45 shows an example For the Meas Setup menu refer to page 3 45 For setting views refer to page 3 193 Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view Eye diagram Figure 3 45 Eye...

Страница 182: ...n H dB Default Specifies the Linear Signal Region with a value relative to the maximum power measured in the analysis range H dBm Specifies the Linear Signal Region with an absolute power Linear Signa...

Страница 183: ...Scroll Table Scrolls the coefficient table when it has many rows Overview Power versus Time Subview Constellation AM AM distortion graph Red points Measurement points Yellow lines Measurement lines Bl...

Страница 184: ...e fitting Meas Setup Menu The Meas Setup menu for the AM PM measurement has the same controls as in the AM AM measurement except for the Linear Signal Region Mask Refer to page 3 56 Overview Power ver...

Страница 185: ...AM PM measurement refer to page 3 56 Linear Signal Region Display only You can set it in the AM AM or AM PM measurement refer to page 3 56 Horizontal Division Sets the horizontal interval between dis...

Страница 186: ...Region Unit Display only You can set it in the AM AM or AM PM measurement refer to page 3 56 Linear Signal Region Display only You can set it in the AM AM or AM PM measurement refer to page 3 56 Hori...

Страница 187: ...t 4 Parameters for air interface communications at 2 45 GHz Mode 1 H ISO IEC 18000 6 Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 6 Parameters for air interface commu...

Страница 188: ...cent Channel Leak Power Ratio Power On Down H Transmission Power on down rise fall time H Settling time H Overshoot H Undershoot RF Envelope H On Off width H Duty cycle H On Off ripple H Rise Fall tim...

Страница 189: ...each The time length varies according to span settings 1 Press the DEMOD key on the front panel 2 Select Standard RFID using the side keys 3 Select a measurement item by pressing the side key For exam...

Страница 190: ...ode Power Ratio Unit for OBW or EBW Selects the unit for the OBW or EBW measurement or dB Refer to OBW Measurement page 3 11 and EBW Measurement page 3 14 in the spectrum analysis S A mode Power Ratio...

Страница 191: ...hanged in the next item by pressing the VIEW DEFINE key Show Views Select whether to display a single view or multiple views H Single Only displays the view selected using the VIEW SELECT key H Multi...

Страница 192: ...points When the number of points equivalent to the analysis length TIMING Analysis Length is 256K or less pressing the Default Scale side key sets the horizontal scale so that the whole waveform in th...

Страница 193: ...measurement in the RFID analysis has a video filter function for compatibility with measurement data from conventional swept spectrum analyzers Normally swept spectrum analyzers smooth the detected s...

Страница 194: ...f the ACPR measurement is the same as that of the S A mode except that Scroll Table is added Refer to page 3 7 Scroll Table Selects an adjacent channel 1 to 25 in the upper lower side from the measure...

Страница 195: ...d Type Sets the parameters according to the standard as shown in Table 3 9 Table 3 9 Standard settings Standard type Link Modulation type Decoding format Bit rate Tari 1 18000 4 1 Interrogator to Tag...

Страница 196: ...e sideband PR Phase reversal OOK On Off key PIE Pulse interval encoding PWM Pulse Width Modulation 1 Default values are shown It can be set from 1 bps to 51 2 Mbps bit rate or from 1 ns to 1 s Tari NO...

Страница 197: ...is the parameter for the PIE Type A and C decoding formats H On Detects the bit rate or Tari automatically based on the Bit Rate or Tari set value H Off Default Sets the bit rate or Tari using the Bi...

Страница 198: ...ation Points setting value 1 The actual sample rate and effective sample rate are displayed in the main view of the power on down and RF envelope measurements see Figure 3 57 on page 3 74 and Figure 3...

Страница 199: ...20 of the true value approximately depending on waveform to perform the analysis properly in the power on down RF envelope constellation eye diagram and symbol table measurements NOTE If the bit rate...

Страница 200: ...or Tari is displayed in the Bit Rate side key In the constellation eye diagram and symbol table measurements the calculated bit rate or Tari is also displayed in the main view see Figure 3 60 on page...

Страница 201: ...sing falling edge of each pulse Refer to page 3 72 Figure 3 56 Guidelines Selects whether to display the guideline red along with the waveform in the main view H On Default Displays the guideline H Of...

Страница 202: ...On Off time G Period G Duty cycle G Ripple G Rise Fall time Each envelope contains three slopes G Sample rate G Effective sample rate Refer to Interpolation Points on page 3 72 Figure 3 58 RF envelop...

Страница 203: ...od Burst number selected by VIEW DEFINE Burst 0 1 2 3 4 The envelope selected by VIEW DEFINE Envelope is displayed in the main view Overview Off width On time Off time Envelope 0 Envelope 1 Envelope 2...

Страница 204: ...Refer to page 3 24 for the zoom function Refer to page 3 66 for setting the view scale Burst Selects the burst number to be measured Refer to page 3 77 Figure 3 59 The setting range is limited as foll...

Страница 205: ...he results for waveform data with the default unit of W Selecting the unit does not affect the table contents Measures modulation attributes on the Interrogator to Tag or Tag to Interrogator signaling...

Страница 206: ...F envelope measurement except for the Scroll Table side key Refer to page 3 78 The measurement result display items depend on the modulation type and decoding format as shown in Table 3 12 Table 3 12...

Страница 207: ...ode WCA230A WCA280A User Manual 3 81 Figure 3 61 shows the definition of the modulation depth and index Voltage Time Modulation depth A B A Modulation index A B A B A B 0 Figure 3 61 Definition of the...

Страница 208: ...Modulation Analysis Demod Mode 3 82 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 209: ...are three items in the Time menu H Transient Performs time variation measurement Refer to page 3 84 for details H CCDF Performs CCDF measurement Refer to page 3 88 for details H Pulse Measurements Pe...

Страница 210: ...asurement signal band as possible and finely adjust them The modulated signal will not be recognized unless frequency and span are set appropriately For details on setting frequency span and amplitude...

Страница 211: ...n example The main view displays I Q voltage versus time I and Q are indicated in yellow and green respectively Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view I Q voltage vs Time I and Q wavefo...

Страница 212: ...Observes signal power change over time Figure 3 64 shows an example The main view displays power level versus time Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view Power versus Time Figure 3 64...

Страница 213: ...hange over time Figure 3 65 shows an example The main view displays the frequency deviation from the center frequency versus time Overview Power versus Time Subview Spectrum Main view Frequency deviat...

Страница 214: ...ignals such as OFDM signals This function is useful in designing amplifiers for CDMA W CDMA and OFDM The CCDF analysis obtains the distribution of the amplitude of observed signals and makes a graph o...

Страница 215: ...Setting Amplitude on page 3 127 a Press the FREQUENCY CHANNEL key on the front panel to set the frequency b Press the SPAN key on the front panel to set the span c Press the AMPLITUDE key on the front...

Страница 216: ...DF calculation again from the beginning The calculation is performed accumulatively until this side key is pressed CCDF Auto Scaling Selects whether to fix the scale of the horizontal axis amplitude o...

Страница 217: ...ent Reference line red Gaussian line blue Total number of power samples used to calculate the CCDF curve CCDF curve green Measurement results G Peak amplitude G Average amplitude G Crest factor CCDF v...

Страница 218: ...verview the subview and the main view Overview Content Selects the content of the overview H Spectrogram H Waveform power versus time Refer to page 3 193 for information about setting the view scale a...

Страница 219: ...uring the pulse on H Repetition Interval Measures the time from a pulse rising edge to the next pulse rising edge H Duty Cycle Measures the ratio of the pulse width to the repetition interval H Pulse...

Страница 220: ...cs The pulse on and off times are fundamental parameters for pulse measurements These parameters are defined in Figure 3 70 The threshold is a level to detect a pulse relative to the maximum peak in t...

Страница 221: ...anel to set the frequency b Press the SPAN key on the front panel to set the span c Press the AMPLITUDE key on the front panel to set the amplitude For information about setting frequency span and amp...

Страница 222: ...e results H The results are not displayed in the Pulse Repetition Interval or the Duty Cycle measurement The observed pulse and the next one must be contiguous If either pulse is not recognized due to...

Страница 223: ...Displays only the view selected by the VIEW SELECT key on the front panel H Multi Default Displays the overview subview and main view Overview Content Selects a view displayed in the overview H Wavef...

Страница 224: ...pulses with the horizontal axis representing the pulse number Figure 3 71 Setting for View Results For Displayed Measurement Determines whether to show the measurement result in the main view for eac...

Страница 225: ...ew area on screen To recall the side menu press the key on the front panel When View Results For is A Single Pulse G Select a pulse with Select Pulse G Select a measurement item with Select Measuremen...

Страница 226: ...BW Meas Level For the EBW measurement only Specifies how far down from the peak level the bandwidth is measured Range 100 to 1 dB default 30 dB Counter Resolution For the Frequency Deviation measureme...

Страница 227: ...ection value using the Frequency Offset side key described below H Off Default Disables the frequency correction Frequency Offset Sets the frequency correction value when you select User in Frequency...

Страница 228: ...width Peak power On Off ratio Pulse ripple Repetition interval Duty cycle Pulse pulse phase Channel power OBW EBW Frequency deviation The green arrow indicates the pulse detection threshold MEAS SETUP...

Страница 229: ...signal source analysis Select the items using the MEASURE key Table 3 13 Signal source measurement items Measure menu Measurement items Phase Noise H Carrier frequency H Channel power H Phase noise Re...

Страница 230: ...ise and the Spurious measurements Refer to page 3 30 for details of the analysis range settings If you use the zoom function do these steps H Press the VIEW DEFINE key H Press the Overview Content sid...

Страница 231: ...the phase noise measurement range as the offset from carrier frequency Setting value 10 Hz default 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz or 10 MHz Maximum Offset Frequency Sets the minimum frequency in t...

Страница 232: ...measurement results see Figure 3 75 Setting range 1 to 50 dB default 10 dB Carrier Bandwidth Minimum Offset Frequency Power Frequency Maximum Offset Frequency C N Sideband Upper C N Sideband Lower Mi...

Страница 233: ...ter G Maximum periodic jitter Current trace green Averaged trace by the Median filter yellow Figure 3 75 Phase noise measurement Selecting Trace 2 In the C N versus Offset frequency graph Trace 1 yell...

Страница 234: ...formed Table 3 14 Phase noise measurement frequency band Measurement band Frequency range Note Baseband 0 Hz to 20 MHz Set a value of center frequency span 2 within the frequency range RF1 15 MHz to 3...

Страница 235: ...The next items are identical to those in the spurious measure ment in the S A mode Refer to pages 3 16 Carrier Threshold Level Signal Threshold in the S A mode Ignore Region Spurious Threshold Excursi...

Страница 236: ...form A maximum of 20 spurious signals are displayed In addition frequency difference deltaF and amplitude ratio Ratio in relation to the carrier are displayed in the measurement table at the bottom of...

Страница 237: ...05 Carrier Threshold Level Carrier Bandwidth C N Sideband Rj Start Offset Frequency Rj Stop Offset Frequency Max Pj Threshold The following items are added for the real time measurement see Figure 3 7...

Страница 238: ...side bands to obtain a C N versus offset frequency graph You can change the number of FFT sample points in RBW FFT FFT Points for C N FFT Points for C N Sets the number of FFT sample points for the C...

Страница 239: ...nt subview has displays that are specific to the signal source analysis The subview is selected by pressing VIEW DEFINE Subview Content Subview Content Selects the information that is displayed in the...

Страница 240: ...er measurement range set by Rj Start Stop Offset Fre quency in the Meas Setup menu is within the display range of the C N versus Offset frequency in the main view H Subview C N vs Time Make sure that...

Страница 241: ...cal to those in the spurious measurement Refer to page 3 109 Carrier Threshold Level Ignore Region Spurious Threshold Excursion Symmetrical Filter Carrier Tracking Scroll Table The following items are...

Страница 242: ...s in C N versus Offset frequency and Noisogram when the carrier channel power exceeds Carrier Threshold Level Selecting the Subview Content The real time spurious measurement subview includes displays...

Страница 243: ...requency are required at both the start and end of the analysis range to calculate the average frequency Meas Setup Menu The following items are provided in the Meas Setup menu for the frequency versu...

Страница 244: ...n example of the frequency versus time measurement The subview displays only spectrum The frequency settling time is indicated on the bottom of the screen The value from trigger is also indicated when...

Страница 245: ...nd Span This section describes frequency and span which are fundamental settings for observing the spectrum These items are set using the general purpose knob and the numeric input keypad You can also...

Страница 246: ...maximum value right edge of the horizontal axis Numeric entry field Range 0 Hz to 3 GHz WCA230A 0 Hz to 8 GHz WCA280A NOTE Start Freq and Stop Freq are available when the measurement mode Mode is set...

Страница 247: ...etting frequency Controls span Span and frequency settings are shown in Figure 3 83 Span Sets span The available range depends on the measurement frequency band and mode as shown in Table 3 17 on page...

Страница 248: ...D 2 FL CDMA2000 GSM BAND 2 RL CDMA2000 IMT2000 FL CDMA2000 IMT2000 RL CDMA2000 JTACS BAND FL CDMA2000 JTACS BAND RL CDMA2000 KOREA PCS FL CDMA2000 KOREA PCS RL CDMA2000 N A 700MHz Cellular FL CDMA2000...

Страница 249: ...se the arrow keys A Y B to move the marker to another peak 3 Press the MARKER key and then the Center Freq Marker Freq side key The center frequency is set to the frequency at the marker position Cent...

Страница 250: ...o 3 GHz 1 1 2 1 5 2 2 5 3 4 5 6 8 sequence RF3 WCA280A 5 to 8 GHz Real Time S A Baseband DC to 20 MHz 100 Hz to 20 MHz 1 2 5 sequence Demod Time RF WCA230A 15 MHz to 3 GHz RF1 WCA280A 15 MHz to 3 5 GH...

Страница 251: ...maximum allowable span setting Center frequency Maximum allowable span setting for the analyzer Set span A part of the trace is not displayed in these two settings Center frequency Set span Set span...

Страница 252: ...rames For example when the span is 30 MHz one logical frame is composed from two 30 MHz 15 MHz scans When the span is below 15 MHz in the baseband and RF band one physical frame corresponds to one log...

Страница 253: ...tt RF Atten Mixer Rf Att Mixer Level RF Atten Mixer Mixer Vertical Scale Vertical Units Corrections Amplitude Offset Frequency Offset Amplitude Table Edit Table Interpolation Load Table Save Table Sel...

Страница 254: ...m 10 dB step Auto Level Automatically adjusts reference level for the best system perfor mance based on power measurement within the set span NOTE An input signal within 10 MHz of the center frequency...

Страница 255: ...t Changes the RF attenuation level when RF Att is selected in RF Atten Mixer above Table 3 19 RF attenuation level setting Frequency band Attenuation level dBm RF WCA230A RF1 WCA280A 0 to 50 2 dB step...

Страница 256: ...etails of amplitude correction To set amplitude follow these steps 1 Press the AMPLITUDE key on the front panel 2 Set the reference level using the Ref Level side key 3 To best display the waveform au...

Страница 257: ...instrument is overloaded In this case data display is distorted and the measurement is not accurate If a signal larger than the reference level set value by 20 dB or more is applied continuously howev...

Страница 258: ...mplitude offset control is available Refer to page 3 139 for setting the offset Figure 3 90 shows the concept of amplitude correction In this example a signal with 80 dBm is sent to a preamplifier wit...

Страница 259: ...de correction value H Select Point To Edit Selects a row to be edited H Frequency Enters the frequency of a correction point H Amplitude Enters an amplitude correction value for the specified frequenc...

Страница 260: ...at Frequency 1 Amplitude correction value 1 Frequency 2 Amplitude correction value 2 Frequency 3 Amplitude correction value 3 Example The following amplitude correction file has correction data for th...

Страница 261: ...H Create the file as a text file and save it with the extension cor H The maximum number of input lines is 3000 H The order of correction data input is unimportant because the file is sorted when it...

Страница 262: ...239 for file handling a Press the Load Table side key to load the file b Press the Edit Table side key 4 To enter new data See Figure 3 92 a Press the Frequency side key and enter the frequency of a c...

Страница 263: ...frequency of the point Amplitude Inputs correction value Done Editing Table Registers the input values and adds a line Clear Table Deletes all data in the table Figure 3 92 Amplitude correction data...

Страница 264: ...ata input save the file as follows a Press the AMPLITUDE key on the front panel b Press the Corrections side key c Press the Save Table side key to specify the save file Refer to page 3 239 for file h...

Страница 265: ...ns Amplitude Table On even if the table is not set H In the other modes Real Time S A Demod and Time The amplitude offset is always effective The default value is zero If you set the offset to a non z...

Страница 266: ...q Interpolation side key to select the scale for frequency interpolation Lin linear or Log logarithmic b Press the Ampl Interpolation side key to select the scale for amplitude interpolation Lin linea...

Страница 267: ...S A mode except Real Time S A Timing Menu Figure 3 96 shows the Timing menu structure Acquisition Length Spectrum Offset Acquisition Length Acquisition History Spectrum Length Spectrum Offset Analysis...

Страница 268: ...us acquisitions You can view previous acquisitions by selecting the acquisition history by block number Spectrum Length Displays the time length for FFT processing of the spectrum displayed in the sub...

Страница 269: ...ew display FFT start point Main view display Spectrum Offset Spectrum Length Demod and Time modes only Figure 3 97 Timing parameters The Timing menu in the Real Time S A real time spectrum analysis mo...

Страница 270: ...Time modes Analysis Length Same as in the Demod and Time modes Analysis Offset Same as in the Demod and Time modes Frequency Center Sets the frequency of the center of analysis area Frequency Width S...

Страница 271: ...gaps appear between frames The shorter the frame cycle the more precisely you can observe the spectrum waveform variation in time You can acquire frames without gaps when the span setting is below 15...

Страница 272: ...Setting Timing Parameters 3 146 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 273: ...trigger level H Slope Selects the rising or falling edge of a trigger signal H Position Specifies a trigger position You must create a trigger mask when triggering in the frequency domain with Option...

Страница 274: ...peat Stop and Show Results Mode Triggered Source Save on Trigger Save Count Save Count Limit Continuous Single Free Run Triggered Continuous Single Power Freq Mask External Option 02 only On Off On Of...

Страница 275: ...Repeatedly acquires and displays the waveform Acquisition data will be overwritten while waiting for a new trigger event Use the Single setting if you will need to examine or reanalyze the measurement...

Страница 276: ...ce Selects a trigger source when the trigger mode is Triggered H Power Span BW Default Uses time domain I Q data of the input signal as the trigger source You can set the trigger level slope and posit...

Страница 277: ...ge 3 190 For example 801 bins are displayed when the span is 10 MHz The Power trigger always observes one whole frame 1024 points to determine trigger generation Note that as shown in Figure 3 103 any...

Страница 278: ...block acquisition When using a trigger mask Option 02 only When the trigger source is set to Freq Mask for using a trigger mask the following selection items are available H In The trigger occurs when...

Страница 279: ...acquisition Display Time Trigger Free Run Single Press the RUN STOP key Triggered Continuous Time Data acquisition Display Display Triggered Single Data acquisition Press the RUN STOP key Press the R...

Страница 280: ...ontrol the Save on Trigger function Save On Trigger Enables and disables the Save on Trigger function H On Enables the Save on Trigger function H Off Default Disables the Save on Trigger function Save...

Страница 281: ...de Triggered Source Save on Trigger Save Count Save Count Limit Continuous Single Free Run Triggered Continuous Single Level Power Freq Mask External Option 02 only On Off On Off Source Power Level Sl...

Страница 282: ...Repeatedly acquires and displays the waveform Acquisition data will be overwritten while waiting for a new trigger event Use the Single setting if you will need to examine or reanalyze the measurement...

Страница 283: ...lyzer as the trigger source The Trigger Level and Position can be set Refer to page 3 162 for information about the IF trigger H Power Span BW Option 02 only Uses time domain I Q data of the input sig...

Страница 284: ...quire the first block and at the rising edge to acquire the next block The rising and falling edges alternate at each block acquisition Trigger level Rise Trigger occurs Fall Figure 3 107 Trigger leve...

Страница 285: ...tion of the trigger in a block as a percentage of all the frames in the block For example if you set the trigger position to 50 the trigger occurs at the center of the block as shown in Figure 3 108 R...

Страница 286: ...acquisition Display Time Trigger Free Run Single Press the RUN STOP key Triggered Continuous Time Data acquisition Display Display Triggered Single Data acquisition Press the RUN STOP key Press the R...

Страница 287: ...ontrol the Save on Trigger function Save On Trigger Enables and disables the Save on Trigger function H On Enables the Save on Trigger function H Off Default Disables the Save on Trigger function Save...

Страница 288: ...to the set value of reference level For example if the reference level is set to 3 dBm 3 dBm becomes the full scale of the A D converter If the trigger level is set to 100 a trigger will occur when a...

Страница 289: ...u can see that the voltage at the largest peak is more than twice the voltage of the original signals On the frequency axis of Figure C only signals of size 1 are generated at 1 Hz 3 Hz and 5 Hz The I...

Страница 290: ...Hz the bandwidth of approximately 15 MHz is the detection target of IF trigger Note that as shown in Figure 3 112 any signal exceeding the trigger level outside the range of 1 MHz of span activates th...

Страница 291: ...Time S A the modulation analysis Demod and the time analysis Time Trigger masks are limited to 60 dBfs The trigger mask shown in Figure 3 113 is an area created on the graticule of the spectrum view...

Страница 292: ...ive marker position Insert New Point Inserts the new point halfway between the active marker and the next marker on the right side Set All Points to Maximum Fills the area below the maximum line the r...

Страница 293: ...ents listed in Conditions for Creating a Mask above are satisfied 2 Stop data acquisition using the RUN STOP key 3 The trigger mask is created in the spectrum view To display only the spectrum view on...

Страница 294: ...the following steps use the general purpose knob or the numeric input keypad to move the points 7 Change the position of Point A a Press the Select Next Point side key until Point A is selected b Pres...

Страница 295: ...f Point B 9 Add Point C a Press the Insert New Point side key with Point B active The new point appears halfway between Point B and the next point in the right side b Press the Set Selected Point X si...

Страница 296: ...the front panel b Set Slope and Position appropriately 12 Start data acquisition using the RUN STOP key The analyzer stops data acquisition when the trigger event occurs The trigger mask is stored in...

Страница 297: ...modulation analysis and the Time time analysis modes O indicating the trigger output time can be also displayed in the Timing field on the overview The default status for O is off Follow these steps...

Страница 298: ...signal analysis One analyzer is used as a master to acquire an uplink or forward link signal and the other is used as a slave to acquire a downlink or reverse link signal The master trigger output is...

Страница 299: ...ris 4B type However for the pulse measurements in the Time mode you can select Nyquist or Blackman Harris 4B refer to RBW FFT Menu on page 3 97 The Demod and Time modes have no RBW process The adjust...

Страница 300: ...lowing controls in the Spectrum Analyzer and the S A with Spctrogram modes RBW FFT Selects whether to set RBW and FFT parameters automatically or manually H Auto Sets RBW automatically with the span s...

Страница 301: ...Res Off as its default condition When RBW FFT is set to FFT FFT Points Selects FFT sample point numbers per frame when RBW FFT is set to FFT Range 64 to 65536 in increments of 2n Higher numbers provid...

Страница 302: ...e start point of the 1024 point FFT frame by the number of samples from the previous frame see Figure 3 125 Range 1 to 1024 samples in increments of 2n FFT Overlap Displays the amount of overlap betwe...

Страница 303: ...purious signal comes from the input signal or the instrument The number of FFT points is normally limited to 8192 internally to avoid displaying internally generated spurious signals However you can r...

Страница 304: ...itude of the frequency components In FFT windows the frequency resolution is inversely proportional to the amplitude accuracy Select a proper window according to the measurement items and characterist...

Страница 305: ...e Frequency Time domain data FFT window Time Time domain data resulting after windowing process Frequency domain data FFT Figure 3 127 Windowing process of time domain data Generally window frequency...

Страница 306: ...y resolution is improved by reducing the width of the main lobe window H Accuracy of the amplitude levels of frequency components is improved by reducing side lobe level relative to the main lobe The...

Страница 307: ...h Bandpass filter Blackman 100 0 dB 20 40 60 80 1 642 58 dB 1 726757 Hamming 0 dB 20 40 60 80 1 302 43 dB 1 362826 Hanning 0 dB 20 40 60 80 100 1 438 32 dB 1 5 Parzen 0 dB 20 40 60 80 100 1 27 27 dB 1...

Страница 308: ...nt Window Equivalent noise bandwidth Maximum side lobe 3 dB bandwidth Bandpass filter Sine Cubed 0 dB 20 40 60 80 100 1 654 39 dB 1 734891 Sine to the 4th 0 dB 20 40 60 80 100 120 1 85 47 dB 1 944444...

Страница 309: ...n You can save waveform data in files and load them as Trace 1 or 2 NOTE Trace comparison display and average function are available in the spectrum analysis S A mode except Real Time S A Trace 1 yell...

Страница 310: ...race n Save Trace n 1 2 On Freeze Off Normal Average MaxHold MinHold Max Min Max Min Load From File menu Refer to Saving a File on page 3 242 Save To File menu Refer to Loading a File on page 3 246 Av...

Страница 311: ...s the weighting factor Triggered and Single mode RMS Averages traces accumulating up to Number of Averages then stops the acquisition until the next trigger event occurs Reset Average Causes trace acc...

Страница 312: ...rol Specifies the action when more than Average Count measurement results are generated H Expo Continues the average with an exponential weighting applied to old values H Repeat Clears average data an...

Страница 313: ...s RMS Root mean square Used when acquiring data in single mode N frames average then the acquisition stops X p n x p n for n 1 for 2 n N X p n x p N for n N X p n n 1 X p n 1 x p n n Exponential RMS E...

Страница 314: ...select 1 5 Press the Trace 1 Type side key and select Average for example 6 Press the Number of Averages side key and set 64 for example 7 Press the RUN STOP key to acquire data 8 Press the Reset Aver...

Страница 315: ...e key and select Normal 4 Display Trace 2 as the averaged waveform a Press the Select Trace side key to select 2 b Press the Trace 2 Type side key and select Average Max Hold or Min Hold The waveform...

Страница 316: ...e The trace is automatically frozen For information about file operations refer to page 3 239 and subsequent pages Trace Compression Although waveform data are acquired as 1024 points per frame the ac...

Страница 317: ...screen corresponds to each pixel Compress Bin Invalid data Frame Valid data Invalid data Figure 3 132 Relationships between frame bin and pixel There are three types of compression methods Max Min and...

Страница 318: ...l Pixel data on screen Acquired data points Min Acquires the minimum value of data points corresponding to each pixel Pixel data on screen Acquired data points Pixel data on screen Acquired data point...

Страница 319: ...the following view types H Spectrum view H Spectrogram view H Time domain view H CCDF view H Constellation view H EVM view H Symbol table H Eye diagram H AM AM view H AM PM view H PDF view H Noisogra...

Страница 320: ...es each time you press this key The selected view is surrounded with a white box Selects a view style format and content The menu items depend on the measurement Refer to each measurement description...

Страница 321: ...ultiple views on the screen follow these steps 1 Select a view by pressing the VIEW SELECT key The selected view is surrounded by a white frame 2 If necessary change a multiple view display to a singl...

Страница 322: ...alue and the scale of the vertical axis automatically to fit the waveform to the screen Horizontal Scale Sets the range of the horizontal axis Horizontal Start Sets the minimum value left edge of the...

Страница 323: ...cal axis Range 87 to 89088 frames Vertical Start Sets the start frame number for the vertical axis Color Scale Sets the scale value subtracting the minimum power value from the maximum power value of...

Страница 324: ...Setting Views 3 198 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Vertical Size Vertical Start Color Scale Color Stop Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3 136 Scale and format settings in spectrogram view...

Страница 325: ...rols see Figure 3 137 Auto Scale Sets the start value and the scale of the vertical axis automatically to fit the waveform to the screen Horizontal Scale Sets the range of the horizontal axis Horizont...

Страница 326: ...t Vertical axis AM modulation factor FM frequency deviation PM phase deviation or IQ level AM modulation factor shown Vertical axis Power Random jitter Integrated phase noise or C N Power shown Horizo...

Страница 327: ...axis automatical ly to fit the waveform to the screen Horizontal Scale Sets the range of the horizontal axis Horizontal Start Sets the minimum value left edge of the horizontal axis Vertical Stop Set...

Страница 328: ...Measurement Content Selects vector or constellation display see Figure 3 139 H Vector Selects the vector display Signals represented by phase and amplitude such as digitally modulated signals are show...

Страница 329: ...Start Sets the minimum value left edge of the horizontal axis Vertical Scale Sets the range of the vertical axis Vertical Start Available when the vertical axis represents EVM Sets the minimum value...

Страница 330: ...Vector Magnitude in time series H Mag Error Displays changes of magnitude error in time series H Phase Error Displays changes of phase error in time series EVM display Magnitude error display Phase er...

Страница 331: ...the F position you can evaluate vector signal quality as magnitudes of error in radius direction amplitude error in phase direction and total error vector These three types of errors correspond to th...

Страница 332: ...modulations because absolute coordinates have no meaning Decoding Start Position Selects the decoding start position for the ASK FSK and GFSK signals with the decoding format of Manchester or Miller H...

Страница 333: ...re 3 144 H I Displays I signal level on the vertical axis default H Q Displays Q signal level on the vertical axis H Trellis Indicates phase on the vertical axis Eye Length Sets the number of symbols...

Страница 334: ...ctor Displays yellow lines between the dots default H Dot Displays the calculated result as a series of red dots By default the measurement results are displayed with the horizontal and vertical axes...

Страница 335: ...between the dots default H Dot Displays the calculated result as a series of red dots By default the measurement results are displayed with the horizontal and vertical axes scaled automatically to fit...

Страница 336: ...screen Horizontal Scale Sets the range of the horizontal axis Horizontal Start Sets the minimum value left edge of the horizontal axis NOTE By default the horizontal axis is displayed in the range of...

Страница 337: ...Horizontal Start Sets the minimum value left edge of the horizontal axis Range The minimum offset frequency of the analyzed data to Horizontal Stop 2 Vertical Size Sets the range of the vertical axis...

Страница 338: ...Setting Views 3 212 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual Vertical Size Vertical Start Color Scale Color Stop Horizontal Start Horizontal Stop Figure 3 148 Setting the scale in noisogram view...

Страница 339: ...f lines horizontal line and vertical line as shown in Figure 3 149 In the S A mode other than Real Time S A you can display one or two of each line You can display the horizontal and vertical lines co...

Страница 340: ...3 150 Lines menu structure other than Real Time S A The Lines menu in the S A mode other than the Real Time S A has the following controls Show Line Selects the display line to be controlled H Horizon...

Страница 341: ...t 1 Press the Line 1 side key and move the line H To display two horizontal lines Press the Number Of Line side key to select 2 Press the Line 1 side key and move line 1 Line 2 moves in parallel Press...

Страница 342: ...de key to select 1 Press the Line 1 side key and move the line H To display two vertical lines Press the Number Of Line side key to select 2 Press the Line 1 side key and move line 1 Line 2 moves in p...

Страница 343: ...he amplitude and frequency lines The spectrogram uses the time and frequency lines The display lines are placed at regular intervals from the reference line Frequency display lines blue Frequency refe...

Страница 344: ...e view see Figure 3 153 Spectrum view Amplitude Line Amplitude Line Offset Amplitude Line Interval Frequency Line Frequency Line Offset Frequency Line Interval View Lines Readout Off On Spectrogram vi...

Страница 345: ...frequency the reference line is at center screen Frequency Line Interval Sets the interval of the frequency display lines Range 0 to full span the default is 0 Hz View Lines Readout Determines whethe...

Страница 346: ...Display Line 3 220 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 347: ...refer to Spectrum Analysis S A mode on page 3 1 One or two markers active and fixed and or a reference cursor can be displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 3 155 Active marker Reference cursor Fi...

Страница 348: ...ce Cursor Off Selected Marker Off Step Size Marker X All Markers Off Assign Marker X to Trace Center Freq Marker Freq 1 2 Off Single Delta 1 2 S A mode only Peak Search Freq Threshold Demod and Time T...

Страница 349: ...e modes only Sets the origin of an analysis range with the marker in the overview For the detail refer to Setting the Analysis Range on page 3 30 Positions the marker to the highest peak signal Moves...

Страница 350: ...ker X to Trace When two traces are being displayed moves the selected marker to another trace with the same horizontal position Available only if two traces are being displayed Peak Search Freq Thresh...

Страница 351: ...2 Press the Makers side key to select Single Only Marker 1 is enabled Note that the Marker X Position menu item is already selected 3 Rotate the general purpose knob or enter the value using the nume...

Страница 352: ...keypad to move the active marker to the reference point 4 Change the active marker by pressing the Select Marker side key to select 2 5 Rotate the general purpose knob or enter the value using the key...

Страница 353: ...e cursor at the marker position Demod and Time modes only On the overview you can also place the reference cursor at a trigger output position with the Reference Cursor to Trigger side key 5 Press the...

Страница 354: ...trum analysis mode two traces are shown when Trace 2 is turned on using the TRACE AVG menu In DEMOD modulation analysis mode and TIME time analysis mode two traces are shown in IQ vs Time view I level...

Страница 355: ...hows a concurrent display of the spectrum and the spectrogram If you move the marker to the left on the spectrum the marker on the spectrogram moves to the left in accordance with that movement Conver...

Страница 356: ...gnal A Moves the marker lower in frequency to the next signal Moves the marker higher in frequency to the next signal Y Moves the marker higher in amplitude to the next signal B Moves the marker lower...

Страница 357: ...is set to 1 kHz the next peak is recognized only if it is 1 kHz or more distant from the first peak see Figure 3 163 Example Peak Search Freq Threshold 1 kHz Not recognized as a peak 1 kHz The marker...

Страница 358: ...Marker Operation and Peak Search 3 232 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 359: ...elp The help system provides information about operating this analyzer providing the following help resources online H Front panel key descriptions H Online user manual H Online programmer manual Disp...

Страница 360: ...e press the MEASURE key to show information about that key see Figure 3 164 Press the front panel key to show the description of that key Figure 3 164 Online help for the front panel key H If you sele...

Страница 361: ...e next topic up Scrolls the display up MARKERS B Selects the next topic down Scrolls the display down MARKERS A Moves to the next level up Scrolls the display to the left MARKERS Moves to the next lev...

Страница 362: ...ick the topic in the contents window to show the description Using a keyboard select a topic or enter a search word see Figure 3 166 Use the arrow keys to move the cursor and the enter key to accept t...

Страница 363: ...al from the I INPUT and Q INPUT connectors on the rear panel See Figure 2 2 on page 2 4 for the rear panel connectors NOTE IQ INPUT Option 03 only The IQ input gain of the analyzer is set in 10 dB ste...

Страница 364: ...ce frequency H Int Uses the internal clock 10 MHz simulated sine wave H Ext Uses the 10 MHz sine wave of 10 to 6 dBm from the REF IN connector on the rear panel when you want to synchronize the analyz...

Страница 365: ...the analyzer any time by loading the settings from this file H IQT Data file A file used to save time domain waveform data acquired on the data memory in the Demod Modulation Analysis and the Time Tim...

Страница 366: ...Block Current Area Load From File Menu Select File Load File Now Folder Load from XXXA Load from XXXB Load from XXXC Save To File Menu Filename Save File Now Folder Save to XXXA Save to XXXB Save to...

Страница 367: ...orm data or instrument settings to a file Save State Saves the instrument settings Save Data Real Time S A only Saves waveform IQ data in the time domain Save Data Demod and Time modes only Saves wave...

Страница 368: ...ess the SAVE key on the front panel 2 Press one of the following side keys depending on the type of data to save Table 3 31 File save operation Meas mode Side key Save content Ext S A t R l Ti Save St...

Страница 369: ...set file lower right of the screen There are three preset names for each file type as shown in Table 3 32 Table 3 32 Preset file names File type Save file name State sta StateA StateB StateC Data iqt...

Страница 370: ...der H Close Folder closes the selected folder H Done accepts the selected file Open Folder Opens the selected folder Select Folder Selects a folder using the knob Open Folder Closes the selected folde...

Страница 371: ...the letter R and then press the ENTER key H Press the ABC number 8 key once to select the letter A and then press the ENTER key H Press the ABC number 8 key three times to select the letter C and then...

Страница 372: ...e 1 waveform trc Load Trace 2 Trace 2 waveform trc Load Correction Amplitude correction data cor Real Time S A D d Ti Load State Instrument settings sta Demod or Time Load Data Acquired data in time d...

Страница 373: ...e file press the Load File Now side key See Figure 3 173 The data is loaded from the specified file Select File Selects a file using the knob Load File Now Loads the data from the specified file Folde...

Страница 374: ...d above each key For example the 8 key inputs A B and C as well as 8 Each time you press the key the selected character moves through the list A B C 8 H CAPS LOCK key toggles a character between upper...

Страница 375: ...ame SA 4 Press the MNO key on the keypad once to enter M Filename SAM 5 Enter the remaining characters in the same way Filename SAMPLE1 If you make a mistake you can correct it any time before pressin...

Страница 376: ...using Windows on the analyzer Refer to Windows documentation for additional information about operating Windows Making Deleting a Directory You can make or delete a directory using Windows but not us...

Страница 377: ...file structure The file is normally created after data acquisition is complete When logging data is acquired continuously a data block is added each time the data is acquired In data logging since the...

Страница 378: ...the order of the other items is not fixed and some new items may be added 40416Type WCA380IQT NOTE not WCA280AIQT but WCA380IQT FrameReverse Off FramePadding Before Band RF3 MemoryMode Zoom FFTPoints...

Страница 379: ...test acquired frame FramePadding The analyzer adds dummy frames when acquired frames do not fill BlockSize block size Figure 3 176 shows the dummy frames The FramePadding parameter is always set to Be...

Страница 380: ...of frames in the data block This value divided by MultiFrames represents the number of frames that are scanned and synthe sized into one frame FramePeriod Shows the frame period setting in seconds The...

Страница 381: ...s indicated by ValidFrames in the file header The frame order is determined by FrameReverse in the file header Frame header Frame data Frame header Frame data Frame header Frame data Frame header Fram...

Страница 382: ...hort reserved2 Internal use only short triggered Indicates whether the frame is before or after the trigger H 0 Indicates that the frame is before the trigger pre trigger H 1 Indicates that the frame...

Страница 383: ...to 2 byte signed integers and then written in the file Amplitude The amplitude is calculated using i and q in the IQT file using these formulas i i IOffset q q QOffset Amplitude 10 ln i i q q ln 10 G...

Страница 384: ...ulated using the following formulas Be careful about the sign for phase correction Amplitude Original data Gain correction data 128 dBm Phase Original data Phase correction data 128 degree Definition...

Страница 385: ...8 Trace file structure XNum 641 XRightLabel Span XStart 1 9995G XScale 1 0015625M XUnit Hz ZNum 1 YStart 100 XLeftLabel Center UpdateAreas 1 YUnit dBm NBW 3 13180146596413k YMiddleUnit dB YScale 100 U...

Страница 386: ...y XStart Required Represents the minimum left edge of the horizontal axis XScale Required Represents the scale of the horizontal axis XUnit Represents the unit of the horizontal axis fixed to Hz ZNum...

Страница 387: ...ader Power 1 tab Mask 1 Power 2 tab Mask 2 Power 3 tab Mask 3 Number indicated by XNum Power N tab Mask N Figure 3 180 Data block Part of the data block might look like this 100 875531204 0 111 253515...

Страница 388: ...File Format 3 262 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 389: ...t Menu The Print menu contains the following controls Print now Save screen to file Background color Printer Black White Figure 3 181 Print menu structure Print now Starts printing a copy of the analy...

Страница 390: ...zard Refer to the printer manual for the installation method Refer to page 2 26 for using Windows XP To print a copy of the analyzer screen follow these steps 1 Press the PRINT key on the front panel...

Страница 391: ...color set in step 1 4 Press the Save screen to file side key The file selection screen appears 5 Do one of the following to output the screen image to a specified file H Using a preset file name Press...

Страница 392: ...Screen Copy 3 266 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 393: ...Appendices...

Страница 394: ......

Страница 395: ...the performance requirements for those characteris tics The specifications are common to WCA230A and WCA280A unless otherwise noted Unless otherwise stated the following tables of electrical character...

Страница 396: ...pan 1 MHz Marker 1 kHz Carrier frequency measurement 1 2 Hz RF RF1 Frequency 2 GHz Span 1 MHz Marker 1 2 kHz Carrier frequency measurement 210 Hz RF2 Frequency 5 GHz Span 1 MHz WCA280A only Marker 1 5...

Страница 397: ...112 dBc Hz 132 dBc Hz 135 dBc Hz 135 dBc Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz 30 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 5 MHz 7 MHz Frequency 2000 MHz 96 dBc Hz 104 dBc Hz 105 dBc Hz 105 dBc Hz 112 dBc Hz 132 dBc Hz 135 dBc Hz 135 dBc...

Страница 398: ...nput Characteristics Description Signal input Input connector N type RF and baseband input BNC type Option 03 IQ input Input impedance 50 VSWR 1 4 2 5 GHz RF attenuation 10 dB 1 8 7 5 GHz RF attenuati...

Страница 399: ...80A only Absolute amplitude accuracy at calibration point 0 dB attenuation 20 to 30 _C 0 3 dB Baseband at 10 MHz 10 dBm signal 0 5 dB at 50 MHz 20 dBm signal Input attenuator setting uncertainty 0 5 d...

Страница 400: ...dBm local frequency 7 to 7 7 GHz WCA280A only Table A 7 Spurious response Characteristics Description Image Suppression Typical 1st IF 75 dB RF RF1 70 dB RF2 RF3 WCA280A only 2nd and 3rd IF 80 dB RF...

Страница 401: ...MHz Option 03 IQ input Real time capture bandwidth 20 MHz Baseband 15 MHz RF RF1 to 3 10 MHz Option 03 IQ input Table A 9 Sampling rate Characteristics Description Sampling rate Real Time S A Demod a...

Страница 402: ...span 12 8 ms 20 kHz span 32 ms 10 kHz span 64 ms 5 kHz span 128 ms 2 kHz span 320 ms 1 kHz span 640 ms 500 Hz span 1 28 s 200 Hz span 3 2 s 100 Hz span 6 4 s Table A 11 Digital demodulation Characteri...

Страница 403: ...plitude 1 dB compression measurement AM PM Phase error vs Reference amplitude CCDF Probability of excess vs Power level Crest factor measurement PDF Probability of occurrence vs Power level Accuracy P...

Страница 404: ...y 0 7 0 7 1 5 3 0 100 kHz 1 MHz 4 MHz 10 MHz 16QAM EVM Typical Symbol rate Center frequency 1 GHz 0 9 0 5 1 2 2 2 100 kHz 1 MHz 4 MHz 10 MHz Center frequency 2 GHz 0 9 0 5 1 2 2 2 100 kHz 1 MHz 4 MHz...

Страница 405: ...100 kHz 1 to 1 99 GHz span 50 kHz 500 to 990 MHz span 20 kHz 200 to 490 MHz span 10 kHz 100 to 190 MHz span 10 kHz 50 to 90 MHz span 10 kHz 20 to 40 MHz span 10 kHz 10 MHz span 1 kHz 5 MHz span 1 kHz...

Страница 406: ...2 k Trigger output voltage High 2 0 V Low 0 4 V output current 1 mA Trigger marker position timing uncertainty 2 sample points Power External trigger Table A 15 Trigger S N below B020000 and J300100...

Страница 407: ...to Noise ratio Carrier frequency Spurious Demod mode Analog demodulation AM FM PM Digital demodulation refer to Table A 11 I Q vs Time Power vs Time Frequency vs Time Time mode I Q vs Time Power vs T...

Страница 408: ...Active Average Max Hold Min Hold View and Off Display line Horizontal line 1 and 2 Vertical line 1 and 2 Table A 19 Controller and interface Characteristics Description Controller CPU Intel Pentium I...

Страница 409: ...tor replaceable Cosel supply 2 A Time delayed 250 V not operator replaceable Heat dissipation Maximum power 350 VA Maximum line current 5 A rms at 50 Hz 90 V line with 5 clipping Surge current Maximum...

Страница 410: ...s Description Temperature Operating 10 to 40 _C Nonoperating 20 to 60 _C Relative humidity Operating and nonoperating 20 to 80 no condensation maximum wet bulb temperature 29 _C Altitude Operating Up...

Страница 411: ...voltage fluctuation flicker Australia New Zealand Declaration of Conformity EMC Complies with EMC provision of Radiocommunications Act per the following standard s AS NZS 2064 1 2 Industrial Scientif...

Страница 412: ...llution or only dry nonconductive pollution occurs Products in this category are generally encapsulated hermetically sealed or located in clean rooms Pollution Degree 2 Normally only dry nonconductive...

Страница 413: ...menu keys as illustrated in Figure B 1 The menu keys are divided into the following groups H MEASUREMENT H DISPLAY H MODE H MARKERS H VIEW H UTILITY Some of the submenus are used for programming or s...

Страница 414: ...Att Mixer None CDMA2000 EU PAMR400 FL CDMA2000 EU PAMR400 RL CDMA2000 EU PAMR800 FL CDMA2000 EU PAMR800 RL CDMA2000 GSM BAND 1 FL CDMA2000 GSM BAND 1 RL CDMA2000 GSM BAND 2 FL CDMA2000 GSM BAND 2 RL C...

Страница 415: ...enfield BlackmanHarris3A BlackmanHarris3B BlackmanHarris4A BlackmanHarris4B FlatTop Off On Select Trace Trace n Trace n Type Number Of Averages Trace n Type Average Number Of Traces to Hold Trace n Ty...

Страница 416: ...n Mixer Mixer Corrections Amplitude Offset Auto RfAtt Mixer Real Time S A Demod and Time Modes Real Time S A Acquisition Length Spectrum Offset Demod and Time modes Acquisition Length Acquisition Hist...

Страница 417: ...peat Stop and Show Results Mode Triggered Source Save on Trigger Save Count Save Count Limit Source Power External Level Slope Position Source Freq Mask Define Mask Slope Position Free Run Triggered C...

Страница 418: ...Trigger Save Count Save Count Limit Source Level Level Position Source Power Level Slope Position Source Freq Mask Define Mask Slope Position Source External Slope Position Free Run Triggered Continuo...

Страница 419: ...rsion Scroll Table ACPR S A Mode C N OBW Carrier Frequency EBW Spurious Rect Gaussian Nyquist Root Nyquist Rect Gaussian Nyquist Root Nyquist Rect Gaussian Nyquist Root Nyquist The arrow indicates the...

Страница 420: ...tion Type ASK FSK GFSK Decoding Format On Off None Root Raised Cosine None Raised Cosine Gaussian The arrow indicates the Meas Setup menu corresponding to the measurement item On Off On Off NRZ Manche...

Страница 421: ...lter Frequency Recovery Frequency Offset None Gaussian Pulse Characteristics 1st User Off Signal Source Analysis Carrier Threshold Level Carrier Bandwidth C N Sideband Minimum Offset Frequency Maximum...

Страница 422: ...nce Cursor to Marker X Reference Cursor Off Selected Marker Off Step Size Marker X All Markers Off Assign Marker X to Trace S A Mode Center Freq Marker Freq Display Markers Menu 1 2 Off Single Delta 1...

Страница 423: ...tal Scale Horizontal Start Vertical Scale Vertical Start Full Scale Measurement Content EVM Mag Error Phase Error Symbol Table Radix Rotate Hex Oct Bin Eye Diagram Measurement Content Eye Length I Q T...

Страница 424: ...rogram view Time Line Time Line Offset Time Line Interval Frequency Line Frequency Line Offset Frequency Line Interval View Lines Readout Off On Off On Off On Off On Off On Off On S A Mode except Real...

Страница 425: ...er OBW EBW Frequency Deviation A Single Pulse All Pulses Pulse Width Results Peak Power Results On Off Ratio Results Pulse Ripple Results Pulse Repetition Interval Results Duty Cycle Results Pulse Pul...

Страница 426: ...y Change Option Key Angular Units Phase Degrees Radians Print now Save screen to file Background color Printer Black White Real Time S A Demod and Time modes Load State Load Data S A mode except Real...

Страница 427: ...10 1B 1A 19 18 17 16 1F 1E 1D 1C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Left Right 64QAM F E D C B A 9 8 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1F 1E 1D 1C 1B 1A 19 18 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28 37 36 35 34 33 32 31...

Страница 428: ...46 54 42 50 04 34 44 74 84 B4 C4 F4 2F 3D 2B 39 27 35 23 31 03 33 43 73 83 B3 C3 F3 0E 1C 0A 18 06 14 02 10 00 30 40 70 80 B0 C0 F0 E1 D1 A1 91 61 51 21 11 01 13 05 17 09 1B 0D 1F E2 D2 A2 92 62 52 22...

Страница 429: ...pendix C Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping WCA230A WCA280A User Manual C 3 Table C 1 4 shift DQPSK Rotation angle degree Bit 45 0 135 1 45 2 135 3 Table C 2 GMSK Rotation direction Bit Left 1 Right...

Страница 430: ...Appendix C Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping C 4 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 431: ...or damage wear and missing parts using Table D 1 as a guide Instruments that appear to have been dropped or otherwise abused should be checked thoroughly to verify correct operation and perfor mance I...

Страница 432: ...ree cloth or a soft bristle brush If dirt remains use a cloth or swab dampened with a 75 isopropyl alcohol solution A swab is useful for cleaning in narrow spaces around the controls and connectors Do...

Страница 433: ...with frequency mask trigger H Option 03 IQ input function H Option 23 UMTS W CDMA uplink analysis software H Option 24 GSM EDGE analysis software H Option 25 cdma2000 analysis software H Option 26 cd...

Страница 434: ...le E 1 Power cord identification Plug configuration Normal usage Option number North America 120 V A0 Universal Euro 230 V A1 United Kingdom 230 V A2 Australia 240 V A3 North America 240 V A4 Switzerl...

Страница 435: ...Operating system restore floppy disk 063 3832 XX Optional software includes the user manual listed in Table E 3 Table E 3 Accessories for optional software Accessory Part number Option 23 W CDMA uplin...

Страница 436: ...ur analyzer Table E 4 Optional accessories Accessory Part number Japanese language user manual 071 1254 XX Japanese language programmer manual 071 1256 XX Service manual 071 1257 XX Accessory bag 016...

Страница 437: ...Glossary...

Страница 438: ......

Страница 439: ...ignal the modulating signal Analysis Time A subset of time contiguous samples from one Block Time used as input to an Analysis View Analysis View Any view which produces measurement results except for...

Страница 440: ...referenced to 1 microvolt Decibel dB Ten times the logarithm of the ratio of one electrical power to another Depth of Modulation The difference between the maximum and the minimum of the RF envelope...

Страница 441: ...their frequencies Frame A series of time contiguous samples long enough in duration and at a sufficient sample rate to produce a spectrum view of a specified span and RBW Frequency The rate at which...

Страница 442: ...n screen control is grayed out if it is not adjustable Import Bring data into the application from a file of some format other than application native Input Impedance The impedance at the desired inpu...

Страница 443: ...ure which captures the minimum signal amplitude at all displayed frequencies over a series of sweeps Modulate To regulate or vary a characteristic of a signal Modulating Signal The signal which modula...

Страница 444: ...e Level The signal level required to deflect the CRT display to the top graticule line Residual FM Incidental FM Short term displayed frequency instability or jitter due to instability in the spectrum...

Страница 445: ...nal wherein it is represented by displaying its frequency distribution Spectrum Analysis The technique or process of determining the frequency distribution of a signal Spectrum Analyzer A device for d...

Страница 446: ...Glossary Glossary 8 WCA230A WCA280A User Manual...

Страница 447: ...Index...

Страница 448: ......

Страница 449: ...etween frame bin and pixel 3 190 Block diagram 1 6 Brightness adjusting 1 26 uneven 1 19 C C N measurement 3 9 Cal menu 1 22 Calibration 1 21 Carrier frequency measurement 3 13 Carrier measurement RFI...

Страница 450: ...40 Frame relation between frame bin and pixel 3 190 Free Run trigger mode 3 149 3 156 Frequency menu 3 120 setting 3 119 Frequency versus Time measurement 3 87 Signal source analysis Option 21 only 3...

Страница 451: ...Marker menu 3 222 operation 3 221 MARKER SETUP 3 224 Max Hold description 3 187 Meas Setup menu digital modulation analysis 3 45 FM Demod measurement 3 39 3 40 PM Demod measurement 3 41 pulse measurem...

Страница 452: ...noise measurement Signal source analysis Option 21 only 3 105 Physical characteristics A 16 Pixel relation between frame bin and pixel 3 190 PM signal measurement 3 41 Power AC requirements 1 10 conne...

Страница 453: ...noise measurement 3 111 real time spurious measurement 3 115 spurious measurement 3 109 Single trigger 3 149 3 156 Single view 3 36 SPAN 3 121 Span menu 3 120 setting 3 119 vector span 3 126 Specific...

Страница 454: ...eration 3 172 trigger output indicating 3 171 trigger point indicator 3 171 Triggered trigger mode 3 149 3 156 Troubleshooting 1 19 Tutorial 2 29 U UNCAL 1 12 Unpacking 1 9 USB connectors side panel 2...

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