AO Principles
Synthes Spine
3
In 1958, the AO formulated four basic principles which have
become the guidelines for internal fixation.
1
They are:
– Anatomic reduction
– Stable internal fixation
– Preservation of blood supply
– Early, active mobilization
The fundamental aims of fracture treatment in the limbs and
fusion of the spine are the same. A specific goal is returning
as much function as possible to the injured neural elements.
2
AO Principles as Applied to the Spine
3
Anatomic Alignment
Restoration of normal spinal alignment to improve the
biomechanics of the spine.
Stable Internal Fixation
Stabilization of the spinal segment to promote bony fusion.
Preservation of Blood Supply
Creation of an optimal environment for fusion.
Early, Active Mobilization
Minimization of damage to the spinal vasculature, dura, and
neural elements, which may contribute to pain reduction and
improved function for the patient.
1. M.E. Müller, M. Allgöwer, R. Schneider, H. Willenegger:
Manual of Internal
Fixation
, 3rd Edition. Berlin; Springer-Verlag. 1991.
2. Ibid.
3. M. Aebi, J.S. Thalgott, J.K. Webb.
AO ASIF Principles in Spine Surgery
. Berlin;
Springer-Verlag. 1998.
