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Glossary of Terms 120
10 Glossary of Terms
Spherical aberration occurs when light rays enter near the edge of the lens;
Chromatic aberration is caused by different refractive indexes of different
wavelengths of the light. (Blue is more refractive than red)
Analogue-to-Digital Converter, also known as A/D converter
In optics, Aperture defines a hole or an opening through which light travels.
In optical system the Aperture determines the cone angle of a bundle of rays
that come to a focus in the image plane. The Aperture can be limited by an
iris, but it is not solely reliant on the iris. The diameter of the lens has a
larger influence on the capability of the optical system.
A Bayer filter mosaic or pattern is a color filter array (CFA) deposited onto
the surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor for capturing RGB color images. The
filter mosaic has a defied sequence of red, green and blue pixels such that
the captured image can be transported as a monochrome image to the host
(using less bandwidth); where after the RGB information is recombined in a
computer algorithm.
Binning combines the charge from two (or more) pixels to achieve higher
dynamics while sacrifying resolution.
Bit-depth is the number of digital bits available at the output of the Analog-
to-Digital Converter (ADC) indicating the distribution of the darkest to the
brightest value of a single pixel.
Camera Link is a multiple-pair serial communication protocol standard [1]
designed for computer vision applications based on the National
Semiconductor interface Channel-link. It was designed for the purpose of
standardizing scientific and industrial video products including cameras,
cables and frame grabbers.
Charge Coupled Device. Commonly used technology used for camera
sensors used to detect & quantify light, i.e. for capturing images in an
electronic manner. CCDs were first introduced in the early 70ies.
Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor. A more recently adopted
technology used for camera sensors with in-pixel amplifiers used to detect &
quantify light, i.e. capturing images in an electronic manner.
Central Processing Unit of a computer. Also referred to as the processor
chip.
Decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two
values of a physical quantity.
For reducing width or height of an image, decimation can be used (CMOS
sensors only). Columns or rows can be ignored. Image readout time is
thereby reduced.
Identifies the location of defect pixels unique for every sensor. A factory
generated defect map is delivered and implemented with each camera.
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a type of memory chip that
retains its data when its power supply is switched off.
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a type of memory chip that
retains its data when its power supply is switched off.
or programmed exposure time. Frames are read out continuously.
In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an
amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input to
the output port by adding energy to the signal.
Aberration
ADC
Aperture
Bayer Pattern
Binning
Bit-Depth
Camera Link
CCD
CMOS
CPU
dB
Decimation
Defect map
EPROM
External Trigger
fixed frequency
Gain