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CHAPTER

FOUR

PLAY WITH PYTHON

If you want to program in python, then you will need to learn some basic Python programming skills and basic
knowledge of Raspberry Pi, please configure the Raspberry Pi first according to

Quick Guide on Python

.

4.1 Quick Guide on Python

This section is to teach you how to install Raspberry Pi OS, configure wifi to Raspberry Pi, remote access to Raspberry
Pi to run the corresponding code.

If you are familiar with Raspberry Pi and can open the command line successfully, then you can skip the first 3 parts
and then complete the last part.

4.1.1 What Do We Need?

Required Components

Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a
standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable little device that enables people of all ages to explore computing, and to
learn how to program in languages like Scratch and Python.

89

Содержание PiArm

Страница 1: ...Piarm Release 1 0 www sunfounder com Mar 31 2022 ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...le 37 3 5 Remote Control 49 3 6 Coordinate Mode 65 3 7 Memory Function 69 3 8 GAME Catching Dolls 73 3 9 GAME Iron Collection 81 4 Play with Python 89 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 89 4 2 Assemble and Test 3 EoATs 110 4 3 Sound Effects 112 4 4 Dual Joystick Module Control 114 4 5 Keyboard Control 121 4 6 Coordinate Mode 129 4 7 Memory function 132 4 8 GAME Catching Dolls 135 4 9 GAME Iron Collection 1...

Страница 4: ...ii ...

Страница 5: ...on each of which allows you to make PiArm work the way you want it to Play with Ezblock If you are new to programming check out this chapter as it introduces Ezblock Studio a block based visual program ming software that allows you to make PiArm move and implement some interesting projects by simply dragging and dropping blocks Play with Python If you prefer to program in a more popular programmin...

Страница 6: ...Piarm Release 1 0 2 CONTENTS ...

Страница 7: ...ble Please follow the steps on the PDF to assemble Note 1 Before assembling you need to buy 2 18650 batteries and fully charge them refer to About the Battery 2 Robot HAT cannot charge the battery so you need to buy a battery charger at the same time PiArm Assembly Instructions pdf Warning If the kit you received includes a clear Robot HAT Case please do not mount it so as not to affect the PiArm ...

Страница 8: ...Piarm Release 1 0 4 Chapter 1 Component List and Assembly Instructions ...

Страница 9: ...so that the arm can reach a specific position 2 1 1 Angle Mode The arm has three servos to control its up and down left and right and front and back We use and to represent their rotation angles as shown below alpha represents the front to back rotation angle of the arm due to the limitation of the structure the recommended rotation range is 30 60 beta represents the up and down rotation angle of ...

Страница 10: ...nate system with its origin located at the center of the output axis of the servos on both sides The Control Point is located at the top of the arm and is scaled in millimeters In the initial state the coordinates of the Control Point are 0 80 80 6 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 11: ... the total arm length of PiArm is 160 mm which means that the limit value of the control points moving along the Y axis should be between 0 0 0 and 0 160 0 However due to the limitations of the structure itself the range of movement should be much smaller than this The recommended range for the X coordinate is 80 80 The recommended range for Y coordinate is 30 130 The recommended range for Z coord...

Страница 12: ...mbling the Shovel Bucket Assemble the Shovel Bucket as shown below Note In step 2 you need to insert the servo into P11 for zeroing before inserting the D3 plate into the servo shaft in a vertical orientation 8 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 13: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Assemble the Shovel Bucket to the end of the PiArm with M2x4 screws 2 2 Shovel Bucket 9 ...

Страница 14: ...Piarm Release 1 0 The Shovel Bucket has a rotation range of 90 60 10 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 15: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Use range Can t dig water can be used to dig sand and gravel 2 2 Shovel Bucket 11 ...

Страница 16: ...sembly Assemble the Hanging Clip as shown below Note Note that in step 3 you need to insert the servo into the P11 for zeroing before inserting the D1 plate into the servo shaft in a vertical orientation 12 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 17: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Attach the Hanging Clip to the end of the PiArm with the M2x4 screw 2 3 Hanging Clip 13 ...

Страница 18: ...Piarm Release 1 0 The angle range of the Hanging Clip is 0 90 14 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 19: ...object should be less than 150g The recommended height of the object to be clamped should be less than 4cm width less than 8 5cm Slender objects need to find the right angle to clip up Translated with www DeepL com Translator free version 2 3 Hanging Clip 15 ...

Страница 20: ...Piarm Release 1 0 2 4 Electromagnet Assembly Assemble the electromagnet module according to the diagram below 16 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 21: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Then secure the electromagnet to the end of the PiArm with the M2x4 screws 2 4 Electromagnet 17 ...

Страница 22: ...he iron product the stronger the adsorption It is recommended that the weight of iron objects is less than 150g 2 5 Dual Joystick Module Dual joystick module as the name implies consists of two joysticks each of which can output electrical signals in X Y and Z directions 18 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 23: ...tick is pushed to the left the coordinates are 0 2048 When the joystick is pushed down the coordinates are 2048 0 as shown below However electrical signals tend to fluctuate and it is difficult to get an absolutely stable reading so we usually set a value interval to determine where the joystick is currently located The recommended boundary values are set to 3072 and 1024 when the joystick reading...

Страница 24: ...n or left Note In the Python library these values have been processed into directional indications as follows The Z axis button outputs a low level 0 when pressed and a high level 1 when released 20 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 25: ... The functions of the USR Button can be configured through programming Pressing down leads to a input of 0 and releasing produces a input of 1 LED Configured through programming Outputting 1 turns the LED on Outputting 0 turns the LED off Battery Indicator Battery voltage above 7 8V will light up the two indicator LEDs Battery voltage ranging from 6 7V to 7 8V will only light up one LED voltage be...

Страница 26: ...D will stay on with a solid Bluetooth connection and blink rapidly during a signal transmission The LED will blink at 1 second intervals if the Bluetooth is disconnected Note You can see more details in the Robot HAT Documentation 22 Chapter 2 Hardware Introduction ...

Страница 27: ...all the servos at 0 degrees to complete a proper and safe assembly otherwise you will probably damage the servos Install EzBlock Studio will guide you to download Ezblock Studio to play with your robot 3 1 1 Servo Adjust When assembling to the part with the servo you need to keep the servo at 0 and secure it with the servo screw Please follow the tutorial below to do this 1 Firstly Download and In...

Страница 28: ...d to indicate that the Raspberry Pi boots successfully 4 Next plug the servo cable into the P11 port as follows 5 At this point you will see the servo arm rotate to a specific position 0 If the servo arm does not return to 0 press the RST button to restart the Robot HAT 6 Now you can continue the installation as instructed on the assembly foldout 24 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 29: ... possible deviations in the installation process or limitations of the servos themselves making some servo angles slightly tilted so you can calibrate them in this step But if you think the assembly is perfect and no calibration is needed you can also skip this step Projects Here we show you the projects of playing Piarm on Ezblock Studio If you are new to these you can refer to the code images in...

Страница 30: ...ion even if no block is placed it cannot be deleted and the Forever block is as the name suggests a continuous loop that allows your program to change and respond This block is used to set an interval time in milliseconds 3 2 2 Tips on PiArm blocks Here you can find some blocks needed to make PiArm work 26 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 31: ...PiArm Step 2 Now start writing the code to make Shovel Bucket work Put set bucket pin as in the Start block to initialize the bucket pin as P3 Note Because in the assembly diagram above it is connected to the Transfer Module which is already connected to 3 2 Assemble and Test 3 EoATs 27 ...

Страница 32: ... to Used to set the angle of Shovel Bucket the range is 0 90 delay From the Basic category used to set the time interval between 2 block runs in ms Step 4 Once the code is written click the Download button in the bottom right corner to download it to the PiArm Now you will see the Shovel Bucket moving back and forth and you can click the Run button to stop the code from running 28 Chapter 3 Play w...

Страница 33: ...ovel Bucket work Put set hanging clip pin as in the Start block to initialize the hanging clip pin as P3 Note Because in the assembly diagram above it is connected to the Transfer Module which is already connected to P3 during the PiArm assembly Of course you can also connect it to other spare pins 3 2 Assemble and Test 3 EoATs 29 ...

Страница 34: ... the range is 0 90 delay From the Basic category used to set the time interval between 2 block runs in ms Step 4 Once the code is written click the Download button in the bottom right corner to download it to the PiArm Now you will see the Hanging Clip repeatedly open close and you can click the Run button to stop the code from running 30 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 35: ...ovel Bucket work Put set electromagnet pin as in the Start block to initialize the electromagnet pin as P3 Note Because in the assembly diagram above it is connected to the Transfer Module which is already connected to P3 during the PiArm assembly Of course you can also connect it to other spare pins 3 2 Assemble and Test 3 EoATs 31 ...

Страница 36: ... category used to set the time interval between 2 block runs in ms Step 4 Once the code is written click the Download button in the bottom right corner to download it to the PiArm Now you will find that the Electromagnet is energized every second the LED D2 on the electromagnet lights up indicating that it is energized at which time it can be used to adsorb some materials with iron 32 Chapter 3 Pl...

Страница 37: ...lay some music and sound effects as well as to implement TTS functions 3 3 1 Tips on Blocks This block is a separate thread and can play some built in background music This block can play some built in sound effects You can write some text in this block and let PiArm speak them 3 3 Sound Effects 33 ...

Страница 38: ...nction block the function you created will also appear here The Function block without output is used here Step 2 Create a function named music after creating it you will see it in the Functions category Now let the music function implement playing background music at 50 volume set background music volume to Used to set the volume of the background music in the range of 0 100 play background music...

Страница 39: ...n volume play sound effects with volume to This block can be used to play built in sound effects with a volume range of 0 100 Step 4 Similarly create a function named tts that will be used to make PiArm say something say This block converts the text you type into speech for PiArm to speak 3 3 Sound Effects 35 ...

Страница 40: ... it to the PiArm Now you will find that piarm first plays the sound effect in the sound function and then plays the background music in the music function When the background music is played the tts function is run for timing and the countdown voice broadcast will be performed after 30 seconds Note You can also find the code with the same name on the Examples page of Ezblock Studio and click Run o...

Страница 41: ...e learned how to Assemble and Test 3 EoATs of PiArm s separately In this project first the arm is controlled by Angle Mode and dual joystick module Then the control code for the three EoATs was added to this so that the dual joystick module can control both arm and EoAT Arm Joystick Control Shovel Bucket Joystick Control 3 4 Dual Joystick Module 37 ...

Страница 42: ...to a specific position Coordinate Mode Create a spatial right angle coordinate system for the arm and set the control point Set the coordinates of the control point so that the arm can reach a specific position Step 1 You may want to simplify your program with variables now click the Create variable button on the Variables category to create 5 variables HIGH LOW and Note The created variables are ...

Страница 43: ...OW variables please refer to Dual Joystick Module Step 3 Use if else block to do some conditional judgment cases drag 5 else if blocks from the left to below the if block if else Conditional judgment block you can create multiple conditional judgments by clicking the set icon and dragging else or else if to the right below the if 3 4 Dual Joystick Module 39 ...

Страница 44: ... the Y is connected to A3 Assume that the X and Y of the left joystick and the Y of the right joystick are used to control the 3 servos of PiArm respectively now first set the judgment condition to determine whether the left and right joysticks are toggled or not If A0 LX is greater than HIGH 3072 it means that the left joystick is toggled to the right If A0 LX is less than LOW 1024 it means the l...

Страница 45: ...s less than LOW 1024 it means the right joystick is toggled backward Step 4 Now set the rotation effect of PiArm according to the toggle of the left and right joysticks If the left joystick is toggled to the right the Arm will turn right If the left joystick is toggled to the left the Arm will turn left If the left joystick is toggled forward the Arm will extend forward If the left joystick is tog...

Страница 46: ...down If the right joystick is toggled backward the Arm will raise up Note and represent the 3 servo rotation ranges on PiArm refer to Angle Mode constrain low high From Math category for setting the variation of a constant to a certain range Step 5 42 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 47: ...control PiArm Left joystick toggle left or right the arm will turn to the left or right Left joystick toggle forward or backward the arm will extend forward or retract backward Right joystick toggle forward or backward the arm will raise up or lower down Note You can also find the code with the same name on the Examples page of Ezblock Studio and click Run or Edit directly to see the results 3 4 D...

Страница 48: ...Piarm Release 1 0 44 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 49: ... also find the code with the same name on the Examples page of Ezblock Studio and click Run or Edit directly to view the code Once the code is run you can control both the PiArm s arm and Shovel Bucket with the dual joystick module But you need to install Shovel Bucket to the PiArm first 3 4 Dual Joystick Module 45 ...

Страница 50: ...will be raised or lowered Push the left joystick to rewind the Shovel Bucket inward Press the right joystick to extend the Shovel Bucket outward 3 4 3 Hanging Clip Joystick Control Now add the control code for the Hanging Clip to the code for the control arm Note You can also find the code with the same name on the Examples page of Ezblock Studio and click Run or Edit directly to view the block 46...

Страница 51: ...o PiArm first Push the left Joystick to the left or right the arm will turn to the left or right Push the left Joystick forward or backward the arm will extend or retract Push the right Joystick forward or backward the arm will be raised or lowered Press the left Joystick to close the Hanging Clip Press the right Joystick to open the Hanging Clip 3 4 Dual Joystick Module 47 ...

Страница 52: ...zblock Studio and click Run or Edit directly to view the block After the code is run you can use the dual joystick module to control both PiArm s arm and the Electromagnet But you need to install Electromagnet to PiArm first Push the left joystick to the left or right the arm will turn to the left or right Push the left joystick forward or backward the arm will extend or retract 48 Chapter 3 Play ...

Страница 53: ...emote Control Create a Library Shovel Bucket Remote Control Hanging Clip Remote Control Electromagnet Remote Control 3 5 1 Arm Remote Control PiArm s arm can be controlled in two ways Angle Mode and Coordinate Mode Angle Mode Writes a certain angle to the three servos on the arm thus rotating the arm to a specific position Coordinate Mode Create a spatial right angle coordinate system for the arm ...

Страница 54: ...d the D pad and Button block appear in it Button get value This block is used to read the value of the button press is 1 release is 0 Button is press release This block and Button get value 0 1 have the same effect and can be used directly to determine whether a button is pressed or not D pad get value This block is used to read the up down left right selected through the drop down menu pad values...

Страница 55: ...the arrow keys and button values Note The function name cannot contain spaces and two words can be connected by _ Note and represent the 3 servo rotation ranges on PiArm refer to Angle Mode constrain low high From Math category for setting the variation of a constant to a certain range if else Conditional judgment block you can create multiple conditional judgments by clicking the set icon 3 5 Rem...

Страница 56: ...forward If the Down button of D pad is pressed the Arm will retract backward If the LEFT button of D pad is pressed the Arm will turn left If the RIGHT button of D pad is pressed the Arm will turn right If Button A is pressed the Arm will lower down If Button B is pressed the Arm will raise up Step 4 52 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 57: ...he functions must be placed before the start and Forever blocks You can also find the code with the same name on the EzBlock Studio Examples page and click Run or Edit directly to view the result 3 5 2 Create a Library To be able to use the function arm_control in other code later you can create it as a library and import it when you need to use it Step 1 Open the menu icon in the upper right corn...

Страница 58: ...ep 2 Select the function there is only one function here so arm_control is selected by default Step 3 Name the library and fill in the description so that it can be better distinguished later 54 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 59: ...ge You can also see it when you click Import Library 3 5 3 Shovel Bucket Remote Control Create a new project and write code for it so that we can control the Shovel Bucket while controlling the arm Step 1 Import arm_control library if you have not created this library before please refer to Create a Library 3 5 Remote Control 55 ...

Страница 60: ...an right click on it and click Expand Block so that you can see its internal code Step 2 Go to the remote control page and drag a D pad and two buttons out again because the import library will not import the widgets so you need to drag them in again Add two more buttons to control the angle of the Shovel Bucket 56 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 61: ...initialize the PiArm rotation speed and the pin of Shovel Bucket Step 4 Create a new function shovel and write the code as follows to control Shovel Bucket with two buttons Use if else block as a judgment condition If button C is pressed the variable angle is added by 1 if 3 5 Remote Control 57 ...

Страница 62: ...ns category to the Forever block respectively After clicking the download button use the D pad and buttons A B on the remote control page to control the movement of the arm and then use buttons C D to control the addition decrease of the bucket angle Note The functions must be placed before the start and Forever blocks You can also find the code with the same name on the EzBlock Studio Examples pa...

Страница 63: ...Library In the Mylib page select the library you created and click Import After importing this library is in a collapsed style You can right click on it and click Expand Block so that you can see its internal code Step 2 Go to the remote control page and drag a D pad and two buttons out again because the import library will not import the widgets so you need to drag them in again Add two more butt...

Страница 64: ...eed and the pin of Hanging Clip Step 4 Create a new function clip and write the code as follows to control Hanging Clip with two buttons Use if else block as a judgment condition If button C is pressed the variable angle is added by 1 if button D is pressed the variable angle is subtracted by 1 60 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 65: ...lock respectively After clicking the download button use the D pad and buttons A B on the remote control page to control the movement of the arm and then use buttons C D to control the opening and closing of the Hanging Clip Note The functions must be placed before the start and Forever blocks You can also find the code with the same name on the EzBlock Studio Examples page and click Run or Edit d...

Страница 66: ...ry In the Mylib page select the library you created and click Import After importing this library is in a collapsed style You can right click on it and click Expand Block so that you can see its internal code Step 2 Go to the remote control page and drag a D pad and two buttons out again because the import library will not import the widgets so you need to drag them in again In addition add a swit...

Страница 67: ...pin of Electromaget Step 4 Create a new function electromagnet and write code for it as the following steps so that you can control Electro magnet by the Switch widget Use if else block as a judgment condition If the switch is on the Electromaget is activated if the switch is off the Electromaget is turned off 3 5 Remote Control 63 ...

Страница 68: ... time you can use iron adsorption material when the switch toggles to off the electromagnet turns off At the same time you can use the D pad and buttons A B on the remote control page to control the movement of the arm Note The functions must be placed before the start and Forever blocks You can also find the code with the same name on the EzBlock Studio Examples page and click Run or Edit directl...

Страница 69: ...fic position Coordinate Mode Create a spatial right angle coordinate system for the arm and set the control point Set the coordinates of the control point so that the arm can reach a specific position This project sets 2 coordinate points by coordinate mode and let the PiArm clip the rubber duck on the left to the bowl on the right But you need to mount Hanging Clip to the PiArm first 3 6 Coordina...

Страница 70: ...he rubber duck on the left and the bowl on the right are on the same line you will find that their Y coordinate values are the same start_coord The coordinates of the left rubber duck start_coord_up The coordinate of straight above the left rubber duck end_coord The coordinates of the bowl end_coord_up The coordinates straight above the bowl 66 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 71: ...the Y coordinate value here is small the recommended range is 30 130 it is possible to reach to 100 However if you increase the Y coordinate value the X coordinate value needs to be reduced according to the actual situation due to the linkage action Step 3 In the loop block let PiArm do the following PiArm opens the Hanging Clip 20 then rotates to the left rubber duck position start_coord then clo...

Страница 72: ...in the bottom right corner and you will see PiArm repeating the actions described above Note You can also find the code with the same name on the Examples page of Ezblock Studio and click Run or Edit directly to view the code 68 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 73: ...the actions that PiArm has done In this project we will use the Dual Joystick Module to control the movement of the Arm of PiArm in Coordinate Control mode and record the motion trajectory of the Arm through the joystick buttons so that PiArm can move repeatedly along the recorded trajectory 3 7 Memory Function 69 ...

Страница 74: ...set their initial values Step 2 Create a function named set_position to make the Dual Joystick Module move the PiArm in Coordinate Mode If the left joystick is toggled to the right the Arm will turn right If the left joystick is toggled to the left the Arm will turn left 70 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 75: ...Arm will retract backward If the right joystick is toggled forward the Arm will raise up If the right joystick is toggled backward the Arm will lower down Note About X Y Z coordinate directions please refer to Coordinate Mode For the connection and direction of the dual joystick refer to Dual Joystick Module 3 7 Memory Function 71 ...

Страница 76: ...PiArm will be recorded at this time and there will be a voice prompt to indicate the completion of recording When the button of the right joystick is pressed PiArm will reproduce these recorded actions Note The if else and and blocks are all from the Logic category run the recorded actions at internal This block is used to set the time interval for each set of recorded actions if it is 0 it will r...

Страница 77: ...ou want to control Hanging Clip please refer to Hanging Clip Joystick Control to write the code If you want to control Electromagnet please refer to Electromagnet Joystick Control to write the code 3 8 GAME Catching Dolls Now let s play a game of catching dolls and see who can catch more dolls with PiArm in the given time In order to play this game we need to implement two functions the first one ...

Страница 78: ... set initial values for them Then initialize the PiArm rotation speed and Hanging Clip pin Note For the reason of the values of the HIGH and LOW variables please refer to Dual Joystick Module and represent the 3 servo rotation ranges on PiArm refer to Angle Mode 74 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 79: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 2 Create another 5 variables LX LY RY LB RB to read the X Y and pressed values of the Dual Joystick Module respectively 3 8 GAME Catching Dolls 75 ...

Страница 80: ...right joysticks are pressed then the timing starts and the flag is set to 1 Step 4 Create a function named clip to control the Hanging Clip When the left joystick is pressed and the right joystick is released the Hanging Clip will slowly closed When the left joystick is released and the right joystick is pressed the Hanging Clip will slowly opened 76 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 81: ... joystick LX is toggled to the left the Arm will turn left If the left joystick LY is toggled forward the Arm will extend forward If the left joystick LY is toggled backward the Arm will retract backward If the right joystick RY is toggled forward the Arm will lower down If the right joystick RY is toggled backward the Arm will raise up The Hanging Clip control function is also called here This al...

Страница 82: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 6 Put the control function into the Forever block 78 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 83: ... Step 7 Create a function named timing to use for timing The game time is set to 60 seconds 60000 and a countdown will chime in the last 3 seconds to let you know that time is almost up Step 8 3 8 GAME Catching Dolls 79 ...

Страница 84: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Let the timing function run in a separate thread This allows you to control PiArm while counting down The complete code is as follows 80 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 85: ... iron pieces triangle circle and square PiArm will randomly say a shape you need to control PiArm to put the corresponding shape of iron pieces into the corresponding box in the specified time you will not be able to control PiArm when the time is over 3 9 GAME Iron Collection 81 ...

Страница 86: ... them Then initialize the PiArm rotation speed and Electromagnet pin Note and represent the 3 servo rotation ranges on PiArm refer to Angle Mode Step 2 Drag 2 D pads from the remote control page to control PiArm a button to start the game and a Digital Tube to display the time 82 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 87: ...amed magnet to enable the left and right control of the D pad B to turn the electromagnet on and off Step 4 Create a function named control to implement the Arm of PiArm to be controlled by the D pad A and D pad B Note 3 9 GAME Iron Collection 83 ...

Страница 88: ...ou can create multiple conditional judgments by clicking the set icon and dragging else or else if to the right below the if If the UP button of D pad A is pressed the Arm will extend forward If the Down button of D pad A is pressed the Arm will retract backward If the LEFT button of D pad A is pressed the Arm will turn left If the RIGHT button of D pad A is pressed the Arm will turn right 84 Chap...

Страница 89: ...dom shape Step 6 The main flow of the code when button E is pressed the timer starts and PiArm will say a random shape flag is used to represent the start of the countdown and you can control PiArm Step 7 Create a function named timing to use for timing The game time is set to 60 seconds after the time is up PiArm will say Game over and you will no longer be able to control it 3 9 GAME Iron Collec...

Страница 90: ...tton E is pressed the timing starts and time startTime represents how many seconds have passed since then Step 8 Let the timing function run in a separate thread This allows you to control PiArm while counting down The complete code is as follows 86 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 91: ...Piarm Release 1 0 3 9 GAME Iron Collection 87 ...

Страница 92: ...Piarm Release 1 0 88 Chapter 3 Play with Ezblock ...

Страница 93: ...Pi remote access to Raspberry Pi to run the corresponding code If you are familiar with Raspberry Pi and can open the command line successfully then you can skip the first 3 parts and then complete the last part 4 1 1 What Do We Need Required Components Raspberry Pi The Raspberry Pi is a low cost credit card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV and uses a standard keyboard and m...

Страница 94: ...w the desktop environment of Raspberry Pi you need to use the screen that can be a TV screen or a computer monitor If the screen has built in speakers the Pi plays sounds via them Mouse Keyboard When you use a screen a USB keyboard and a USB mouse are also needed HDMI The Raspberry Pi has a HDMI output port that is compatible with the HDMI ports of most modern TV and computer monitors If your scre...

Страница 95: ...as it will download the image and install it automatically to the SD card Visit the download page https www raspberrypi org software Click on the link for the Raspberry Pi Imager that matches your operating system when the download finishes click it to launch the installer Step 2 When you launch the installer your operating system may try to block you from running it For example on Windows I recei...

Страница 96: ...pberry Pi Imager click CHOOSE OS Raspberry Pi OS other Scroll down to the end of the newly opened page and you will see Raspberry Pi OS Legacy and Raspberry Pi OS Lite Legacy these are security updates for Debian Buster the difference between them is with or without the desktop It is recommended to install Raspberry Pi OS Legacy the system with the desktop 92 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 97: ... Press Ctrl Shift X or click the setting button to open the Advanced options page to enable SSH and con figure wifi these 2 items must be set the others depend on your choice You can choose to always use this image customization options 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 93 ...

Страница 98: ...ck SAVE Note wifi country should be set the two letter ISO IEC alpha2 code for the country in which you are using your Raspberry Pi please refer to the following link https en wikipedia org wiki ISO_3166 1_alpha 2 Officially_ assigned_code_elements 94 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 99: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 7 Click the WRITE button 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 95 ...

Страница 100: ... 0 Step 8 If your SD card currently has any files on it you may wish to back up these files first to prevent you from permanently losing them If there is no file to be backed up click Yes 96 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 101: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 9 After waiting for a period of time the following window will appear to represent the completion of writing 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 97 ...

Страница 102: ...ou ve set up with Raspberry Pi OS into the micro SD card slot on the underside of your Raspberry Pi 2 Plug in the Mouse and Keyboard 3 Connect the screen to Raspberry Pi s HDMI port and make sure your screen is plugged into a wall socket and switched on Note If you use a Raspberry Pi 4 you need to connect the screen to the HDMI0 nearest the power in port 4 Use the power adapter to power the Raspbe...

Страница 103: ...outer such as a home network you can check the addresses assigned to Raspberry Pi on the admin interface of router The default hostname of the Raspberry Pi OS is raspberrypi and you need to find it If you are using ArchLinuxARM system please find alarmpi 2 Network Segment Scanning You can also use network scanning to look up the IP address of Raspberry Pi You can apply the software Advanced IP sca...

Страница 104: ...ten in C that is the bridge linking the customers and Unix Linux Moreover it can help to complete most of the work needed For Linux or Mac OS X Users Step 1 Go to Applications Utilities find the Terminal and open it Step 2 Type in ssh pi ip_address pi is your username and ip_address is your IP address For example ssh pi 192 168 18 197 Step 3 Input yes 100 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 105: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 4 Input the passcode and the default password is raspberry Step 5 We now get the Raspberry Pi connected and are ready to go to the next step 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 101 ...

Страница 106: ...word For Windows Users If you re a Windows user you can use SSH with the application of some software Here we recommend PuTTY Step 1 Download PuTTY Step 2 Open PuTTY and click Session on the left tree alike structure Enter the IP address of the RPi in the text box under Host Name or IP address and 22 under Port by default it is 22 102 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 107: ... login as type in pi the user name of the RPi and password raspberry the default one if you haven t changed it Note When you input the password the characters do not display on window accordingly which is normal What you need is to input the correct password If inactive appears next to PuTTY it means that the connection has been broken and needs to be reconnected 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 103 ...

Страница 108: ...rry Pi easily For details on how to do this please refer to Remote Desktop 4 1 4 Download and Run the Code First download and run the robot hat module cd home pi git clone https github com sunfounder robot hat git cd robot hat sudo python3 setup py install Note Running setup py will download some necessary components Due to network problems you may not be able to download successfully You may need...

Страница 109: ...om sunfounder piarm git cd piarm sudo python3 setup py install This step will take a little time so please be patient Finally you need to run the script i2samp sh to install the components needed for the i2s amplifier otherwise it may not have sound cd home pi piarm sudo bash i2samp sh 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 105 ...

Страница 110: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Type y and press Enter to continue running the script Type y and press Enter to make dev zero run in the background 106 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 111: ...ript several times 4 1 5 Servo Adjust To ensure that the servo has been properly set to 0 first insert the rocker arm into the servo shaft and then gently rotate the rocker arm to a different angle Follow the instructions on the assembly foldout insert the battery holder cable and turn the power switch to the ON 4 1 Quick Guide on Python 107 ...

Страница 112: ...oots successfully Now run servo_zeroing py in the examples folder cd home pi piarm examples sudo python3 servo_zeroing py Note If you get an error try re enabling the Raspberry Pi s I2C port see I2C Configuration Next plug the servo cable into the P11 port as follows 108 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 113: ...t unplug this servo cable before fixing it with the servo screw you can unplug it after fixing it Do not rotate the servo while it is powered on to avoid damage if the servo shaft is not inserted at the right angle pull the servo out and reinsert it Before assembling each servo you need to plug the servo cable into P11 and turn on the power to set its angle to 0 After the assembly is complete you ...

Страница 114: ...t PWM P3 arm set_offset 0 0 0 if __name__ __main__ while True arm set_bucket 50 sleep 1 arm set_bucket 90 sleep 1 How it work from robot_hat import Robot Servo PWM from robot_hat utils import reset_mcu from time import sleep from piarm import PiArm First import the Robot servo and PWM classes from robot_hat Import the reset_mcu class from the robot_hat utils module which is used to reset the MCU t...

Страница 115: ...gle of the bucket 4 2 2 Hanging Clip Run the code cd home pi piarm examples sudo python3 clip py After running the code you will see the Hanging Clip repeatedly opening and closing But you need to assemble Hanging Clip first Code from robot_hat import Robot Servo PWM from robot_hat utils import reset_mcu from time import sleep from piarm import PiArm reset_mcu sleep 0 01 arm PiArm 1 2 3 arm hangin...

Страница 116: ...ectromagnet_init Used to initialize the connection of the Electromagnet set_electromagnet Used to control the Electromagnet on off 4 3 Sound Effects In this example we use the sound effects of PiArm Robot HAT to be exact It consists of three parts Muisc Sound and Text to Speech Install i2samp Before using this function please activate the speaker so that it can produce sound Run i2samp sh this scr...

Страница 117: ...av m music_set_volume 40 m sound_play song def background_music music musics sports Ahjay_Stelino mp3 m music_set_volume 50 m background_music music def tts t say timing begins sleep 1 t say three sleep 1 t say two sleep 1 t say one sleep 1 t say Stop music sleep 1 if __name__ __main__ background_music sleep 10 sound tts while True background_music sound tts How it works The code is simple it crea...

Страница 118: ...d music in a specific path def tts t say timing begins sleep 1 t say three sleep 1 t say two sleep 1 t say one sleep 1 t say Stop music sleep 1 Write text to PiArm to make it speak say Writing characters or strings in parentheses will make PiArm speak them out 4 4 Dual Joystick Module Control In this project we will use the Dual Joystick Module that comes with the kit to control the PiArm Shovel B...

Страница 119: ...et by pressing the left and right joysticks respectively But you need to assemble Shovel Bucket to PiArm first Code from robot_hat import Servo PWM Joystick ADC Pin from robot_hat utils import reset_mcu from time import sleep from piarm import PiArm reset_mcu sleep 0 01 leftJoystick Joystick ADC A0 ADC A1 Pin D0 rightJoystick Joystick ADC A2 ADC A3 Pin D1 arm PiArm 1 2 3 arm bucket_init PWM P3 arm...

Страница 120: ...ftJoystick read_status pressed bucket 2 flag True elif rightJoystick read_status pressed bucket 2 flag True if flag True arm set_angle alpha beta gamma arm set_bucket bucket print servo angles s bucket angle s arm servo_positions arm component_staus if __name__ __main__ while True _angles_control sleep 0 01 How it works leftJoystick Joystick ADC A0 ADC A1 Pin D0 rightJoystick Joystick ADC A2 ADC A...

Страница 121: ...ha increases and the Arm will extend forward If the left joystick is toggled down alpha decreases and the Arm will retract backward If the left joystick is toggled to the left gamma increases and the Arm will turn left If the left joystick is toggled to the right gamma decreases and the Arm will turn right If the right joystick is toggled up beta increases and the Arm will raise up If the right jo...

Страница 122: ...eftJoystick read_status up alpha 1 flag True elif leftJoystick read_status down alpha 1 flag True if leftJoystick read_status left gamma 1 flag True elif leftJoystick read_status right gamma 1 flag True if rightJoystick read_status up beta 1 flag True elif rightJoystick read_status down beta 1 flag True if leftJoystick read_status pressed clip 2 flag True elif rightJoystick read_status pressed cli...

Страница 123: ...the left and right joystick buttons to control the angles of the Hanging Clip respectively 4 4 3 Electromagnet Joystick Control Run the code cd home pi piarm examples sudo python3 joystick_module3 py Once the code is run you will be able to control the rotation of PiArm s arm by toggling the left and right joysticks and controlling the on off of the Electromagnet by pressing the left and right joy...

Страница 124: ...e True _angles_control sleep 0 01 In this code the _angles_control function is created to control the PiArm alpha beta and gamma refer to the angles of the 3 servos on the Arm respectively refer to Angle Mode If the left joystick is toggled up alpha increases and the Arm will extend forward If the left joystick is toggled down alpha decreases and the Arm will retract backward If the left joystick ...

Страница 125: ... running the code follow the prompts and press the keys on the keyboard to control the PiArm s arm and Shovel Bucket But you need to assemble Shovel Bucket on the PiArm first Note To switch the keyboard to lowercase English input w s a d i and k are used to control the rotation of the arm j and l are used to control the angle of the Shovel Bucket Code from piarm import PiArm from robot_hat import ...

Страница 126: ... def readchar fd sys stdin fileno old_settings termios tcgetattr fd try tty setraw sys stdin fileno ch sys stdin read 1 finally termios tcsetattr fd termios TCSADRAIN old_settings return ch def control key arm speed 100 flag False alpha beta gamma arm servo_positions bucket arm component_staus if key w alpha 3 flag True elif key s alpha 3 flag True if key a gamma 3 flag True elif key d gamma 3 fla...

Страница 127: ...n fileno ch sys stdin read 1 finally termios tcsetattr fd termios TCSADRAIN old_settings return ch This function references the standard input stream and returns the first character of the read data stream tty setraw sys stdin fileno is to change the standard input stream to raw mode i e all characters will not be escaped during transmission including special characters old_settings termios tcgeta...

Страница 128: ...pha increases and the Arm will extend forward Press the s key on the keyboard the alpha decreases and the Arm will retract backward Press the a key on the keyboard the gamma increases and the Arm will turn left Press the d key on the keyboard the gamma decreases and the Arm will turn right Press the i key on the keyboard the beta increases and the Arm will raise up Press the k key on the keyboard ...

Страница 129: ... arm j and l are used to control the opening and closing of the Hanging Clip Code from piarm import PiArm from robot_hat import Pin PWM Servo ADC from time import time sleep from robot_hat utils import reset_mcu import sys import tty import termios reset_mcu sleep 0 01 arm PiArm 1 2 3 arm hanging_clip_init PWM P3 arm set_offset 0 0 0 controllable 0 manual Press keys on keyboard w extend s retract ...

Страница 130: ...lag True elif key k beta 3 flag True if key j clip 1 flag True elif key l clip 1 flag True if flag True arm set_angle alpha beta gamma arm set_hanging_clip clip print servo angles s clip angle s arm servo_positions arm component_ staus if __name__ __main__ print manual while True key readchar lower control key if key chr 27 break In this code the control function is created to control the PiArm by...

Страница 131: ...oard Control Run the code cd home pi piarm examples sudo python3 keyboard_control1 py After running the code follow the prompts and press the keys on the keyboard to control the PiArm s arms and Electromagnet But you need to assemble Electromagnet to PiArm first Note To switch the keyboard to lowercase English input w s a d i and k are used to control the rotation of the arm j and l are used to co...

Страница 132: ... key arm speed 100 flag False alpha beta gamma arm servo_positions status if key w alpha 3 flag True elif key s alpha 3 flag True if key a gamma 3 flag True elif key d gamma 3 flag True if key i beta 3 flag True elif key k beta 3 flag True if key j arm set_electromagnet on elif key l arm set_electromagnet off if flag True arm set_angle alpha beta gamma print servo angles s electromagnet status s a...

Страница 133: ...ht Press the i key on the keyboard the beta increases and the Arm will raise up Press the k key on the keyboard the beta decreases and the Arm will lower down Finally use the k and l keys to control the ON and OFF of the Electromagnet respectively 4 6 Coordinate Mode PiArm s arm has 2 control modes Angle Mode and Coordinate Mode Angle Mode Write a certain angle to the 3 servos of the arm to make t...

Страница 134: ...he Shovel Bucket by pressing the left and right joystick respectively But you need to assemble Hanging Clip to PiArm first Code from re import M from robot_hat import PWM from robot_hat utils import reset_mcu from time import sleep from piarm import PiArm reset_mcu sleep 0 01 Grab an object from one coordinate to another coordinate arm PiArm 1 2 3 arm set_offset 0 0 0 arm hanging_clip_init PWM P3 ...

Страница 135: ... when the end of arm tool is mounted The tolerance distance is different for each end of arm tool For example 3 4cm for Hanging Clip and Electro magnet 6 7cm for Shovel Bucket For example here the X coordinate is written as 100 but the actual distance is 13 14cm It is generally recommended that the X coordinate is 80 80 but since the Y coordinate value here is small the recommended range is 30 130...

Страница 136: ...ress the left joystick to record one movement of PiArm after recording several sets of movements you can press the right joystick to make PiArm to reproduce these movements Only record the changes between points if the starting point and the end point are the same and you do many moves in between but only press once to record it will go directly from the starting point to the end point and will no...

Страница 137: ... arm steps_buff i 2 i 1 sleep 0 05 elif rightJoystick read_status pressed t say action arm set_speed 80 arm record_reproduce 0 05 arm set_speed 100 if flag True arm set_angle alpha beta gamma arm set_bucket bucket print servo angles s bucket angle s arm servo_positions arm component_staus if __name__ __main__ print arm servo_positions i 0 while True _angles_control sleep 0 01 How it works In this ...

Страница 138: ...nd the Arm will turn left If the left joystick is toggled to the right gamma decreases and the Arm will turn right If the right joystick is toggled up beta increases and the Arm will raise up If the right joystick is toggled down beta decreases and the Arm will lower down 2 Control the angle of the Shovel Bucket if rightJoystick read_status left bucket 2 flag True elif rightJoystick read_status ri...

Страница 139: ...rm component_ staus Write the angle of the Arm and the Shovel Bucket to PiArm and have it rotate to those angles If you have the Hanging Clip or Electromagnet connected to your PiArm you can modify the above code by referring to the following parts Hanging Clip Joystick Control Electromagnet Joystick Control 4 8 GAME Catching Dolls Now let s play a game of catching dolls and see who can catch more...

Страница 140: ...arm import PiArm reset_mcu sleep 0 01 t TTS leftJoystick Joystick ADC A0 ADC A1 Pin D0 rightJoystick Joystick ADC A2 ADC A3 Pin D1 arm PiArm 1 2 3 arm hanging_clip_init PWM P3 arm set_offset 0 0 0 arm speed 100 game_flag 0 def control alpha beta gamma arm servo_positions clip arm component_staus if leftJoystick read_status up alpha 1 elif leftJoystick read_status down alpha 1 if leftJoystick read_...

Страница 141: ...d t say timing begins game_flag 1 if game_flag 1 control How it works This code adds timing to the Hanging Clip Joystick Control project def timing sleep 60 t say three sleep 1 t say two sleep 1 t say one sleep 1 t say game over global game_flag game_flag 0 Use the sleep function to count down in 60 seconds then let PiArm count down to 3 2 1 and when the time is over let game_flag be 0 then PiArm ...

Страница 142: ... will prompt the game to start then randomly say a shape Round Triangle and Square You need to use w s a d i and k on the keyboard to control Arm j and l to pick up the corresponding shape you need to install Electromagnet to PiArm first 60 seconds later the game will be prompted to end and you will no longer be able to control the PiArm If you want to stop the code from running you need to press ...

Страница 143: ...keys on keyboard p Game Start ESC Stop manual2 Press keys on keyboard w extend s retract a turn left d turn right i go up k go down j on l off def control while flag True arm speed 100 flag False alpha beta gamma arm servo_positions def control key alpha beta gamma arm servo_positions if key a gamma 3 elif key d gamma 3 if key s alpha 3 elif key w alpha 3 if key i beta 3 elif key k beta 3 if key j...

Страница 144: ...t say Round if k 2 t say Triangle if k 3 t say Square if __name__ __main__ print manual1 thread1 threading Thread target timing thread1 start while True key readchar lower if key p print manual2 flag True sleep 3 say_shape if flag True control key if key chr 27 print press ctrl c to quit break How it works This code is based on the project Electromagnet Keyboard Control with the addition of timing...

Страница 145: ...readchar lower if key p print manual2 flag True sleep 3 say_shape if flag True control key if key chr 27 break print press ctrl c to quit This is the main flow of the code Print out the key prompt in the terminal and let timing run in a separate thread Call the readchar function to read the key value If key p is read as being pressed print out the key prompt and let flag be True at which point the...

Страница 146: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Ctrl C At this point you can stop the code with Ctrl C 142 Chapter 4 Play with Python ...

Страница 147: ...DIX 5 1 I2C Configuration Enable the I2C port of your Raspberry Pi If you have enabled it skip this if you do not know whether you have done that or not please continue sudo raspi config 3 Interfacing options P5 I2C 143 ...

Страница 148: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Yes then Ok Finish 144 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 149: ... can use the function of remote desktop through VNC Enable VNC service The VNC service has been installed in the system By default VNC is disabled You need to enable it in config Step 1 Input the following command sudo raspi config Step 2 Choose 3 Interfacing Options by press the down arrow key on your keyboard then press the Enter key 5 2 Remote Desktop 145 ...

Страница 150: ... Step 3 P3 VNC Step 4 Select Yes OK Finish to exit the configuration Login to VNC Step 1 You need to download and install the VNC Viewer on personal computer After the installation is done open it 146 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 151: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 2 Then select New connection Step 3 Input IP address of Raspberry Pi and any Name 5 2 Remote Desktop 147 ...

Страница 152: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 4 Double click the connection just created 148 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 153: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 5 Enter Username pi and Password raspberry by default 5 2 Remote Desktop 149 ...

Страница 154: ...Piarm Release 1 0 Step 6 Now you can see the desktop of the Raspberry Pi 150 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 155: ...al login to remote machines using RDP Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol Install XRDP Step 1 Login to Raspberry Pi by using SSH Step 2 Input the following instructions to install XRDP sudo apt get update sudo apt get install xrdp Step 3 Later the installation starts Enter Y press key Enter to confirm 5 2 Remote Desktop 151 ...

Страница 156: ...e Remote Desktop feature that comes with Windows If you are a Mac user you can download and use Microsoft Remote Desktop from the APP Store and there is not much difference between the two The next example is Windows remote desktop Step 2 Type in mstsc in Run WIN R to open the Remote Desktop Connection and input the IP address of Raspberry Pi then click on Connect Step 3 152 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 157: ...ps out Please type in your username and password After that please click OK At the first time you log in your username is pi and the password is raspberry Step 4 Here you successfully login to RPi by using the remote desktop 5 2 Remote Desktop 153 ...

Страница 158: ... HAT cannot charge the battery so you need to buy a battery charger When the two power indicators on the Robot HAT are off it means the power is too low and the batteries need to be charged Button Top vs Flat Top Please choose battery with button top to ensure a good connection between the battery and the battery holder 154 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 159: ...rwise the robot may be cut power and stop running because of the overcurrent protection of the protective board Battery capacity In order to keep the robot working for a long time use large capacity batteries as much as possible It is recommended to purchase batteries with a capacity of 3000mAh and above 5 3 About the Battery 155 ...

Страница 160: ...Piarm Release 1 0 156 Chapter 5 Appendix ...

Страница 161: ...users who have been following and supporting us Your valuable suggestions to us are our motivation to provide better products Particular Thanks Len Davisson Kalen Daniel Juan Delacosta Now could you spare a little time to fill out this questionnaire Note After submitting the questionnaire please go back to the top to view the results 157 ...

Страница 162: ...Piarm Release 1 0 158 Chapter 6 Thank You ...

Страница 163: ... it for personal study investigation enjoyment or other non commercial or nonprofit purposes under therelated regulations and copyrights laws without infringing the legal rights of the author and relevant right holders For any individual or organization that uses these for commercial profit without permission the Company reserves the right to take legal action 159 ...

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