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34 

Source R.A. Spotts, Ohio State University 

Black  Rot  is  a  disease  caused  by  the  fungus  Guignardia 
bidwelli
.    It  overwinters  in  in  old  mummified  berries.    In 
spring,  the  primary  inoculum  is  released  which  starts  the 
initial  round  of  infection.    Those  initial  spores  are  dis-
persed by rain and wind.  After the initial infection period, 
secondary infections are spread by rain splash.  This mod-
el  predicts  infection  periods  of  Black  Rot  based  upon  the 
Spotts model.  
This model uses temperature and leaf  wetness  period to 
estimate the onset of an infection period.  The temperature 
is compared with the period of leaf wetness needed to pro-
duce  an  observable  infection.    If  the  wetness  period  ex-
ceeds  the  required  period  for  that  temperature,  the  word 
RISK will appear   
 
Infection Severity Screen 

BLK ROT=RISK PM: 

ASC=NONE CON=010 

Grape Black Rot  

This screen shows a risk for Black Rot as well as Powdery 
Mildew.  This screen shows a risk for Black Rot.  

Temperature (F)  

Hours of Leaf Wetness  

50 

24 

55 

12 

60 

9  

65 

8  

70 

7  

75 

7 

80  

6  

85 

9  

90 

12  

Содержание WatchDog 2400

Страница 1: ...1 2000 Series Mini Stations PRODUCT MANUAL Model s 2400 2425 2450 2475 ...

Страница 2: ...attery Replacement 10 Clearing the Loggers Memory 11 Keypad Display 12 Setting the Time and Date 13 Setting the Display Units 14 Setting the Degree Day Counter 15 Setting the Chill Hour Counter 16 Resetting the Disease Models 17 Archives 18 Screens 20 Degree Days Chill Hours 22 Activating Optional Disease Models 23 Station Installation 8 ...

Страница 3: ...Grape Mills Table 33 Grape Black Rot 34 Apple Scab Apple Sooty Blotch 35 Apple Mills Table 36 Tom Cast 38 References 39 Light 25 Plant Specific Light Requirements 26 General Light Requirements 28 CE Declaration of Conformity 40 VPD 30 ...

Страница 4: ...ers are easily viewed on the station s LCD screen The internal electronics calculate Growing Degree Days GDD for up to three degree day counters For example one counter can be activated at planting while another can track the development of insects The station calculates Chill Hours which is the total amount of hours during which temperatures have been below a specified low tem perature The statio...

Страница 5: ... 2500 µmol m2 s 1 F 0 7 C 4 5 Internal sensors The WatchDog 2000 Series Mini Stations can log up to 8800 data intervals This represents 198 days at 30 minute intervals 99 days at 15 minute intervals or other proportionate capacities When the station reaches capacity it wraps and begins recording over the oldest data It is important to download data within the appropriate days to ensure no data is ...

Страница 6: ...5 psi 1 psi 3673 3674 Input Cables for user supplied sensor 0 2 5V 4 20mA 0 005V 1 3676i UV Light Sensor 0 200 µmol m 2 s 1 5 6460 6460 20 WaterScout SM 100 Soil Moisture Sen sor 0 to saturation typically 50 3 6470 6470 20 WaterScout SMEC 300 Soil Moisture EC Temperature Sensor VWC 0 to sat EC 0 to 10 mS cm Temp 0 to 122 F 18 to 50 C VWC 3 EC 2 Temp 1 4 F 0 8 C All WatchDog 2000 Mini Station model...

Страница 7: ...r configuration For a Weather Station to be compatible with the SMEC300 sen sor SpecWare software version 9 04 or later is required See the following table for the earliest compatible firmware and number of sensors that can be used per station type Using SMEC 300 sensors will reduce the logging capacity When using 30 minute intervals the logger will hold 89 days of of data rather than 198 Be sure ...

Страница 8: ...on placing 1 2 of the mast into the ground It can also be mounted to a wooden post with the screws that are provided For all models except model 2400 the radiation shield protects the temperature sensor from solar radiation and other sources of reflected heat If other sensors are con nected secure the sensor wires to the mast just below the display module with a plastic tie This will make the wire...

Страница 9: ...even after the battery is removed or replaced One new feature of the WatchDog 2000 Series loggers is that they do not need to be relaunched after being down loaded This allows greater flexibility for loggers that are accessed by multiple users Although the logger stores data on an interval set in SpecWare the sensor readings displayed on the LCD are refreshed every 20 seconds The 2000 Series data ...

Страница 10: ...you experience difficulty connecting to the logger Whenever the batteries are replaced the time and date must be reset immediately so the data is time stamped cor rectly However all settings related to Degree Days Chill Hours and IPM parameters disease models DIF etc re main stored in the meter s memory even when the batter ies are removed The 2000 Series data log gers are powered by 4 AA batterie...

Страница 11: ...d to a new location Once the command is sent from SpecWare to clear the memory the data erasure is carried out automatically by the logger itself The PC interface cable can then be dis connected without affecting the process A data erasure will take several minutes to complete and the logger cannot be contacted in the interim Once the memory is cleared it is impossible to recover SpecWare pro vide...

Страница 12: ...ayed on the LCD by the firmware such as Growing Degree Days are only retained in the Daily and Monthly Archives see Ar chives p 16 The functions of each of the keypad but tons are described in the following pages Pressing the Display key once brings the LCD display to life The screen will initially display descriptive infor mation about the station The screen then displays current conditions Curre...

Страница 13: ... Press Set 6 Enter the month using the arrow keys 3 Press the down arrow key once to reach the Time Date screen TIME DATE Press SET 7 Press Set 8 Enter the year 9 Press Set 10 Enter the day 11 Press Set 12 Enter the hour 13 Press Set 14 Enter the minutes 15 Press Set 16 Enter AM or PM 17 Press Set Setting The Date and Time ...

Страница 14: ...ware and firmware using the same unit system it is not required SpecWare is equipped to handle situa tions where it receives data in a different unit system However if you use SpecWare to change any of the data logger s configuration parameters i e logging interval the data logger will also be reconfigured to use the unit system used by SpecWare DISPLAY UNITS Press SET If the display is off press ...

Страница 15: ...er temperature limit using the arrow keys 12 Press Set Counter DISABLED BASE 55 UPPER 55 Caution Be careful when entering a parameter update screen for a degree day counter when that counter is ena bled If the Set key is pressed the counter status will be come modifiable and the archives WILL BE ERASED If this is not desirable press one of the arrow keys instead of the Set key to exit the screen I...

Страница 16: ... for a chill hour counter when that counter is ena bled If the Set key is pressed the counter status will be come modifiable and the archives WILL BE ERASED If this is not desirable press one of the arrow keys instead of the Set key to exit the screen If the display is off press Display to turn it on 1 Press Set 3 Press Set 4 The counter will say DISABLED 2 Scroll to the Chill Hour screen CHILL HO...

Страница 17: ...eason If the display is off press Display to turn it on 1 Press Set 2 Scroll to the Reset Disease screen 3 Press Set to reset the disease model 4 The screen will go back to Current Values and the dis ease model will be reset Select Parameter To Be Set RESET DISEASE Press SET Resetting Disease Models ...

Страница 18: ...l the information stored for that day This will include a screen with the high and low temperatures for that day any active degree day counters and the average readings for any sensors connected to the device If a currently ac tive Degree Day Counter was not active on that day the screen will say No Data Monthly Archive The Monthly Archive retains 12 months of data When a month is selected the dat...

Страница 19: ...ree Day counter is disabled or reset the entire archive for that counter will be erased Disabling a Degree Day counter does not affect the storing of data in memory and thus will not affect any of the SpecWare report functions Displaying Archives If the display is off press Display to turn it on 1 Press Current Archive once to bring up the daily ar chive 2 Use the arrow keys to scroll to the date ...

Страница 20: ... Alert This screen shows the current air temperature and status of the leaf wetness sensor Dry or Wet and the cumulative number of hours for the day The current temperature on this screen is 74 F The leaf wetness sensor is wet and there is a total number of 5 leaf wetness hours for the day Daily High and Low Values Air Temp 74o F Leaf Wet Hours 05 This screen shows the high and low temperature for...

Страница 21: ...oduce its own Degree Day reports Time Date Battery Level This screen shows the current date time and battery strength The current date is 09 08 12 and the time is 07 09 PM The battery is at 90 Disease Name Index Values This screen shows the current disease risks This screen will be different for each of the disease models See more detailed descriptions on pgs 30 36 This screen shows no risk for Bl...

Страница 22: ...logger s firmware calculates Degree Days using the integral method Degree Day values are calculated at 15 minute intervals to produce Degree Quarter Hours DQH which are then summed over a full day DQH are calcu lated as follows DQH Tavg Tbase Where Tavg is the average temperature over the 15 minute interval and Tbase is the base temperature If the average temperature is greater than the upper limi...

Страница 23: ...figure below This screen is brought up by selecting the About SpecWare option from the Help menu on the SpecWare main screen Once a disease model has been activated on a station the infection risk will be available on the LCD at all times Once the data is downloaded more complete reports can be run within SpecWare itself Only one disease model can be activated on a logger at a time but there is no...

Страница 24: ...ed to port B on the logger If a model 2400 is set for disease models a tem perature sensor needs to be plugged in to port D Setting the Disease Report mode is done using the Report pulldown on the Properties screen within the WatchDog Manager in SpecWare The available disease models are described in pages 30 36 Activating Optional Disease Models Cont ...

Страница 25: ...s the unit for the Daily Light Integral DLI the amount of light present during a day The DLI varies with the seasons increasing in the spring and decreasing in the fall The greenhouse film and structure allow 35 70 of the light to reach the plants Environmental fac tors like dust and dew can also block light Light transfer is hard to assess using the human eye because it adjusts immediately to the...

Страница 26: ...a set of experiments performed at Clemson University SPRING EXPERIMENT The spring experiment measured plant development at 0 shade 18 mol day 25 shade 12 mol day 50 shade 6 mol day and 75 shade 3 mol day Plant Commercially Acceptable Quality Highest Quality Begonia 6 mol day 12 to 18 mol day Pansy N A 18 mol day Marigold 6 mol day N A Angelonia 12 mol day 18 mol day Petunia N A N A Impatiens 3 mol...

Страница 27: ...ity Highest Quality Agertum 15 mol day 15 mol day Vincia 7 mol day N A Zinnia N A 38 mol day FALL EXPERIMENT The fall experiment measured outdoor plant development at 0 shade 30 mol day 50 shade 13 mol day 70 shade 8 mol day and 90 shade 3 mol day Plant Commercially Acceptable Quality Highest Quality Geranium 13 mol day 30 mol day Melampodium 8 mol day 30 mol day Plant Specific Light Requirements ...

Страница 28: ...egral DLI Results 5 mol day Produces poor quality plants 5 10 mol day Produces commercially acceptable plants Produces high quality plants for shade adapted species 10 20 mol day Produces high quality plants General Light Requirements ...

Страница 29: ...than night temperature positive DIF value plants will become taller When day temperature is cooler than night temperature negative DIF value less stem elongation will occur To view a DIF report select Reports in the dropdown menu from Tools on the menu bar in SpecWare Select Plant Growth Report DIF DLI in Standard Reports Use the Where and When tab to change the dates of data used to generate the ...

Страница 30: ...r vapor is in the air and how much water vapor the air can hold at saturation It predicts the rate of water vapor movement from the plant to the surrounding air and is a useful tool in plant watering decisions To view a VPD report select Reports in the dropdown menu from Tools on the menu bar in SpecWare Select Custom Reports see button to right of Standard Reports on the Select Report tab Create ...

Страница 31: ... Then press the New Column button Select RH Primary and VPD Press OK Use the Where and When tab to change the dates of data used to generate the report and the View Report tab to view VPD values VPD cont ...

Страница 32: ...e 2 3 the original Mills leaf wetness value is used to determine the development of a Heavy Ascospore Infection the point at which treatment should begin Three consecutive days with 6 consecutive hours of temperatures between 70 F and 85 F are required to initiate the Conidial Index Thereafter the index increases by 20 with each day having six consecutive hours between 70 F and 85 F The index decr...

Страница 33: ... original Mills value 42 40 43 34 44 30 45 27 3 46 25 3 47 23 3 48 49 20 50 19 3 51 18 52 17 3 53 16 7 54 55 16 56 57 14 7 58 59 14 60 61 13 3 62 12 7 63 75 12 76 12 7 77 14 78 17 3 Conidial Index 0 30 Light infection risk 40 50 Medium infection risk 60 100 Heavy infection risk Grape Mills Table ...

Страница 34: ...riods of Black Rot based upon the Spotts model This model uses temperature and leaf wetness period to estimate the onset of an infection period The temperature is compared with the period of leaf wetness needed to pro duce an observable infection If the wetness period ex ceeds the required period for that temperature the word RISK will appear Infection Severity Screen BLK ROT RISK PM ASC NONE CON ...

Страница 35: ... that occur between the base and upper temperature limits The Weather Tracker uses the Mills Apple Scab model as modified by A L Jones 1980 A modified Mills table is shown on the fol lowing 2 pages This screen shows the infection risk for the day The risk on this screen is light The apple scab risk is calculated daily SBFS MILLS NONE 000hrs WSU NONE Apple Scab Apple Scab Sootyblotch Flyspec ...

Страница 36: ... 19 63 to 75 9 12 18 62 9 12 19 61 9 13 20 60 9 5 13 20 59 10 13 21 58 10 14 21 57 10 14 22 56 11 15 22 55 11 16 24 54 11 5 16 24 53 12 17 25 52 12 18 26 51 13 18 27 Approximate numbers of hours of wetting required for primary apple scab infection at different air temperatures Apple Mills Table ...

Страница 37: ...8 15 20 30 47 15 23 35 46 16 24 37 45 17 26 40 44 19 28 43 43 21 30 47 42 23 33 50 41 26 37 53 40 29 41 56 39 33 45 60 38 37 50 64 37 41 55 68 33 to 36 48 72 96 Approximate numbers of hours of wetting required for primary apple scab infection at different air temperatures Apple Mills Table ...

Страница 38: ...se severity value DSV to predict the development of these diseases An increasing number of leaf wetness hours and a higher temperature cause the DSV to increase at a faster rate A Cumulative DSV of 15 to 20 is usually viewed as the threshold for initiating a spray program Contact your State Agricultural Extension Service for further information regarding disease management in your area Infection S...

Страница 39: ...y M Greenhouse Vegetable Production 2002 http www ces ncsu edu depts hort greenhouse_veg more_info_ stress3 html 2002 Nov 26 Pitblado R E 1985 A Weather timed Fungicides Spray Program for Field Tomatoes in Ontario TOM CAST The Model Ridgetown College of Agricultural Technology Ridgetown ON Spotts R A 1977 Effect of Leaf Wetness Duration and Temperature on the Infectivity of Guignardia Bidwelli on ...

Страница 40: ...om defects in material or work manship for one year from the date of purchase During the warranty period Spectrum will at its option either repair or replace products that prove to be defective This warranty does not cover damage due to improper installation or use lightning negligence accident or unau thorized modifications or to incidental or consequential damages be yond the Spectrum product Be...

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