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Scientech Technologies ST2276, Руководство по эксплуатации

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ST2276 

 

 

Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 

52 

GPS Glossary 

Glossary of terms : 

Accuracy : 

The degree of conformance between the estimated or measured position, time, and/or 
velocity  of  a  GPS  receiver  and  its  true  time,  position,  and/or  velocity  as  compared 
with a  constant  standard. Radio navigation system accuracy  is usually presented as a 
statistical measure of system error and is characterized as follows: 

1.

 

Predictable : The accuracy of a radio navigation system’s position solution with 
respect to the charted solution. Both the position solution and the chart must be 
based upon the same geodetic datum. 

2.

 

Repeatable : The accuracy with which a user can return to a position whose co-
ordinates  have  been  measured  at  a  previous  time  with  the  same  navigation 
system. 

3.

 

Relative : The accuracy  with which a  user  can measure position relative to that 
of another user of the same navigation system at the same time. 

Analog : 

A type of transmission characterized by variable waveforms representing information, 
contrasted  with  digital.  A  standard  clock  with  moving  hands  is  an  analog  device, 
whereas a clock with displayed and changing numbers is a digital device. The human 
voice  and  audible  sounds  are  analog.  Modem  computers  are  invariably  digital,  but 
when  they  communicate  over  telephone  lines,  their  signals  must  be  converted  to 
analog  using  a  modem  (a  modulator/demodulator).  The  analog  signal  is  converted 
back into a digital form before delivering it to a destination computer. 

Application software : 

These programs accomplish the specialized tasks  of the user, while operating system 
software  allows  the  computer  to  work.  A  computer-aided  dispatch  system  is 
application software, as is each word processing program. 

Automatic Vehicle Location – AVL : 

A type of system using any sort of technology to track or locate a vehicle. 

Availability : 

The percentage of time that the services of a navigation system  can be used within a 
particular coverage area. Signal availability is the percentage of time that navigational 
signals  transmitted  from  external  sources  are  available  for  use.  Availability  is  a 
function  of  both  the  physical  characteristics  of  the  operational  environment  and  the 
technical capabilities of the transmitter facilities. 

Bandwidth : 

The range of frequencies in a signal. 

 

HiK-Consulting

Содержание ST2276

Страница 1: ...r 1 1 An ISO 9001 2000 company 94 101 Electronic Complex Pardesipura Indore 452010 India Tel 91 731 2570301 02 4211100 Fax 91 731 2555643 e mail info scientech bz Website www scientech bz Toll free 18...

Страница 2: ...ST2276 Scientech Technologies Pvt Ltd 2 H i K C o n s u l t i n g...

Страница 3: ...Understanding the shape of Earth b Measurement of latitude longitude Experiment 4 17 a Understanding the principle of PRN code in GPS b Understanding the principal of autocorrelation in GPS Experiment...

Страница 4: ...ave you ever been lost and wished there was an easy way you needed to go Ever find that perfect fishing or hunting spot and not been able to remember how to get back to it easily How about finding you...

Страница 5: ...ss of integrating satellite signal Doppler shifts the change in received signal frequency caused by the changing range during the fly over of the satellite Another Navy system based on the Timation sa...

Страница 6: ...oT 1995 A 2 The 1985 Comprehensive Global Positioning System User Policy defined both a military encrypted Precise Positioning Service and a lower level of accuracy Standard Positioning Service U S Do...

Страница 7: ...egment is designed to consist of 24 satellites orbiting the earth at approximately 20200Km every 12 hours At time of writing there are 26 operational satellites orbiting the earth The space segment is...

Страница 8: ...ant function is to determine the orbit of each satellite and predict its path for the following 24 hours This information is uploaded to each satellite and subsequently broadcast from it This enables...

Страница 9: ...ne using a GPS receiver to receive the GPS signal and determine their position and or time Typical applications within the user segment are land navigation for hikers vehicle location surveying marine...

Страница 10: ...are roughly allowing the receiver to know where to look roughly for a satellite This data is broadcast to the User Segment so that it can be stored and employed for initial satellite acquisition and...

Страница 11: ...distance from our receiver to a particular satellite This allows the construction of a hemisphere whose centre is the satellite and whose radius is the calculated distance from a particular satellite...

Страница 12: ...r day to day operation are derived from the resonant frequency of one of the atomic clocks shown in figure 1 The 50Hz data pulse 2 The C A code pulse Coarse Acquisition code PRN Code coarse reception...

Страница 13: ...eriment Procedure Following steps has to be perform while doing the experiments Step 1 Please go through the manual before performing any practical Step 2 Install the software from the CD ie Open WinZ...

Страница 14: ...detect then check your PC com port If your PC com port is COM2 then click COM2 in the software As soon as you click on any of these com port according to your PC the software will start displaying so...

Страница 15: ...es and longitudes Where a numeric latitude or longitude is given the two digits immediately to the left of the decimal point are whole minutes to the right are decimals of minutes and the remaining di...

Страница 16: ...you click on any of these com port according to your PC the software will start displaying some signals After this click on stop button now go to the observation table for noting down the values Step...

Страница 17: ...al with n shifting registers a series of 2n 1 bits can be generated For n 10 this will become 1024 210 1 1023 bits The codes are generated with a speed of 1 023 MHz or 1023000 bits per second An examp...

Страница 18: ...g the received signal with a locally generated PRN code This must be the same PRN code which has been generated in the satellite It is important that equal parts of the code are mixed with each other...

Страница 19: ...ne satellite can be decoded This information also contains data about other satellites and the rest can soon be received too The main reason for using PRN codes in the GPS system is that the PRN code...

Страница 20: ...a sharp correlation peak and steep early later slope which facilitates accurate error correction for the code lock loop also called Delay Lock Loop In reality a GPS receiver would need a brick wall ba...

Страница 21: ...DOP position in 3 D HDOP Horizontal DOP position on a plane VDOP Vertical DOP height only The accuracy of any measurement is proportionately dependent on the DOP value This means that if the DOP valu...

Страница 22: ...practical Step 2 Install the software from the CD i e Open WinZip from the CD and run the setup file If you don t have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself Step 3 Connect mains cord t...

Страница 23: ...observation table for noting down the values Step 10 Take at least four reading by placing the antenna at four different locations But switch off the power during placing the antenna on different loc...

Страница 24: ...some of the fields A checksum is optionally added in a few cases it is minatory Following the is the address field aaccc aa is the device id GP is used to identify GPS data Transmission of the device...

Страница 25: ...ate from diff reference station 14 Diff reference station ID 15 Checksum VTG GPVTG t T s ss N s ss K hh VTG Actual track made good and speed over ground 1 Track made good 2 Fixed text T indicates that...

Страница 26: ...field 4 7 16 19 Information about fourth SV same as field 4 7 Procedure Following steps has to be perform while doing the experiments Step 1 Please go through the manual before performing any practic...

Страница 27: ...se com port according to your PC the software will start displaying some signals After this click on stop button now go to the observation table for noting down the values Step 10 In the observation y...

Страница 28: ...reat Circle GPBWR Bearing Distance to Waypoint Rhumb Line GPBWW Bearing Waypoint to Waypoint GPDBT Depth Below Transduce GPDCN Decca Position GPDPT Depth GPFSI Frequency Set Information GPGGA Global P...

Страница 29: ...ate of Turn GPRPM Revolutions GPRSA Rudder Sensor Angle GPRSD RADAR System Data GPRTE Routes GPSFI Scanning Frequency Information GPSTN Multiple Data I GPTRF Transit Fix Data GPTTM Tracked Target Mess...

Страница 30: ...itude longitude GPGRS GPS Range Residuals GPGSA GPS DOP and active satellites GPGST GPS Pseudorange Noise Statistics GPGSV GPS Satellites in view GPHDT Heading True GPMSK Control for a Beacon Receiver...

Страница 31: ...et of sentences transmitted by some Garmin units in response to a received PGRMO GPALM 1 sentence It can also be received by some GPS units eg Garmin GPS 16 and GPS 17 to initialize the stored almanac...

Страница 32: ...tion angle 16be Rate of right ascension Fd5e Roor of semi major axis a10c9f Argument of perigee 4a2da4 Longitude of ascension node 686e81 Mean anomaly 58 cbe 1 F0 clock parameter F1 clock parameter Ch...

Страница 33: ...at B A Loran C blink SNR warning general warning A Loran C cycle warning 0 10 cross track error distance R steer Right to correct or L for Left N cross track error units nautical Miles K for kilometer...

Страница 34: ...n the next leg of the route The bearing from POINTA to POINTB does not change during the time you are on this leg GPBWC Bearing and distance to waypoint great circle Eg 1 GPBWC 081837 T M N 13 BWC 225...

Страница 35: ...s are in view Horizontal Dilution of precision HDOP 1 5 Relative accuracy of horizontal position Altitude 280 2 M 280 2 meters above mean sea level Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid 34 0 M 34 0 me...

Страница 36: ...1023 GPGLL Geographic Position Latitude Longitude and time eg1 GPGLL 3751 65 S 14507 36 E 77 eg2 GPGLL 4916 45 N 12311 12 W 225444 A 4916 46 N Latitude 49 deg 16 45 min North 12311 12 W Longitude 123...

Страница 37: ...esidual Unused entries are blank Sat 5 residual Sat 6 residual Sat 7 residual Sat 8 residual Sat 9 residual Sat 10 residual Sat 11 residual Sat 12 residual Checksum 6C GPGSA GPS DOP and active satelli...

Страница 38: ...ation Longitude error deviation 5 6 Standard deviation meters of longitude error Altitude error deviation 22 0 Standard deviation meters of latitude error Checksum 58 GPGSV GPS Satellites in view Eg G...

Страница 39: ...for MSS message status null for no status 45 checksum GPMSS Beacon Receiver Status Example 1 GPMSS 55 27 318 0 100 66 Where 55 signal strength in dB 27 signal to noise ratio in dB 318 0 Beacon Frequen...

Страница 40: ...de S W E x not used y not used ss s Speed over ground in knots ccc Course over ground vv v Variation W Direction of variation E W hh Checksum GPRMB Recommended minimum navigation information sent by n...

Страница 41: ...EGLL last waypoint 5 EGLM next waypoint 6 5130 02 Latitude of Next waypoint 7 N North South 8 00046 34 Longitude of next waypoint 9 W East West 10 004 6 Range 11 213 9 bearing to wept 12 122 9 closing...

Страница 42: ...receiver warning A Valid position V Warning 4916 45 N Latitude 49 deg 16 45 min North 12311 12 W Longitude 123 deg 11 12 min West 000 5 Speed over ground Knots 054 7 Course made good degrees true 1911...

Страница 43: ...variation 12 Mode indicator A Autonomous D Differential E Estimated N Data no valid 13 Checksum GPRTE Routes Eg GPRTE 2 1 c 0 PBRCPK PBRTO PTELGR PPLAND PY AMBU PPF AIR PWARRN PMORTL PLISMR 73 GPRTE 2...

Страница 44: ...referenced and ground referenced speed data VBW x x x x A x x x x A x x Longitudinal water speed knots x x Transverse water speed knots A Status Water speed A Data valid x x Longitudinal ground speed...

Страница 45: ...WPL 5128 62 N 00027 58 W EGLL 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 5128 62 Latitude of nth waypoint on list 2 N North South 3 00027 58 Longitude of nth waypoint 4 W East West 5 EGLL Ident of nth waypoint 6 59 checksum GP...

Страница 46: ...zone minutes description same sign as hours Example 2 GPZDA 024611 08 25 03 2002 00 00 6A Field Example Comments Sentence ID GPZDA UTC Time 024611 08 UTC time UTC Day 25 UTC day 01 to 31 UTC Month 03...

Страница 47: ...ble to the port which is available on the trainer Connect another end of the cable to PC serial port COM1 COM2 COM3 etc Step 5 Connect the patch antenna to SMA subminiature connector of the ST2276 tra...

Страница 48: ...Used Latitude Longitude Speed Altitude Quality PDOP HDOP VDOP PRN Elev Az SNR Used also readings from the received data At least you have to take three to four readings on different different places P...

Страница 49: ...d 800 1000 km e The refractive index of the gaseous mass in the troposphere is f slightly higher than unity g slightly lower than unity h unity i zero 4 Rank VDOP HDOP and PDOP from best to worst norm...

Страница 50: ...eric errors multipath errors and receiver noise d Satellite clock integer ambiguity ionospheric errors multipath errors and receiver noise 8 If the range measurements for two simultaneously tracking s...

Страница 51: ...ase measurements the most suitable carrier tracking loop will be a PLL with low loop bandwidth b FLL with low loop bandwidth c PLL with high loop bandwidth d FLL with high loop bandwidth 14 Which of t...

Страница 52: ...ng hands is an analog device whereas a clock with displayed and changing numbers is a digital device The human voice and audible sounds are analog Modem computers are invariably digital but when they...

Страница 53: ...ase that may be varied from a known reference value by modulation Carrier aided tracking A signal processing strategy that uses the GPS carrier signal to achieve an exact lock on the pseudorandom code...

Страница 54: ...he integrated capability to process calls for service fleet management and geographical referencing Control segment A world wide network of GPS monitor and control stations that ensure the accuracy of...

Страница 55: ...f measurements As typically used in GPS positioning 2 drms is the radius of a circle that contains at least 95 percent of all possible fixes that can be obtained with a system at any one place Ditheri...

Страница 56: ...ject as a function of time Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise ephemeris Epoch Measurement interval or data frequency as in making observation every 15 seconds Loading data us...

Страница 57: ...in air land and sea navigation mapping surveying and other applications where precise positioning is necessary GPS ICD 200 The GPS Interface Control Document is a government document that contains the...

Страница 58: ...he C A and P codes and with the navigation message L2 signal The second L band signal is centered at 1227 60 MHz and carries the P code and navigation message MDT Mobile Data Terminal A device typical...

Страница 59: ...sly by two or more receivers P code The precise or precision code of the GPS signal typically used alone by U S and allied military receivers A very long sequence of pseudo random binary biphase modul...

Страница 60: ...transmitter s clock and the receiver s clock Radionavigation The determination of position or the obtaining of information relative to position for the purpose of navigation by means of the propagatio...

Страница 61: ...tion i e differential corrections integrity messages etc Spread spectrum The received GPS signal is wide bandwidth and low power 160 dBW The L band signal is modulated with a PRN code to spread the si...

Страница 62: ...ting software by which a receiver operator executes procedures on equipment such as a GPS receiver and the means by which the equipment conveys information to the person using it the controls and disp...

Страница 63: ...ICD Interface Control Document IRIG Inter Range Instrumentation Group L1 1575 42 MHz GPS signal L2 1227 6 MHz GPS signal MC Master Control NAD 27 North American Datum 1927 NANU Notice Advisory to NAV...

Страница 64: ...c The customer resells the instrument to another party d Any attempt is made to service and modify the instrument 3 The non working of the product is to be communicated to us immediately giving full d...

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