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Manual FCKL 1528 page - 22

12.2.2.1. Linear scale

Obviously the linear scale has no linear scaling (equal distances for dBs), which is
somewhat of a contradiction.
The explanation for this strange behaviour is that the scale behaves linearly concerning
voltages in V or 

µ

V, not dB

µ

V.

The receiver converts the voltage on is input connector into proportional readings on the
meter.
If we would make a scale in V or 

µ

V, this scale would be a linear scale.

However the scale used is a dB

µ

V-scale, according to a logarithmic law.

Because of this logarithmic law the distances increase from left to right.
The table below shows this for some characteristic values.
Input voltage is in 

µ

V and the attenuator setting is 0 dB.

Input voltage in 

µ

V

Meter reading on the linear scale

0,316 

µ

V

-10

0,354 

µ

V

-9

0,398 

µ

V

-8

0,446 

µ

V

-7

0,501 

µ

V

-6

0,501 

µ

V

-5

0,630 

µ

V

-4

0,707 

µ

V

-3

0,794 

µ

V

-2

0,891 

µ

V

-1

1,000 

µ

V

0 dB Centre of Meter

1,122 

µ

V

+1

1,259 

µ

V

+2

1,413 

µ

V

+3

1,584 

µ

V

+4

1,778 

µ

V

+5

2,000 

µ

V

+6

For the difference of 1 dB from -10 dB to -9 dB only an input voltage difference of
0,122 

µ

V is needed.

For the difference b5 dB and +6 dB we need 0,686 

µ

V, nearly 6 times more.

This corresponds to the distances in the dB-scaling.

Содержание FCKL 1528

Страница 1: ...SCHWARZBECK MESS ELEKTRONIK DESCRIPTION DATA SHEET 9 kHz 30 MHz Interference Measuring Receiver FCKL 1528...

Страница 2: ...ttenuation is 95 dB u Switchable 10 dB high power attenua tor with 10 W for safe measurement with L I S N s up to 4 x 400 A u 5 Input filters Shape factors optimised for EMI measurement u CISPR standa...

Страница 3: ...Quasipeak to avoid switching CISPR Peak The xy recorder can be used in manual tuning mode as well The xy recorder then follows the manual frequency tuning on the encoder Doing so it is very easy to s...

Страница 4: ...ges reduce measuring time and provide data reduction Remote control for LISN or coaxial switching unit included Additional IEEE 488 devices can be integrated on request Attenuation measurements 100 dB...

Страница 5: ...e 15 V Sine wave R F voltage continuous 141 dB V 3 W Intermittent 20 on Burst 0 5 sec 143 dB V 5 W Spurious Large Signal Handling Capability Image frequency atten 65 dB typ 90 dB I F isolation 70 dB t...

Страница 6: ...ive demodulator Envelope of I F 0 dB centre of meter corresponds to 150 mV Ri 10 k Pulse weighted output see Y axis xy recorder I F output optional Supply voltages for auxiliaries 12 V 100 mA 12 V 50...

Страница 7: ...fictive E Field strength FMZB 1527 D Others Transformers converters Symmetric Unsymmetric transformer 105 SYM 9223 Current converter 10 kHz 200 MHz SW 9602 Modulator HM 7001 9 kHz 30 MHz for modulate...

Страница 8: ...ing Instructions INTERFERENCE MEASURING RECEIVER 9 kHz 30 MHz FCKL 1528 Interference measuring receiver for front panel operation with or without xy recorder and for PC controlled operation via IEEE b...

Страница 9: ...quency rotary encoder 8 4 5 3 Frequency steps 8 4 5 4 Manual automatic tuning 8 4 6 AF Audio area 9 4 7 Detector area 9 4 7 1 Quasi Peak Detector QP 9 4 7 2 Peak Detector PK 9 4 7 3 Average Detector A...

Страница 10: ...h operation modes the special requirements of interference measuring are covered Measuring pulses as slow as single click is possible according to the standards In addition VARISCAN permits the safe a...

Страница 11: ...isolation by an isolation transformer 100 VA If the mains plug of the standard cable has to be changed because of some different foreign standard it is very important to connect the yellow green safe...

Страница 12: ...rols Front panel The front panel is divided into 8 areas which unite important controls and displays They are as follows 1 Meter 4 Meter Reading 7 Detector 2 Attenuator 5 Receiving frequency 8 R f Inp...

Страница 13: ...attenuator protects the Low Noise Low Distortion Left part for Lin X Y receiver from dangerous overload right part for Log x y reading Left centre Direct input for highest sensitivity For continuos si...

Страница 14: ...e definition is very high in the range between 5 dB to 6dB This linear voltage range is best choice for high precision measurements based on the comparison between the signal to measure and the calibr...

Страница 15: ...tary encoder 2 3 increments or decrements the attenuator in 1 dB steps until the same meter reading for example 0 dB centre in the lower lin y range is reached Using this method ultimate precision is...

Страница 16: ...oise log y is ideal Choosing lin log y also determines lin log x frequency A linear frequency scaling is a disadvantage for band A For special purposes you can expand it by higher amplification of the...

Страница 17: ...The manual frequency tuning is made by rotating the frequency encoder Turning cw increases ccw decreases frequency The frequency steps are chosen by the rotary switch 5 3 4 5 3 Frequency steps This r...

Страница 18: ...basic noise can be monitored If a BFO is in use the differential frequency between input signal and receiving frequency occurs This differential frequency is exactly the difference between these two...

Страница 19: ...PR Average CAV Just like the classic AV but with a critcally damped second order low pass filter with a time constant of 160 msec The pulse weighing for fast pulses is the same but the behaviour for s...

Страница 20: ...was the automatic priority calibration with 100 Hz pulses according to band B 150 kHz The receiver is now ready to use and frequency is tuned by rotating the encoder 5 2 The steps can be selected wit...

Страница 21: ...owest scan speed for narrow band signals VARISCAN is always active if automatic frequency scan is chosen B Set steps to Fine with 5 3 which is recommended by the arrow This means that there are 10 Hz...

Страница 22: ...or is responsible for pen up pen down control This DIN connector fits directly into xy recorder delivered by our company On the control panel of the xy recorder both sensitivity switches are positione...

Страница 23: ...ware Note 2 fuses for 220 V for 110 V T 0 5 B T 1 0 B 110V 220V D C B A Function xy recorder others IEEE 488 connector 0 0 0 0 0 no phase no ground choke Connected via standard bus cable 1 0 0 0 1 no...

Страница 24: ...H Schalter VAR CAL Einst auf VAR Sw Set to VAR J Drehschalter 0 1V cm Rotatable Sw Set to 0 1V cm K Nullpunkt Y kleinste Spg Zero Y set to lowest dB line Nullpunkt X Regler F auf 9 kHz Punkt A Schalte...

Страница 25: ...dB 1 1500 30 dB 9kHz 29 999MHz f r Punkt A C des Diagramms Schwarzbeck Software XY Schr wird ber mitgeliefertes Kabel mit der Sub D Buchse an der R ckseite verbunden Schreiberjustage mit Schalter 5 4...

Страница 26: ...terface is already suppressed on the PC board where it s produced usually additional filtering is needed in the power supply lines This filter prevents conducted interference to spread via the mains c...

Страница 27: ...ise because of autoranging By that the dynamic range is very high Also in the software mode switch on the generator only when its needed and never for interference measurement 11 7 Important Switch on...

Страница 28: ...Common multimeters for example have switch positions for 200 mV 2 V 20 V 200 V 1000 V The smallest voltage to measure in the 200 mV range is 0 1 mV the highest 199 9 mV Voltages 0 1 mV are ignored vo...

Страница 29: ...Quasi Peak Detector Low distortion and Band B 150 kHz 30 MHz there is a note on both linear and logarithmic scale The noise reading depends on A Linear and logarithmic scale The logarithmic scale can...

Страница 30: ...this setting there may be a possible misreading caused by noise indication It is a good practice to listen to the sound coming from the receiver s loudspeaker Usually there is a difference between rec...

Страница 31: ...ing to a logarithmic law Because of this logarithmic law the distances increase from left to right The table below shows this for some characteristic values Input voltage is in V and the attenuator se...

Страница 32: ...lly when slow pulses are measured The situation is even worse when the frequency spectrum shows big difference between minimum and maximum which is often the case with high power inverters Connected t...

Страница 33: ...additional adjustments are needed One single rotary switch determines manual tuning or scanning and provides for setting of the corner frequencies to adjust the xy recorder The desired input voltage r...

Страница 34: ...Function circuit description Manual FCKL 1528 page 25...

Страница 35: ...k 200 k 1 M 2 M 5 M 10 M 30 M 20 M 500 k 25 dB rel 20 dB rel 15 dB rel 10 dB rel 5 dB rel 0 dB rel 5 dB rel 10 dB rel 15 dB rel 20 dB rel 25 dB rel Ref Attenu ator dB dB V B A C Schwarzbeck MESS ELEK...

Страница 36: ...M 5 M 10 M 30 M 20 M 500 k 25 dB rel 20 dB rel 15 dB rel 10 dB rel 5 dB rel 0 dB rel 5 dB rel 10 dB rel 15 dB rel 20 dB rel 25 dB rel Ref B A C Schwarzbeck MESS ELEKTRONIK FCKL 1528 Log Frequency Log...

Страница 37: ...M 5 M 10 M 30 M 20 M 500 k 25 dB rel 20 dB rel 15 dB rel 10 dB rel 5 dB rel 0 dB rel 5 dB rel 10 dB rel 15 dB rel 20 dB rel 25 dB rel Ref B A C Schwarzbeck MESS ELEKTRONIK FCKL 1528 Log Frequency Log...

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