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MEPS

−

Televisions April 2005

Page 3

A study produced for the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority by

Wise Analysis Ltd

GLOSSARY

AGO Australian

Greenhouse

Office

ANZ Australian

and

New

Zealand

AS Australian

Standard

AS/NZS

Joint Australian and New Zealand standard

BAU Business

as

Usual

BRANZ

Building Research Association of New Zealand

CO

2

-e

Carbon dioxide equivalent

Comparative label

A type of product label that indicates not only that the product meets specific
energy or environmental criteria, but allows comparison between products by
ranking.

CRT

Cathode Ray Tube

DVD

Digital Video Disk

DVB Digital

Video

Broadcasting

EECA

Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority

Endorsement label

A type of product label that indicates a product meets specific criteria (i.e.
energy or environmental). The label does not allow comparison between
eligible products.

EER

Energy Efficiency Ratio

EEI

Energy Efficiency Index, a measure which indicates the efficiency of TVs in
both the On and Standby mode.

GEEA

Group for Energy Efficient Appliances (Europe)

HDTV

High-definition television

HEEP

Household Energy End-use Project (BRANZ/EECA)

IRD Integrated

receiver

decoder

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

MCE

Ministerial Council on Energy (Australia)

MEPS

Minimum Energy Performance Standards

NAEEEP

National Appliance and Equipment Energy Program (Australia)

NAEEEC

National Appliance and Equipment Energy Efficiency Committee (Australia)

NFEE

National Framework for Energy Efficiency (Australia)

NPV

Net present value

Ownership

The ratio of stock to the total number of households.

Penetration

The proportion of households in which a particular appliance type is present
(irrespective of the number of units of that appliance in the household).

Saturation

The number of specified appliances per household, for those households that
have the appliance.

SDTV

Standard-definition television

Statistics NZ

Statistics New Zealand

STB

Set top box

TTMRA

Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement

TV Television
VCR

Video cassette recorder

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Содержание Televisions

Страница 1: ...MEPS Televisions April 2005 Page 1 of 33 A study produced for the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority by Wise Analysis Ltd ...

Страница 2: ...PS and energy labelling scheme for TVs should be implemented in tandem with Australia The MEPS would cover both on mode and standby energy consumption The setting of MEPS levels would be designed initially as in Australia to encourage the removal of the 30 of worst performing TVs from the marketplace and to match the best practice levels of our product source countries The total energy use of TVs ...

Страница 3: ...6 Wellington 6036 New Zealand Disclaimer While every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material in this report the authors make no warranty as to the accuracy completeness or usefulness for any particular purpose of the material in this report and they accept no liability for errors of fact or opinion in this report whether or not due to negligence on the part of any party Minimu...

Страница 4: ... Household Energy Consumption 4 2 Trends in TV Power consumption Summary 5 Technology Scope for Energy Efficiency 6 Standards Development 7 Test Laboratory Capability 8 International Energy Efficiency Programs 8 1 Voluntary Programs 8 2 Mandatory Programs Summary Testing Standards and Energy Efficiency Programs 9 Economic Implications 9 1 Energy Cost Savings 9 2 Trans Tasman Trade Agreement 9 3 Gr...

Страница 5: ...rship Australia New Zealand Table 4A New Zealand annual TV market based on type Table 4B New Zealand annual TV market based on feature Table 5 Energy usage against TV penetration Table 6 Best practice for LCD TVs Table 7 Average Set Top Box Power Levels Table 8 Summary of Testing Standards and Energy Efficiency Programs Table 9 Summary of program approaches policy tools Table 10 Proposed Implement...

Страница 6: ...y Efficiency Index a measure which indicates the efficiency of TVs in both the On and Standby mode GEEA Group for Energy Efficient Appliances Europe HDTV High definition television HEEP Household Energy End use Project BRANZ EECA IRD Integrated receiver decoder LCD Liquid Crystal Display MCE Ministerial Council on Energy Australia MEPS Minimum Energy Performance Standards NAEEEP National Appliance...

Страница 7: ... and Australia is also now primarily an importer of televisions The main source for New Zealand supply is China with a smaller number originating in Europe Japan and Korea The total number of TVs in New Zealand is estimated at 2 785 600 a 98 penetration Of these 590 200 are single TV households The numbers of TVs currently sold each year is currently 318 847 an increase of 25 on the previous year ...

Страница 8: ... by retailers and consumers but could attract annual administration costs of 100 000 with an NPV of 2 2 million Compared with the NPV of the electricity saved of 8 3 million there is a substantial benefit cost ratio of almost four If the savings in carbon charges are included the benefits are almost doubled Although Australia originally aimed to introduce a combined MEPS labelling scheme by 2006 r...

Страница 9: ...nces that required immediate or subsequent action in the standby power program among which were televisions3 Further research for NAEEEC4 suggested that a program that examined all modes of use including on mode and not just standby modes might better meet the Australian government s efficiency goals A report was thus commissioned to consider a range of policy options including mandatory measures ...

Страница 10: ... Australia broadcasters are required to deliver a hybrid system of SDTV with some HDTV programming where possible Broadcasters in Australia must provide at least 20 hours of digital programs within two years of commencing Trial digital TV broadcasts are being made in Auckland For consumers digital television means clearer sharper pictures and a reduction in the interference and ghosting that curre...

Страница 11: ...enefits of the basic set top box as well as a digital picture in widescreen format New Zealand is planning to introduce SDTV digital TV transmission in the future c High Definition TV HDTV HDTVs receive both HDTV and SDTV signals and display digital HDTV pictures in cinema quality wide screen 16 9 format A HDTV set will also provide all of the benefits of a basic set top box More common in the mar...

Страница 12: ...d LCD televisions may see prices fall and the market share increase LCD televisions boast lower energy consumption levels compared with other television types For example the NAEEEC Store Survey measurements showed a mean in use power of 56 4W for LCD sets compared with 79 1W for CRT sets i Liquid Crystal Display LCD LCD televisions utilise the same technology as computer monitors and until very r...

Страница 13: ...atio of 16 9 making the unit almost twice as wide as it is high A VCR normally shows videos in the standard format while a DVD player has options to enable the user to watch movies in wide screen format The wide screen is designed to give the user a greater television experience by making the television appear more like a cinema screen The actual screen size of wide screen televisions varies and u...

Страница 14: ...e rounded to the nearest hundred Source Statistics New Zealand Household Economic Survey The available Australian data suggests that television penetration probably increased linearly from 0 in 1956 the date of introduction to about 90 by 1975 The New Zealand data appears to lag the Australian data slightly in some categories but probably not significantly Television ownership is in excess of 1 86...

Страница 15: ...New Zealand market can be supplied by just over four month s production in Europe or China from a single factory The market share data for New Zealand is not readily available but the market is dominated by three major players Philips Sony and Panasonic who together account for 80 of total sales7 The comparable figures for market share in Australia by these manufacturers is only 19 5 The market in...

Страница 16: ...re for number of days used and assumes 21 days of out of home vacation The figure of 422 GWh assumes that the entire number of TVs in New Zealand of 2 785 600 is used in the same way for a certain number of hours per year as above However if only the principal TV in a household with one or more TVs is considered to have the stated usage i e a total principal TV population of 1 463 900 then this fi...

Страница 17: ...ould be approximately 20 of the Australian estimate or 211 GWh somewhat less than the 322 GWh above even making allowances for New Zealand s population of TVs possibly being somewhat older than the equivalent Australian population A best guess estimate is probably that the present energy consumption by all TVs is around 320 GWh According to some commentators normal appliance technology improvement...

Страница 18: ...tandby power fell from around 6W to 4 1W a reduction of some 30 In the off mode all TVs consumed less than 1W with the vast majority having zero consumption b LCD Televisions The data in MEPS TV Fig 4ff was based on limited numbers of units measured apart from 2003 04 Thus no trend was evident The average in use consumption was 56 4W ranging from 24W to 134W Standby showed large differences rangin...

Страница 19: ...btained through the use of protocols and software to better control the device energy management 5 Technology Scope for Energy Efficiency A 1998 report by Huenges and Siderius13 stated that TV in use energy consumption can be reduced through two options Options regarding components o Use less o Use more efficient o Use specifically designed components Options regarding design hardware and software...

Страница 20: ...w Zealand standard 7 Test Laboratory Capability The need for local test laboratories to carry out tests on overseas manufactured TVs has not been demonstrated It is anticipated that contracts for purchase will include requirements for type testing and possibly labelling International TV suppliers have been testing to the IEC 62087 for a number of years and the acceptance of international testing l...

Страница 21: ...eloped an Eco Label Flower that applies to more environmentally friendly products and services The International Energy Agency IEA has a One Watt Initiative energy saving program to cut world wide electricity losses from appliances in stand by launched in 1999 This aims to encourage equipment manufacturers towards consuming no more than one watt when the equipment is in standby mode The Australian...

Страница 22: ...grams Testing standards are now available for standby power measurement but no standards currently exist for energy consumption in use Voluntary programs such as Energy Star only target standby energy use The Energy Efficiency Index promoted in Europe covers in use mode and at least 20 of European sets comply Any New Zealand MEPS scheme should be compatible with any overseas obligatory programs su...

Страница 23: ...the power of five This gives a reasonable approximation to an S curve effect All new TVs are assumed to be used as the principal TV in a household with 20 of principal TVs being retired to second and subsequent TV status The number of TVs disposed of or becoming unused was assumed to be 10 of the stock of second and subsequent TVs At this rate the number of disposed TVs is always less than the num...

Страница 24: ...0 based on a current energy cost of 7 3 c kWh is 8 3 million 9 2 Trans Tasman Trade Agreement CER is a series of agreements and arrangements that began with the entry into force on 1 January 1983 of the New Zealand Australia Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement Total free trade in goods was achieved by 1990 five years ahead of schedule with the elimination of all tariffs and quantitative rest...

Страница 25: ... apparent than real 9 3 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Avoided power costs are usually considered to save energy at marginal generation costs which are thermal and thus emit CO2 The methodology is demonstrated in some detail in Meridian s Te Āpiti design document15 which shows a CO2 emission factor for thermal generation rising from of 572 g CO2 kWh in 2005 to 698 g CO2 kWh in 2025 The average...

Страница 26: ...familiar to workers in office environment or those using personal computers there are no other programs currently in New Zealand addressing the issue of energy efficiency of TVs The ENERGY STAR program does not address the issue of on mode energy use 10 2 Labelling Programs Labelling programs can be voluntary mandatory or a combination for part of the market Voluntary labelling is more in the natu...

Страница 27: ...nd to match the Japanese levels in the first instance as they are very stringent MEPS although our product is primarily based on Japanese and to a lesser extent European designed product largely manufactured in Asia The EU has not implemented a MEPS but has targeted reductions with voluntary agreements with major suppliers A voluntary agreement could work in New Zealand but could potentially be sa...

Страница 28: ... the case for voluntary programs where companies who do the right thing might be undercut by other company s products which do not match their energy performance standards The likely energy savings compared with the cost of introducing and operating a MEPS scheme has been assessed According to EECA the cost of running such a scheme is likely to be less than 100 000 a year together with some initia...

Страница 29: ...a Consultation with the importers and major retailers will be necessary to ensure that there is no undue resistance to the scheme to maximise compliance and adherence to the principles of the scheme The MEPS should cover both on mode and standby energy consumption The setting of MEPS levels should be designed initially as in Australia to encourage the removal of the 30 of worst performing TVs from...

Страница 30: ... remain at 3W Concerns about the timeframe which they would like to have a 3 year lead in time They expect to be consulted further should such a MEPS scheme be proposed to be introduced in New Zealand Summary Recommended Policy Options for New Zealand A MEPS for televisions in New Zealand should be implemented in tandem with Australia which is now likely to implement a voluntary scheme The MEPS sh...

Страница 31: ... end of 2006 13 Summary and Conclusions Televisions use around 320 GWh per year in energy and the current stock of TVs is less efficient than present day sets being largely CRT based Newer LCD slimline sets can offer reduced power consumption but even within a particular set type there is a range of energy use depending on the efficiency of the designs used and the consumers preferences for the ty...

Страница 32: ...rbon emissions saved 10 78 million The costs of such a scheme would be largely funded by retailers and consumers and could cost 25 000 in administration per annum The net present value of this at 525 000 is far less than any savings achieved It would be possible to introduce such a scheme by the end of 2006 if decisions and consultation begin as soon as possible WISE ANALYSIS LIMITED Gerry Coates ...

Страница 33: ...s and industry associations A list of potential stakeholders is provided below Importers Manufacturers Fujitsu Grundig Hitachi Hyundai JVC LG Australia Panasonic Philips Samsung Electronics Australia NSW Sanyo The Warehouse Sharp Corporation Sony TEAC Thomson Toshiba Government Agencies Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority Ministry of Economic Development Ministry for the Environment Parli...

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