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82
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(13) Aortic stenosis
(14) Aortic insufficiency
(15) Subvalvular aortic stenosis
At A, during mid-systole, a rough ejection murmur
can be heard. When the aorta is stiff from calculus
due to old age arterial stiffness, the murmur can be
quite large, but if the blood pressure is normal, the
extent of stenosis can be considered light.
At A, an ejection murmur can be heard. This is a
relative murmur due to increased blood volume.
This murmur occurs because at T, blood that was
initially sent to the aorta regurgitates to the left
ventric1e during diastole. This murmur during
systole and diastole is generally called "to and fro
murmur."
At T, an ejection murmur can be heard during
early~mid systole. This is because the muscular
enlargement at the lower aortic valve narrows the
left ventricular pathway to the aorta, presenting a
type of "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."
