INSTALLATION – SOLAR COLLECTORS
36
However, the optimum orientation of solar collectors is not always practical or achievable. Solar collectors may
be installed up to 90° from the optimum orientation. Where the orientation is greater than 60° from the optimum,
either an additional solar collector or selective surface collectors in lieu of non selective surface collectors may
be installed to make up for the reduction in solar performance.
Each of these options should be discussed with the system owner. If neither of these options is possible nor
acceptable to the system owner, then the system owner needs to be made aware of, understand and accept
that increased boosting may be required to meet their hot water requirements.
Refer to
on page 23 for additional information on the selection of type of solar collectors for
this system.
INCLINATION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS
To help maximise system performance, solar collectors should be installed with an optimum inclination. This
is equal to 90% to 100% of the local latitude angle when collectors are oriented within 60° of true north or true
south, and between 10° and 20° when the collectors are oriented between 60° and 90° from the optimum
orientation.
Generally, improved summer performance is obtained from an angle of inclination less than the optimum angle
and improved winter performance is obtained by an angle of inclination greater than the optimum angle. If the
angle of inclination varies by 20° from the optimum angle, the solar collectors will receive about 10% less total
annual solar radiation. The
latitude of some Australian cities
are listed on page 37.
However, the optimum inclination of solar collectors is not always practical or achievable. Solar collectors may
be installed at the roof angle for simplicity of installation and appearance, but must never be flat for a pumped
solar open circuit water heater installation. Although the solar collectors can be installed with an inclination of
less than 10°, this is not advised.
The risks include:
the collector glass not 'self-cleaning', leading to dirty collector glass reducing solar performance,
condensation on the underside of the glass taking longer to clear,
condensation droplets falling onto the absorber plate potentially causing discolouration.
The collector kit is suitable for installations with an inclination of up to 45°. Where the solar collectors are
installed at inclinations greater than 45°, a With Pitch frame is necessary. Refer to your local Solar Distributor
for details.
A Variable Pitch frame can be installed to increase the angle of inclination of the collectors used in a solar
Loline water heater installation. This type of frame should be used if the roof pitch either varies by more than
20° from the optimum angle or is less than 10°.
The use of a Variable Pitch frame should be discussed with the system owner. If this option is neither possible
nor acceptable to the system owner, then the system owner needs to be made aware of, understand and
accept that increased boosting may be required to meet their hot water requirements.
CYCLONIC OR HIGH WIND AREAS
For an installation of solar collectors on a pitched roof in a cyclonic or high wind area, a suitable With Pitch
frame is required. Refer to your local Solar Distributor for details.
The installation of these solar collectors on a suitable frame, subject to the frame’s design criteria not being
exceeded:
may be suitable for installation in geographic locations up to and within Wind Region D (With Pitch frame)
or up to and within Wind Region C (Variable Pitch frame), as defined in the Building Code of Australia,
Australian / New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170.2:2011 and the Australian Standard AS 4055-2012, or
equivalent location, and
may provide an acceptable method of installation where it is necessary to satisfy the requirements of the
Building Code of Australia and AS/NZS 3500.4:2003 Clause 6.5.3.4 for high wind areas, or equivalent
requirements.
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