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Chapter 6: Appendix
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6.3 Terms & Definitions
The following terms and definitions are used throughout this guide.
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“ASCII”: American Standard for Information Interchange. The standard code consisting of
7-bit coded characters (8 bits including parity check) used to exchange information
between data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment.
The ASCII set contains control characters and graphic characters.
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“Aspect ratio”: The relationship of the horizontal dimension to the vertical dimension of an
image. In viewing screens, standard TV is 4:3, or 1.33:1; HDTV is 16:9, or 1.78:1. Sometimes
the “:1” is implicit, making TV = 1.33 and HDTV = 1.78.
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“AV”: Audio visual, or audio video.
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A “Background” is an unscaled source, typically originating from a computer. A background
source appears at the system’s lowest priority — visually in back of all other sources. The
abbreviation is “BK” in user manual.
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“Baudrate”: Named of J.M.E. Baudot, the inventor of the Baudot telegraph code. The
number of the electrical oscillations per second, called baud rate. Related to, but not the
same as, transfer rate in bits per second (bps).
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“Blackburst”: The video waveform without the video elements. It includes the vertical sync,
horizontal sync, and the chroma burst information. Blackburst is used to synchronize video
equipment to align the video output. One signal is normally used to set up an entire video
system or facility. Sometimes it is called House sync.

“BNC”: Bayonet Neill-Concelman. A cable connector used extensively in television and
named for its inventors. A cylindrical bayonet connector that operates with a twist-locking
motion. To make the connection, align the two curved grooves in the collar of the male
connector with the two projections on the outside of the female collar, Press, and twist.
This allows the connector to lock into place without tools.

“Brightness”: Usually refers to the amount or intensity of video light produced on a screen
without regard to color. Sometimes called “black level.

“ CAT 5 ” : Category 5. Describes the network cabling standard that consists of four
unshielded twisted pairs of copper wire terminated by RJ-45 connectors. CAT 5 cabling
supports data rates up to 100 Mbps. CAT 5 is based on the EIA/TIA 568 Commercial
Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard.

“Color bars”: A standard test pattern of several basic colors (white, yellow, cyan, green,
magenta, red, blue, and black) as a reference for system alignment and testing. In NTSC
video, the most commonly used color bars are the SMPTE standard color bars. In PAL video,
the most commonly used color bars are eight full field bars. In the computer, the most
commonly used color bars are two rows of reversed color bars.

“Color burst”: In color TV systems, a burst of subcarrier frequency located on the back
porch of the composite video signal. This serves as a color synchronizing signal to establish
a frequency and phase reference for the chroma signal. Color burst is 3.58 MHz for NTSC
and 4.43 MHz for PAL.
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“Color temperature”: The color quality, expressed in degrees Kelvin(K), of a light source.
The higher the color temperature, the bluer the light. The lower the temperature, the
redder the light. Benchmark color temperature for the A/V industry include 5000°K, 6500°K,