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ELECTRICAL
10.16
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
NOTE:
This test is for Conventional Lead--acid
batteries only. Maintenance--Free batteries cannot be
opened.
A tool such as a Battery Hydrometer (
PN 2870836
)
can be used to measure electrolyte strength or
specific gravity.
As the battery goes through the
charge/discharge cycle, the electrolyte goes from a
heavy (more acidic) state at full charge to a light (more
water) state when discharged. The hydrometer can
measure state of charge and differences between
cells in a multi-cell battery. Readings of 1.270 or
greater should be observed in a fully charged battery.
Differences of more than .025 between the lowest and
highest cell readings indicate a need to replace the
battery.
Detail A
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
Battery Hydrometer (
PN 2870876
)
OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE
State of
charge
Conventional
Lead-acid
Maintenance
Free
100%
Charged
75% Charged
50% Charged
25% Charged
0% Charged
12.60V
12.40V
12.10V
11.90V
less than
11.80V
12.70V
12.50V
12.20V
12.0V
less than
11.9V
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
State of
charge*
Conventional
lead-acid
Maintenance
Free
100%
Charged
75% Charged
50% Charged
25% Charged
0% Charged
1.265
1.210
1.160
1.120
less than
1.100
n/a
* At 80
_
F
NOTE:
Subtract .01 from the specific gravity
reading when testing. At 40
_
F, add .01 to the specific
gravity.
LOAD TEST
CAUTION:
Remove spark plug high tension leads and
connect securely to engine ground before proceeding.
NOTE:
This test can only be performed on engines with
electric starters. This test cannot be performed with an
engine or starting system that is not working properly.
A battery may indicate a full charge condition in the OCV
test and the specific gravity test, but still may not have
the storage capacity necessary to properly function in
the electrical system. For this reason, a battery capacity
or load test should be conducted whenever poor battery
performance is encountered. To perform this test, hook
a multitester to the battery in the same manner as was
done in the OCV test. The reading should be 12.6 volts
or greater. Engage the electric starter and view the
registered battery voltage while cranking the engine.
Continue the test for 15 seconds. During this cranking
period, the observed voltage should not drop below 9.5
volts. If the beginning voltage is 12.6 volts or higher and
the cranking voltage drops below 9.5 volts during the
test, replace the battery.
OFF SEASON STORAGE
To prevent battery damage during extended periods
of non-use, the following basic battery maintenance
items must be performed:
G
Remove the battery from the machine and
wash the case and battery tray with a mild
solution of baking soda and water. Rinse
with fresh water after cleaning.
NOTE:
Do not get any baking soda into the
battery or the acid will be neutralized.
G
Using a wire brush, remove any corrosion
from the cables and terminals.
G
Make sure that the electrolyte is at the
proper level.
Add distilled water if
necessary.
G
Charge at a rate no greater than 1/10 of the
battery’s
amp/hr
capacity
until
the
electrolyte’s specific gravity reaches
1.270 (12.7 volts) or greater.
G
Store the battery either in the machine with
the cables disconnected or place the
batter on a piece of wood and store in a
cool place.
CHARGING PROCEDURE
Charge the battery with a charger no larger than 1/10
of the battery’s amp/hr rating for as many hours as
needed to raise the specific gravity to 1.270 or greater.
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