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MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the Ether Type field. When a packet's 

Ether Type field is equal to 0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained 

in the following two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI - 

used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones), and 12 

bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is 

used by the 802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLAN can be identified. 

The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4 octets. All of the 

information originally contained in the packet is retained. 

 

802.1Q Tag 

User Priority 

CFI 

VLAN ID (VID) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 bits   

1 bits   

12 bits 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) 

TCI (Tag Control Information) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 

bytes   2 

bytes 

 

Preamble Destination 

Address 

Source 

Address 

VLAN TAG 

Ethernet 

Type 

Data FCS 

 

 

 

6 bytes 

6 bytes 

 

4 bytes 

2 bytes 

    46-1517 bytes 

  4 bytes 

The Ether Type and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before the original Ether 

Type/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, the 

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be recalculated. 

Adding an IEEE802.1Q Tag 

Dest. Addr. 

Src. Addr. 

Length/E. type 

Data 

Old CRC 

 

Dest. Addr. 

Src. Addr. 

E. type 

Tag 

Length/E. type 

Data 

New CRC 

 

Priority CFI

VLAN 

ID

New Tagged Packet

Original Ethernet 

 

Port VLAN ID 

Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one 802.1Q 

compliant network device to another with the VLAN information intact. This allows 802.1Q VLAN to span 

network devices (and indeed, the entire network – if all network devices are 802.1Q compliant). 

Every physical port on a switch has a PVID. 802.1Q ports are also assigned a PVID, for use within the 

switch. If no VLAN are defined on the switch, all ports are then assigned to a default VLAN with a PVID 

equal to 1. Untagged packets are assigned the PVID of the port on which they were received. Forwarding 

Содержание WGSW-2840

Страница 1: ...24 48 Port 10 100Mbps 4G TP SFP Combo Managed Ethernet Switch WGSW 2840 WGSW 5240 User s Manual ...

Страница 2: ...ing or incomplete we would appreciate your comments and suggestions FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can ra...

Страница 3: ...2 Rack Mounting 10 3 CONSOLE MANAGEMENT 12 3 1 CONNECTING TO THE SWITCH 12 3 2 LOGIN IN THE CONSOLE INTERFACE 12 3 3 CONSOLE MANAGEMENT 13 3 4 TELNET LOGIN 14 3 5 COMMANDS 14 3 5 1 First level commands 14 3 5 2 Privileged Command 15 4 WEB BASED MANAGEMENT 20 4 1 ABOUT WEB BASED MANAGEMENT 20 4 2 PREPARING FOR WEB MANAGEMENT 20 4 3 SYSTEM LOGIN 20 4 4 SYSTEM 21 4 4 1 IP Configuration 21 4 4 2 SNMP ...

Страница 4: ...arning 50 4 7 5 MAC Address Aging Time 51 4 8 QOS 52 4 8 1 Understand QOS 52 4 8 2 QOS Configuration 53 4 9 MULTICAST 58 4 9 1 IGMP Snooping 58 4 9 2 Static Routing Port 60 4 10 PORT ANALYSIS 60 4 10 1 Port Analysis 60 4 10 2 Port Mirror 61 4 11 STORM CONTROL 62 5 TROUBLE SHOOTING 63 5 1 INCORRECT CONNECTIONS 63 5 1 1 Faulty or loose cables 63 5 1 2 Non standard cables 63 5 1 3 Improper Network To...

Страница 5: ...e chapter explains the functions of the Switch and how to physically install the Switch Chapter 3 CONSOLE MANAGEMENT The chapter explains how to manage the switch by Console interface Chapter 4 WEB BASED MANAGEMENT The chapter explains how to manage the switch by Web interface Chapter 5 TROUBLE SHOOTING The chapter explains how to trouble shooting of the Switch Chapter 6 APPENDIX The chapter conta...

Страница 6: ...0Base TX 48 Port RJ 45 for 10 100Base TX Network Connector 4 Port Gigabit TP SFP mini GBIC combo interfaces RS 232 connector One RS 232 DB 9 male connector for switch management Switch architecture Store and forward switch architecture Switch Fabric Back plan up to 12 8 17 6Gbps MAC address 8K MAC address table with Auto learning function Shared Buffer 4Mbit 7Mbit Power requirement 90 240V AC 50 6...

Страница 7: ...private MIB Standard Compliance Network Standard IEEE802 3 10Base T IEEE802 3u 100Base TX IEEE802 3z Gigabit SX LX IEE802 3ab Gigabit 1000Base T IEEE802 3x Flow Control and Back pressure IEEE802 3ad Port trunk with LACP IEEE802 1d Spanning tree protocol IEEE802 1w Rapid Spanning Tree IEEE802 1p Class of service IEEE802 1Q VLAN Tagging EMI FCC Class A CE ...

Страница 8: ...re switch or Servers The IEEE 802 standard based firmware provides a rich set of features and ensures interoperability with equipment from other vendors Additionally the firmware includes advanced features such as IGMP snooping broadcast storm control and MAC address filtering to enhance security and bandwidth utilization With its built in web based management the PLANET WGSW 2840 WGSW 5240 offers...

Страница 9: ...ving data over that port 2 1 4 Switch Rear Panel Figure 2 2 shows the rear panel of the switch Figure 2 3 WGSW 2840 rear panel Figure 2 4 WGSW 5240 rear panel Power Notice 1 The device is a power required device it means it will not work till it is powered If your networks should active all the time please consider using UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply for your device It will prevent you from netwo...

Страница 10: ...s UTP Category 5 network cabling with RJ 45 tips For more information please see the Cabling Specification in Appendix A Step5 Supply power to the switch A Connect one end of the power cable to the switch B Connect the power plug of the power cable to a standard wall outlet When the switch receives power the Power LED should remain solid Green 2 2 2 Rack Mounting To install the switch in a 19 inch...

Страница 11: ...ts are attached to the Switch use suitable screws to securely attach the brackets to the rack as shown in Figure 2 6 Figure 2 6 Mounting the Switch in a Rack Step6 Proceeds with the steps 4 and steps 5 of session 2 2 1 Desktop Installation to connect the network cabling and supply power to the switch ...

Страница 12: ...h for remote terminal as if the console terminal were directly connected to it 3 2 Login in the Console Interface When the connection between Switch and PC is ready turn on the PC and run a terminal emulation program or Hyper Terminal and configure its communication parameters to match the following default characteristics of the console port Baud Rate 9600 bps Data Bits 8 Parity none Stop Bit 1 F...

Страница 13: ...mmand the system asks for password please enter admin for the default password As shows in the following screen Console login screen 3 3 Console Management Entering a question mark at the prompt displays the list of commands available for command mode As shows in the following screen The question mark command ...

Страница 14: ...snooping information show ip http server Show http server information show ip telnet server Show telnet server information show mirror Show mirror information show multicast router Show multicast router port information show port counter Show port counter information show port rate shaping Show port ingress and egress rate shaping show port spantree Show spantree information on ports show port sta...

Страница 15: ...Clear command Clear command is to clear the parameter The follow table lists the clear commands and the equivalent usages Command Description clear channel Clear member from channel clear mirror monitored port egress Clear egress monitored port for mirror clear mirror monitored port ingress Clear ingress monitored port for mirror clear multicast router Clear router port clear port counters Clear p...

Страница 16: ... Clear static MAC entry clear snmp community Clear snmp community entry clear snmp trap Clear snmp trap management host clear spantree root Restore spanning tree parameters clear trunk Clear trunk port from vlans clear vlan Clear member from vlan 3 5 2 2 Copy command Once the configuration is changed it remains the original after a reboot unless the configuration is saved Copy command is to save t...

Страница 17: ...router Set multicst router port set password Set the password for telnet set port disable Disable a port set port duplex Set port transmission type set port enable Enable a port set port flow control Set port traffic flowcontrol set port rate shaping egress Set port egress rate shaping rate set port rate shaping ingress Set port ingress rate shaping rate set port rate shaping egress Set port egres...

Страница 18: ...t system ip mask set system location Set system location set system mac Set system mac address set system management vlan Specify a vlan for system management set system name Set system name set trunk Set vlan trunk port set vlan vid name Set vlan name set vlan vlan id portlist Set vlan members set vlan type port based Set system be port based vlan set vlan type dot1q based Set system be dot1q bas...

Страница 19: ...p mac cos map show qos map port cos map Show each port s cos show qos map vlan cos map Show qos map vlan cos map show qos queue egress policy Show qos queue egress policy show security MAC aging Show MAC aging time show security filter MAC Show MAC filter entry show security mac learning Show port security status show security static MAC Show static mac table information show snmp Show snmp inform...

Страница 20: ...r has to explicitly modify the browser setting to enable Java Applets to use network ports 4 2 Preparing for Web Management Before use web management you can use console to login the Switch checking the default IP of the Switch Please refer to Console Management Chapter for console login If you need change IP address in first time you can use console mode to modify it The default value is as below...

Страница 21: ... switch The default IP address of the switch is 192 168 0 100 You can change the IP address to be in the same IP segment as your LAN network for convinence To change the IP address click on the System IP Address menu button The IP address configuration screen then shows in the main page on the web Enter the new IP address Submask and Gateway then click on the OK button to change IP Address Configu...

Страница 22: ...ions NMSs Sometimes called consoles these devices execute management applications that monitor and control network elements Physically NMSs are usually engineering workstation caliber computers with fast CPUs megapixel color displays substantial memory and abundant disk space At least one NMS must be present in each managed environment Agents Agents are software modules that reside in network elem...

Страница 23: ...pond to requests from management stations that do not belong to one of its communities SNMP default communities are Write private Read public 4 2 2 2 SNMP Configuration To configure SNMP management click on System SNMP menu button and the web main page changes to the SNMP Management function as shows in the following The followings are the description of the sub table 1 SNMP Agent Status Configura...

Страница 24: ... 3 Community Configuration Use this table to configure the SNMP community strings and define the policy of the relative string The community string acts like a password to permit access to the agent on the Switch One or more of the following characteristics can be associated with the community string Add Community enter private or public Chooses community strings for the Switch management access r...

Страница 25: ...itch If no trap manager is defined no traps are issued Create a trap manager by entering the IP address of the station and a community string Enter Network management stations IP address 192 168 0 53 for example Trap Community must be the same string as Add community Then click on Add button The Current Management Stations field shows the trap list ...

Страница 26: ... parameters for the Console Management Interface Click on the System CONSOLE menu button and the following table shows in the main page of the web 4 4 5 System Upgrade This function allows performing firmware update from the web interface Click on the System System Upgrade menu button and the following table shows in the main page of the web Click on the Browse button of the main page the system w...

Страница 27: ...after reboot the swith To keep the changed parameters Click on the System Saving Parameters menu button and click on the Save button on the web main page as show in the following 4 4 7 Parameters Backup Recovery This function is to backup the running configuration to the workstation and to restore the configuration you had saved in the workstation Click on the System Backup Recovering menu button ...

Страница 28: ...Browse button in the Parameters Recovery table A pop up window would direct you to upload the configuration file 4 4 8 Load Default This function is to reset the configuration of switch to the factory default Click on the System Load Default menu button and the following table shows in the web main page CAUTION This operation will result in all the parameters losing 4 4 9 Reboot This function is t...

Страница 29: ...is not connectd Speed Shows the negotiation mode and the running speed on the port Duplex Displays full duplex or half duplex mode Flow Control Display Flow status of port Enable or Disable Disable indicates Flow control is off Auto Display which mode the port is auto negotiated Config configured Displays the state defined by the user Atual Displays the negotiation result 4 5 2 Port Statistics The...

Страница 30: ... The Band of the connection speed rangs from 64Kbps to 80000Kbps Ingress Port List Egress Port List field can be filled in distinct number or a port range For example you can fill with 1 3 for port 1 and port 3 and 3 5 for port 3 to port 5 Band 64 80000Kbps field can be filled with any number between 64 and 80000 ...

Страница 31: ...the default values The Switch STP performs the following functions Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging elements Creates multiple spanning trees from any combination of ports contained within a single switch in user specified groups Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure addition or removal of any element in the tree Recon...

Страница 32: ...s through a network This propagation delay can result in topology changes where a port that transitioned directly from a Blocking state to a Forwarding state could create temporary data loops Ports must wait for new network topology information to propagate throughout the network before starting to forward packets They must also wait for the packet lifetime to expire for BPDU packets that were for...

Страница 33: ...ed ports until the forwarding state is enabled for that port 2 STP Parameters STP Operation Levels The Switch allows for two levels of operation the switch level and the port level The switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or more switches The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or more ports The STP operates in much the same way for both ...

Страница 34: ...eturn the port to the blocking state 15 seconds The following are the user configurable STP parameters for the port or port group level Variable Description Default Value Port Priority A relative priority for each port lower numbers give a higher priority and a greater chance of a given port being elected as the root port 32768 Port Cost A value used by STP to evaluate paths STP calculates path co...

Страница 35: ...Priority can be from 0 to 255 The lower the number the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the Root Port Port Cost A Port Cost can be set from 0 to 65535 The lower the number the greater the probability the port will be chosen to forward packets 3 Illustration of STP A simple illustration of three switches connected in a loop is depicted in Figure 5 7 In this example you can anticip...

Страница 36: ...oot Bridge Port 3 Port 1 Port 2 A Designated Bridge Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 C Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 B LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3 Designated Port Root Port Root Port Designated Port Blocked After Applying the STA Rules The switch with the lowest Bridge ID switch C was elected the root bridge and the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C The two optional Gigabit ports default port...

Страница 37: ... allows configuring the spanning tree parameters Rapid Spanning Tree Status The spanning tree function of the switch is default disabled This field enables to turn on the spanning tree on the switch Force Protocol Version 0 for IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree 2 for IEEE 802 1W Rapid Spanning Tree Max Age 6 40 sec the default setting is 20 Hello Time 1 10sec the default setting is 2 Forward Delay 4 30 se...

Страница 38: ... a single dedicated connection between any two the Switch or other Layer 2 switches However before making any physical connections between devices use the Link aggregation Configuration menu to specify the link aggregation on the devices at both ends When using a port link aggregation note that The ports used in a link aggregation must all be of the same media type RJ 45 100 Mbps fiber The ports t...

Страница 39: ...02 1p Priority Priority tagging is a function defined by the IEEE 802 1p standard designed to provide a means of managing traffic on a network where many different types of data may be transmitted simultaneously It is intended to alleviate problems associated with the delivery of time critical data over congested networks The quality of applications that are dependent on such time critical data su...

Страница 40: ... is employed on the Switch to determine the rate at which the queues a emptied of packets The ratio used for clearing the queues is 4 1 This means th Remember the priority queue settings on the Switch are for all ports and all devices connected to the Switch will be affected This priority queuing system wi VLAN Description A Virtual Local Area Network VLAN is a network topology configured accordin...

Страница 41: ...will only be forwarded to the stations over IEEE 802 1Q enabled switches that are members of that VLAN and this includes broadcast multicast and unicast packets from unknown sources VLAN can also provide a level of security to your network IEEE 802 1Q VLAN will only deliver packets between stations that are members of the VLAN Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging The untagging...

Страница 42: ...rce Address VLAN TAG Ethernet Type Data FCS 6 bytes 6 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 46 1517 bytes 4 bytes The Ether Type and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address but before the original Ether Type Length or Logical Link Control Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally the Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC must be recalculated Adding an IEEE802 1Q Tag Dest Addr Src Addr Length E...

Страница 43: ...to a tag unaware device the packet should be untagged If the transmitting port is connected to a tag aware device the packet should be tagged Default VLANs The Switch initially configures one VLAN VID 1 called default The factory default setting assigns all ports on the Switch to the default As new VLAN are configured in Port based mode their respective member ports are removed from the default VL...

Страница 44: ...member ports for the VLAN 4 Click the OK button to add the VLAN 5 Select the ports in the Port List field and click on the Add button to add the member ports to the VLAN The selected VLAN member then shows in the VLAN Member field 6 Click on the Close button and back to the Port based VLAN main page The Show VLAN Member button is to list the valid VLANs You can also remove the added VALN by click ...

Страница 45: ... Remember that the PVID is only used internally within the Switch Untagging is used to send packets from an 802 1Q compliant network device to a non compliant network device Here pay attention to the explainion of Access and Trunk Access Ports will strip the 802 1Q tag from all packets that out of those ports If the packet doesn t have an 802 1Q VLAN tag the port will not alter the packet Thus all...

Страница 46: ...e VLAN group or the untagged traffic will be dropped 1 Select 802 1Q VLAN in the VLAN Type field and click on the OK button The main page then changes to the 802 1Q VLAN table which displays the VLAN configuration of each port 2 If you want to configure port 2 to be in a VLAN other than default VLAN Double click on port2 to enter into VLAN port configuration window ...

Страница 47: ...D that will be assigned to untagged traffic on a given port This feature is useful for accommodating devices that you want to participate in the VLAN but that don t support tagging 5 Trunk configuration If the Trunk type is chosen please follow the steps to set the Trunk of the port 5 1 Add and define the names and VIDs for new VLANs The VID number ranges from 2 to 4094 Fill the VID field and the ...

Страница 48: ...d back to the 802 1Q main page 5 5 Click on the Show VLAN Members button to show the VLAN members 5 6 As shows in the following screen 4 7 2 MAC Address Bind This function is based upon for the switch security When you add one MAC Address is bind with one port It remains in the switch s address table regardless of whether the device is physically connected to the switch This saves the switch from ...

Страница 49: ...xx xx xx and choose the port to bind the MAC Address in the Port field 2 Click on the Add button 3 To remove the MAC Address binded by the port Simply click on the Delete button of the MAC Address in the Show MAC Address Table 4 7 3 MAC Address Filtering MAC address filtering allows the switch to drop unwanted traffic Traffic is filtered based on the destination addresses To filter the MAC Address...

Страница 50: ...C Address in the Current Filtering MAC Table 4 7 4 MAC Address Learning The switch is able to disable MAC Address learning function on ports 1 Fill the Port List field in the MAC Address Learning table and select Enable Disable in the MAC Address Learning field 2 Click on the OK button to save ...

Страница 51: ...s that are out of date or no longer exist This may cause incorrect packet forward indecisions by the Switch If the Aging Time is too short however many entries may be aged out too soon This will result in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the forwarding table in which case the switch will broadcast the packet to all ports negating many of the benefits ...

Страница 52: ...for specific types of traffic and preserve performance as the amount of traffic grows Reduce the need to constantly add bandwidth to the network Manage network congestion QoS Terminology Classifier classifies the traffic on the network Traffic classifications are determined by protocol application source destination and so on You can create and modify classifications The Switch then groups classif...

Страница 53: ...priority levels to classify data packets In 802 1p compliant devices a tag inserted into the packet header is used to identify the priority level of data packets The Switch supports four kinds of Traffic classifiers 802 1P Port MAC VLANs and four queues NOTE COS Priority classifiers of the Switch forward packet COS range is from 0 to 7 Seven is the high class Zero is the less class The user may co...

Страница 54: ...o Traffic classifiers 1 Fill the VID 1 2094 field in the VLAN CoS Mapping Table 2 Fill the mapping number in the CoS 0 7 field 3 Click on the OK button to save 4 To remove the VLAN CoS mapping item simply click on the Delete button in the Show VLAN CoS Mapping table ...

Страница 55: ...E 802 1p Priority specification uses 8 priority levels to classify data packets In 802 1p compliant devices a tag inserted into the packet header is used to identify the priority level of data packets 1 Fill the 802 1p Priority 0 7 field in the 802 1p priority CoS Mapping Configuration Table 2 Fill the mapping number in the CoS 0 7 field 3 Click on the OK button to save ...

Страница 56: ...e g 1 3 7 field in the port based QoS Configuration Table 2 Fill the mapping number in the CoS 0 7 field 3 Click on the OK button to save 5 COS Queue Mapping 1 Fill the CoS 0 7 field in the CoS Queue Mapping Configuration Table 2 Fill the mapping number in the Queue 0 3 field 3 Click on the OK button to save ...

Страница 57: ...eue Weighted Round Robin WRR and Always Hight To configure Queue Rule select the Queue Policy drop down menu in the Queue Rule Configuration table And Click on the OK button to save If the WRR was chosen as the Queue Policy the page would show in the main page ...

Страница 58: ...sub network packets will not be forwarded to that sub network in or leave at any time IGMP provides the method for members and rs to communicate when joining or leaving a multicast group IGMP version 1 is defined in RFC 1112 It has a fixed packet size and no optional data The format of an IGMP packet is shown below IGMP Message Format he using IGMP to see if there IGMP Versions 1 and 2 Multicast g...

Страница 59: ...router assumes that there are no grou The Time to Live TTL field of query other sub networks IGMP version 2 introduces some enhancements such as a method to elect a multicast queried for each LAN an explicit leave message and query messages that are specific to a given group The states a computer will go through to join or t Non Member Delaying Member Idle Member Leave Group Leave Group Stop Timer...

Страница 60: ...this fill the Port List field and the VID field for the static routing and click on the Add button to save 4 10 Port Analysis ysis network malfunction 4 10 1 Port Anal This function shows the statistical information of each port it helps to diagnose the The following example shows the statistic table of port 6 ...

Страница 61: ...er it if necessary Configuring the port mirroring by assigning a source port from which to copy all packets and a sniffer port where those packets will be sent Capture Port Use this option to select the destination port for monitored traffic This is the port that your network analyzer would be connected to Ingress Port Duplicate the date transmitted from the source port and forward it to the Captu...

Страница 62: ...he web main page then shows the Strom Restricting function table 1 Fill the Port List field in the Broadcast Storm Restricting table select the type in the Restricting Type drop down menu and enter the packet size in the Flow field 2 Click on the OK button to save 3 To remove the Storm Restricting function on the port simpy click on the Delete button in the Show Port Restricting Table table ...

Страница 63: ...nce A category 5 cable tester is a recommended tool for every 100Base T network installation 5 1 3 Improper Network Topologies It is important to make sure that you have a valid network topology Common topology faults include excessive cable length and too many repeaters hubs between end nodes In addition you should make sure that your network topology contains no data path loops Between any two e...

Страница 64: ...UTP or shield twisted pair STP cable for RJ 45 connections 100Ω Category 3 4 or 5 cable for 10Mbps connections or 100Ω Category 5 cable for 100Mbps connections Also be sure that the length of any twisted pair connection does not exceed 100 meters 328 feet ...

Страница 65: ...in assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables DB 9 Console Port Pin Numbers DB 9 Port Pin Assignments EIA Circuit CCITT Signal Description Switch s DB9 DTE Pin PC DB9 DTE Pin BB 104 RxD Received Data 2 2 BA 103 TxD Transmitted Data 3 3 AB 102 SGND Signal Ground 5 5 Console Port to 9 Pin DTE Port on PC Switch s 9 Pin Serial Port CCITT Signal PC s 9 Pin DTE P...

Страница 66: ...of the wires that make up each wire pair All ports itch automati operation yo raight t all network connections to PCs or servers or to other switches or hubs In straight through cable pins 1 2 3 and 6 at one end of cabl ght through to pi 1 2 3 and 6 at the other end of the cable table w sho SE TX MDI and MDI X port pin outs on this sw support c MDI MDI X u can use st hrough cables for the e are co...

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