Pioneer BDP-LX52, Руководство по эксплуатации

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It a pp ea r s that the a r ithmetic coding o p tion of the JPEG
s p ec is cove r ed by p atents owned by IBM, AT&T, and
Mitsubishi. Hence a r ithmetic coding cannot legally be
used without obtaining one o r mo r e licenses. Fo r this
r eason, su pp o r t fo r a r ithmetic coding has been r emoved
f r om the f r ee JPEG softwa r e. (Since a r ithmetic coding
pr ovides only a ma r ginal gain ove r the un p atented Huffman
mode, it is unlikely that ve r y many im p lementations will
su pp o r t it.) So fa r as we a r e awa r e, the r e a r e no p atent
r est r ictions on the r emaining code.
The IJG dist r ibution fo r me r ly included code to r ead and
w r ite GIF files. To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW
p atent, GIF r eading su pp o r t has been r emoved altogethe r ,
and the GIF w r ite r has been sim p lified to pr oduce
uncom pr essed GIFs. This technique does not use the LZW
algo r ithm; the r esulting GIF files a r e la r ge r than usual, but
a r e r eadable by all standa r d GIF decode r s.
We a
r
e
r
equi
r
ed to state that
“The G r a p hics Inte r change Fo r mat(c) is the Co p y r ight
pr o p e r ty of Com p uSe r ve Inco rp o r ated. GIF(sm) is a
Se r vice Ma r k pr o p e r ty of Com p uSe r ve Inco rp o r ated.”
REFERENCES
We highly
r ecommend r eading one o r mo r e of these
r efe r ences befo r e t r ying to unde r stand the inna r ds of the
JPEG softwa r e.
The best sho r t technical int r oduction to the JPEG
com pr ession algo r ithm is
Wallace, G r ego r y K. “The JPEG Still Pictu r e Com pr ession
Standa r d”,
Communications of the ACM, A pr il 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4),
pp . 30-44.
(Adjacent a r ticles in that issue discuss MPEG motion
p ictu r e com pr ession, a pp lications of JPEG, and r elated
to p ics.) If you don’t have the CACM issue handy, a
PostSc r i p t file containing a r evised ve r sion of Wallace’s
a r ticle is available at ft p ://ft p .uu.net/g r a p hics/j p eg/
wallace.
p
s.gz. The file (actually a
pr
e
pr
int fo
r
an a
r
ticle that
a pp ea r ed in IEEE T r ans. Consume r Elect r onics) omits the
sam p le images that a pp ea r ed in CACM, but it includes
co rr ections and some added mate r ial. Note: the Wallace
a r ticle is co p y r ight ACM and IEEE, and it may not be used
fo r comme r cial p u rp oses.
A somewhat less technical, mo r e leisu r ely int r oduction to
JPEG can be found in The Data Com pr ession Book by Ma r k
Nelson and Jean-lou p Gailly, p ublished by M&T Books (New
Yo r k), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book pr ovides
good ex p lanations and exam p le C code fo r a multitude of
com pr ession methods including JPEG. It is an excellent
sou r ce if you a r e comfo r table r eading C code but don’t
know much about data com pr ession in gene r al. The book’s
JPEG sam p le code is fa r f r om indust r ial-st r ength, but when
you a r e r eady to look at a full im p lementation, you’ve got
one he
r
e...
The best full desc r i p tion of JPEG is the textbook “JPEG Still
Image Data Com pr ession Standa r d” by William B.
Pennebake r and Joan L. Mitchell, p ublished by Van
Nost r and Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. P r ice
US$59.95, 638 pp . The book includes the com p lete text of
the ISO JPEG standa r ds (DIS 10918-1 and d r aft DIS 10918-
2). This is by fa r the most com p lete ex p osition of JPEG in
existence, and we highly r ecommend it.
The JPEG standa r d itself is not available elect r onically; you
must o r de r a p a p e r co p y th r ough ISO o r ITU. (Unless you
feel a need to own a ce r tified official co p y, we r ecommend
buying the Pennebake r and Mitchell book instead; it’s
much chea p e r and includes a g r eat deal of useful
ex p lanato r y mate r ial.) In the USA, co p ies of the standa r d
may be o r de r ed f r om ANSI Sales at (212) 642-4900, o r f r om
Global Enginee
r
ing Documents at (800) 854-7179. (ANSI
doesn’t take c r edit ca r d o r de r s, but Global does.) It’s not
chea p : as of 1992, ANSI was cha r ging $95 fo r Pa r t 1 and $47
fo r Pa r t 2, p lus 7% shi pp ing/handling. The standa r d is
divided into two p a r ts, Pa r t 1 being the actual s p ecification,
while Pa r t 2 cove r s com p liance testing methods. Pa r t 1 is
titled “Digital Com pr ession and Coding of Continuous-tone
Still Images, Pa r t 1: Requi r ements and guidelines” and has
document numbe r s ISO/IEC IS 10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Pa r t 2 is
titled “Digital Com pr ession and Coding of Continuous-tone
Still Images, Pa r t 2: Com p liance testing” and has
document numbe r s ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83.
Some extensions to the o r iginal JPEG standa r d a r e defined
in JPEG Pa r t 3, a newe r ISO standa r d numbe r ed ISO/IEC IS
10918-3 and ITU-T T.84. IJG cu rr ently does not su pp o r t any
Pa r t 3 extensions.
The JPEG standa r d does not s p ecify all details of an
inte r changeable file fo r mat. Fo r the omitted details we
follow the “JFIF” conventions, r evision 1.02. A co p y of the
JFIF s p ec is available f r om:
Lite r atu r e De p a r tment
C-Cube Mic r osystems, Inc.
1778 McCa r thy Blvd.
Mil p itas, CA 95035
p hone (408) 944-6300, fax (408) 944-6314
A PostSc r i p t ve r sion of this document is available by FTP at
ft p ://ft p .uu.net/g r a p hics/j p eg/jfif. p s.gz. The r e is also a p lain
text ve r sion at ft p ://ft p .uu.net/g r a p hics/j p eg/jfif.txt.gz, but it
is missing the figu
r
es.
The TIFF 6.0 file fo r mat s p ecification can be obtained by FTP
f r om ft p ://ft p .sgi.com/g r a p hics/tiff/TIFF6. p s.gz. The JPEG
inco rp o r ation scheme found in the TIFF 6.0 s p ec of 3-June-
92 has a numbe r of se r ious pr oblems. IJG does not
r ecommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Com pr ession
tag 6). Instead, we r ecommend the JPEG design pr o p osed
by TIFF Technical Note #2 (Com pr ession tag 7). Co p ies of
this Note can be obtained f r om ft p .sgi.com o r f r om ft p ://
ft p .uu.net/g r a p hics/j p eg/. It is ex p ected that the next
r evision of the TIFF s p ec will r e p lace the 6.0 JPEG design
with the Note’s design. Although IJG’s own code does not
su
pp o r t TIFF/JPEG, the f r ee libtiff lib r a r y uses ou r lib r a r y to
im p lement TIFF/JPEG p e r the Note. libtiff is available f r om
ft p ://ft p .sgi.com/g r a p hics/tiff/.
ARCHIVE LOCATIONS
The “official” a
r
chive site fo
r
this softwa
r
e is ft
p
.uu.net
(Inte r net add r ess 192.48.96.9). The most r ecent r eleased
ve r sion can always be found the r e in di r ecto r y g r a p hics/
j p eg. This p a r ticula r ve r sion will be a r chived as ft p ://
ft p .uu.net/g r a p hics/j p eg/j p egs r c.v6b.ta r .gz. If you don’t
have di r ect Inte r net access, UUNET’s a r chives a r e also
available via UUCP; contact hel p @uunet.uu.net fo r
info r mation on r et r ieving files that way.
Nume r ous Inte r net sites maintain co p ies of the UUNET
files. Howeve r , only ft p .uu.net is gua r anteed to have the
latest official ve r sion.
You can also obtain this softwa r e in DOS-com p atible “zi p ”
a r chive fo r mat f r om the SimTel a r chives (ft p ://
ft p .simtel.net/ p ub/simtelnet/msdos/g r a p hics/), o r on
Com p uSe r ve in the G r a p hics Su pp o r t fo r um (GO
CIS:GRAPHSUP), lib r a r y 12 JPEG Tools. Again, these
ve r sions may sometimes lag behind the ft p .uu.net r elease.
The JPEG FAQ (F r equently Asked Questions) a r ticle is a
useful sou r ce of gene r al info r mation about JPEG. It is
u
p
dated constantly and the
r
efo
r
e is not included in this
dist r ibution. The FAQ is p osted eve r y two weeks to Usenet
newsg r ou p s com p .g r a p hics.misc, news.answe r s, and
othe r g r ou p s. It is available on the Wo r ld Wide Web at htt p :/
/www.faqs.o r g/faqs/j p eg-faq/ and othe r news.answe r s
a r chive sites, including the official news.answe r s a r chive at
r tfm.mit.edu: ft p :// r tfm.mit.edu/ p ub/usenet/news.answe r s/
j p eg-faq/. If you don’t have Web o r FTP access, send e-mail
to mail-se r ve r @ r tfm.mit.edu with body
send usenet/news.answe r s/j p eg-faq/ p a r t1
send usenet/news.answe r s/j p eg-faq/ p a r t2
RELATED SOFTWARE
Nume
r ous viewing and image mani p ulation pr og r ams now
su pp o r t JPEG. (Quite a few of them use this lib r a r y to do so.)
The JPEG FAQ desc r ibed above lists some of the mo r e
p o p ula r f r ee and sha r ewa r e viewe r s, and tells whe r e to
obtain them on Inte
r
net.
If you a r e on a Unix machine, we highly r ecommend Jef
Poskanze r ’s f r ee PBMPLUS softwa r e, which pr ovides many
useful o p e r ations on PPM-fo r mat image files. In p a r ticula r ,
it can conve r t PPM images to and f r om a wide r ange of
othe r fo r mats, thus making cj p eg/dj p eg conside r ably mo r e
useful. The latest ve r sion is dist r ibuted by the NetPBM
g r ou p , and is available f r om nume r ous sites, notably ft p ://
wua r chive.wustl.edu/g r a p hics/g r a p hics/ p ackages/
NetPBM/. Unfo r tunately PBMPLUS/NETPBM is not nea r ly
as p o r table as the IJG softwa r e is; you a r e likely to have
difficulty making it wo r k on any non-Unix machine.
A diffe r ent f r ee JPEG im p lementation, w r itten by the PVRG
g r ou p at Stanfo r d, is available f r om ft p ://
havefun.stanfo r d.edu/ p ub/j p eg/. This pr og r am is designed
fo r r esea r ch and ex p e r imentation r athe r than pr oduction
use; it is slowe
r
, ha
r
de
r
to use, and less
p
o
r
table than the
IJG code, but it is easie r to r ead and modify. Also, the PVRG
code su pp o r ts lossless JPEG, which we do not. (On the
othe r hand, it doesn’t do pr og r essive JPEG.)
FILE FORMAT WARS
Some JPEG
pr og r ams pr oduce files that a r e not com p atible
with ou r lib r a r y. The r oot of the pr oblem is that the ISO
JPEG committee failed to s p ecify a conc r ete file fo r mat.
Some vendo r s “filled in the blanks” on thei r own, c r eating
pr o pr ieta r y fo r mats that no one else could r ead. (Fo r
exam p le, none of the ea r ly comme r cial JPEG
im p lementations fo r the Macintosh we r e able to exchange
com pr essed files.)
The file fo r mat we have ado p ted is called JFIF (see
REFERENCES). This fo r mat has been ag r eed to by a
numbe r of majo r comme r cial JPEG vendo r s, and it has
become the de facto standa r d. JFIF is a minimal o r “low
end” r e pr esentation. We r ecommend the use of TIFF/JPEG
(TIFF r evision 6.0 as modified by TIFF Technical Note #2) fo r
“high end” a
pp
lications that need to
r
eco
r
d a lot of
additional data about an image. TIFF/JPEG is fai r ly new and
not yet widely su pp o r ted, unfo r tunately.
The u p coming JPEG Pa r t 3 standa r d defines a file fo r mat
called SPIFF. SPIFF is inte r o p e r able with JFIF, in the sense
that most JFIF decode r s should be able to r ead the most
common va r iant of SPIFF. SPIFF has some technical
advantages ove r JFIF, but its majo r claim to fame is sim p ly
that it is an official standa r d r athe r than an info r mal one. At
this p oint it is unclea r whethe r SPIFF will su p e r sede JFIF o r
whethe r JFIF will r emain the de-facto standa r d. IJG intends
to su pp o r t SPIFF once the standa r d is f r ozen, but we have
not decided whethe r it should become ou r default out p ut
fo r mat o r not. (In any case, ou r decode r will r emain ca p able
of r eading JFIF indefinitely.)
Va r ious pr o pr ieta r y file fo r mats inco rp o r ating JPEG
com pr ession also exist. We have little o r no sym p athy fo r
the existence of these fo r mats. Indeed, one of the o r iginal
r easons fo r develo p ing this f r ee softwa r e was to hel p fo r ce
conve r gence on common, o p en fo r mat standa r ds fo r JPEG
files. Don’t use a pr o pr ieta r y file fo r mat!
TO DO
The majo
r th r ust fo r v7 will pr obably be im pr ovement of
visual quality. The cu rr ent method fo r scaling the
quantization tables is known not to be ve r y good at low Q
values. We also intend to investigate block bounda r y
smoothing, “
p
oo
r
man’s va
r
iable quantization”, and othe
r
means of im pr oving quality-vs-file-size p e r fo r mance
without sac r ificing com p atibility.
In futu r e ve r sions, we a r e conside r ing su pp o r ting some of
the u p coming JPEG Pa r t 3 extensions --- pr inci p ally,
va r iable quantization and the SPIFF file fo r mat.
As always, s p eeding things u p is of g r eat inte r est.
Please send bug r e p o r ts, offe r s of hel p , etc. to j p eg-
info@uunet.uu.net.

libupnp
Co p y r ight (c) 2000-2003 Intel Co rp o r ation
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Redist
r
ibution and use in sou
r
ce and bina
r
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r
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without modification, a r e p e r mitted pr ovided that the
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WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
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
AVC/H.264
THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT
PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR THE PERSONAL AND NON-
COMMERCIAL USE OF A CONSUMER TO (i) ENCODE
VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC STANDARD (”AVC
VIDEO”) AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS
ENCODED BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL
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OBTAINED FROM A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO
PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. No LICENSE IS GRANTED OR
SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C.
SEE HTTP://MPEGLA.COM.

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Ve r sion 2, June 1991
Co p y r ight © 1989, 1991 F r ee Softwa r e Foundation, Inc., 51
F r anklin St r eet, Fifth Floo r , Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Eve r yone is p e r mitted to co p y and dist r ibute ve r batim
co p ies of this license document, but changing it is not
allowed.
Preamble
The licenses fo r most softwa r e a r e designed to take away
you r f r eedom to sha r e and change it. By cont r ast, the GNU
Gene r al Public License is intended to gua r antee you r
f r eedom to sha r e and change f r ee softwa r e - to make su r e
the softwa r e is f r ee fo r all its use r s. This Gene r al Public
License a pp lies to most of the F r ee Softwa r e Foundation’s
softwa r e and to any othe r pr og r am whose autho r s commit
to using it. (Some othe r F r ee Softwa r e Foundation softwa r e
is cove r ed by the GNU Lesse r Gene r al Public License
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When we s p eak of f r ee softwa r e, we a r e r efe rr ing to
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