Cold Weather Operation
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Fuel
and
the
Effect
from
Cold
Weather
Note:
Only
use
grades
of
fuel
that
are
recommended
by
Perkins.
Refer
to
this
Operation
and
Maintenance
Manual,
“Fluid
Recommendations”.
Properties
of
the
diesel
fuel
can
have
a
significant
effect
on
the
engine
cold
start
capability.
It
is
critical
that
the
low
temperature
properties
of
diesel
fuel
are
acceptable
for
the
minimum
ambient
temperature
the
engine
is
expected
to
see
in
operation.
Following
properties
are
used
to
define
fuels
low
temperature
capability:
• Cloud point
• Pour point
• Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
The cloud point of the fuel is the temperature at
which waxes naturally found in the diesel fuel begin
to form crystals. The cloud point of the fuel must be
below lowest ambient temperature to prevent filters
from plugging.
Pour point is the last temperature before the fuel flow
stops and waxing of the fuel will start.
Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is a temperature at
which a particular fuel will pass through a
standardized filtration device. This CFPP gives an
estimate of the lower operability temperature of fuel
Be aware of these properties when diesel fuel is
purchased. Consider the average ambient air
temperature for the engines application. Engines that
are fueled in one climate may not operate well if the
engines are shipped to colder climate. Problems can
result due to changes in temperature.
Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor
performance in the winter, check the fuel for waxing
The following components can provide a means of
minimizing fuel waxing problems in cold weather:
• Fuel heaters, which may be an OEM option
• Fuel line insulation, which may be an OEM option
Winter and arctic grades of diesel fuel are available in
the countries and territories with severe winters. For
more information refer to the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Fuel For Cold-Weather
Operation”
Another important fuel property which can affect cold
start and operation of diesel engine is Cetane
number. Detail and requirements of this property are
given in this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Fluid Recommendations”.
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Fuel
Related
Components
in
Cold
Weather
Fuel
Tanks
Condensation
can
form
in
partially
filled
fuel
tanks.
Top
off
the
fuel
tanks
after
operating
the
engine.
Fuel
tanks
should
contain
some
provision
for
draining
water
and
sediment
from
the
bottom
of
the
tanks.
Some
fuel
tanks
use
supply
pipes
that
allow
water
and
sediment
to
settle
below
the
end
of
the
fuel
supply
pipe.
Some
fuel
tanks
use
supply
lines
that
take
fuel
directly
from
the
bottom
of
the
tank.
If
the
engine
is
equipped
with
this
system,
regular
maintenance
of
the
fuel
system
filter
is
important.
Drain
the
water
and
sediment
from
any
fuel
storage
tank
at
the
following
intervals:
• Weekly
• Oil changes
• Refueling of the fuel tank
This draining will help prevent water and/or sediment
from being pumped from the fuel storage tank and
into the engine fuel tank.
Fuel Heaters
Fuel heaters help to prevent fuel filters from plugging
in cold weather due to waxing. A fuel heater should
be installed for the fuel to be heated before the fuel
enters the primary fuel filter.
Select a fuel heater that is mechanically simple, yet
adequate for the application. The fuel heater should
also help to prevent overheating of the fuel. High fuel
temperatures reduce engine performance and the
availability of engine power. Choose a fuel heater
with a large heating surface. The fuel heater should
be practical in size. Small heaters can be too hot due
to the limited surface area.
Disconnect the fuel heater in warm weather.
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