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56 . High-Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide

Startup Procedure

NOTE: If you have purchased any accessories, then you may want to install these first

before commencing with the Startup procedure. An overview of the available

accessories is on page 52. See also the specific documentation for the accessory.

CAUTION

Do not turn power to the instrument on and off quickly as this may

damage the power supply.

Wait at least 30 seconds before restarting the instrument.

Open the sample compartment cover.

Make sure that the beam paths are free from obstruction.
This means that no objects (for example, cables) project into the beam paths, no

samples are in the sample compartment, and any accessories are properly installed.

NOTE: If the sample compartment is obstructed during the startup procedure, the

spectrometer will not initialize correctly.

Close the sample compartment cover.

Switch on the power switch located at the top right-hand corner of the instrument, as

shown in Figure 24.
The switch will light up when there is power to the instrument.

Figure 24 Power switch

Switch on any accessories.

Wait until all instrument initialization is complete.
This will take approximately three minutes from switching the power on.

Start the UV WinLab software.

NOTE: For optimal performance of the instrument, we recommend that you leave the

spectrometer switched on for approximately one hour to allow the lamps to warm up

and stabilize before starting analysis.

Power switch

Содержание Lambda 1050

Страница 1: ...HIGH PERFORMANCE LAMBDA SPECTROMETERS Hardware Guide UV VIS SPECTROSCOPY ...

Страница 2: ... the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose PerkinElmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein for incidental consequential damages in connection with furnishing performance or use of this material Copyright Information This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright All rights are reserved No part of this publication may b...

Страница 3: ...onnecting to the Line Power Supply 37 Connecting the System Components 38 Connecting to the PC 38 Setting up the Instrument in the Software 39 Calibrating the Instrument 44 Installing Accessories 47 Removing the Parts of the Sample Compartment 47 Removing the Detector Unit 49 Accessory Connector Panel 51 Overview of Accessory Installation 52 Pin Configuration 53 Using the Spectrometer 55 Startup P...

Страница 4: ...Deuterium Lamp Replacement 73 Replacement Parts 75 Appendices 77 Appendix 1 WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products 78 Appendix 2 Decontamination and Cleaning 78 Index 80 ...

Страница 5: ...Introduction ...

Страница 6: ...warnings used in the manual Safety Practices Important safety information is provided in this chapter This is the same information that is included in the High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Getting Started Guide L6050007 that shipped with your instrument System Description This chapter contains information on the components of the instrument and how it works Installing your Lambda Spectrometer ...

Страница 7: ...re provided Appendices Appendix 1 covers Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE instructions for the disposal of PerkinElmer Products Appendix 2 describes the procedure that should be followed for the decontamination and cleaning of PerkinElmer Products prior to returning them for maintenance or repair ...

Страница 8: ...ou have to press two keys at the same time for example ALT F All eight digit numbers are PerkinElmer part numbers unless stated otherwise Unless stated otherwise high performance Lambda spectrometer refers to the Lambda 650 750 850 950 1050 WB or 1050 NB spectrometer as applicable Notes Cautions and Warnings Three terms in the following standard formats are also used to highlight special circumsta...

Страница 9: ...cuadros éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias Caution Attention Nous utilisons le terme CAUTION ATTENTION pour signaler les situations susceptibles de provoquer de graves détériorations de l instrument ou d autre matériel Les détails sur ces circonstances figurent dans un encadré semblable à celui ci Caution Attenzione Con il termine CAUTION ATTENZIONE vengono segnalate...

Страница 10: ...ras personas En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias Warning Danger Nous utilisons la formule WARNING DANGER pour avertir des situations pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels à l utilisateur ou à d autres personnes Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui ci Warning Pericolo Con il termine WARNING PERICOLO...

Страница 11: ...Safety Practices ...

Страница 12: ... Policy The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be practiced Ultimately maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the responsibility of the analyst and the analyst s organization Please consult all manuals and CDs supplied with your high performance Lambda spectrometer and accessories before you start working with the instrument Carefully read the safety in...

Страница 13: ...te the instrument with any covers or parts removed Servicing should only be carried out by a PerkinElmer Service Engineer or a similarly authorized and trained person Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any adjustment replacement maintenance or repair If afterwards the opened instrument must be operated for further adjustment maintenance or repair this must onl...

Страница 14: ...ened operating instrument If any adjustment maintenance or repair of the opened instrument is necessary this must be done by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved Whenever it is likely that your high performance Lambda spectrometer is unsafe make it inoperative The high performance Lambda spectrometer may be unsafe if it shows visible damage fails to perform the intended measurement...

Страница 15: ... and local safety regulations WARNING Hazardous Chemicals Some chemicals used with this instrument may be hazardous or may become hazardous after completion of an analysis The responsible body for example the Laboratory Manager must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the surrounding workplace and instrument operators are not exposed to hazardous levels of toxic substances chemical or bi...

Страница 16: ...covers unless specifically instructed to do so in the manual Always wear UV absorbing eye protection when the deuterium lamp is exposed Never look directly into the deuterium lamp Ozone The deuterium UV lamp generates ozone while it is illuminated Exposure to ozone can result in severe irritation to the skin eyes and upper respiratory system ALWAYS ventilate the area surrounding the instrument suc...

Страница 17: ...been designed to protect the operator from potential electrical hazards This section describes some recommended electrical safety practices WARNING Electrical Hazard Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or disconnection of the protective conductor earth ground terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited Lethal ...

Страница 18: ...nnected to true electrical earth ground If any part of the instrument is not installed by a PerkinElmer Service Engineer make sure that the line power plug is wired correctly Terminal Cord Lead Colors International USA Live Brown Black Neutral Blue White Protective Conductor earth ground Green Yellow Green NOTE The instrument must always be positioned so that it can be easily disconnected from the...

Страница 19: ...quirements of the EMC directive 2004 108 EC FCC rules and regulations This product is classified as a digital device used exclusively as industrial commercial or medical test equipment It is exempt from the technical standards specified in Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations based on Section 15 103 c ...

Страница 20: ...this label is attached to an instrument it means refer to the manual The following electrical warnings are shown on the rear of the instrument as identified in Figure 2 Figure 2 Warning labels on the high performance Lambda spectrometer Warning symbols shown on the spectrometer housing ...

Страница 21: ...Safety Practices 21 The following warnings are shown on the inside of the lamp compartment as identified in Figure 3 Figure 3 Position of the lamp compartment Lamp compartment ...

Страница 22: ...igure 4 Rear view of the fuse holder To change the fuses 1 Switch off the instrument and remove the line power cord from the electrical supply 2 Squeeze in and lever out the two lugs at each side of the fuse holder one at a time using a flat headed screwdriver 3 Gently pull out the fuse holder as shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 Removing the fuse holder 4 Replace the fuses with new ones of the same type...

Страница 23: ...he fuse holder with the slot in the socket and then pushing the holder into place You can hear a click as each lug snaps into place NOTE If you use the correct fuses but the instrument still does not work correctly or the fuses blow repeatedly contact your PerkinElmer Service Engineer ...

Страница 24: ...ument any great distance especially if the instrument may be subject to vibrations or jolts then contact your local PerkinElmer Service Representative for guidance or advice If you are only moving the instrument within the laboratory or to a nearby laboratory then four people should lift the instrument using the handholds as shown in Figure 6 Figure 6 Position of handholds for lifting the instrume...

Страница 25: ...System Description ...

Страница 26: ...d 1050 spectrometers operate in the near infrared NIR region The spectrometer features a double beam double monochromator ratio recording optical system These instruments are usable in a wide range of applications as indicated by their performance specifications Figure 7 Main features of the high performance Lambda spectrometer Lamp compartment Power switch Connector panel Sample compartment Detec...

Страница 27: ...ure 8 Figure 8 Schematic of the Lambda 650 750 850 950 optical system Two radiation sources a deuterium lamp DL and a halogen lamp HL cover the working wavelength range of the spectrometer For operation in the near infrared NIR and visible Vis ranges source mirror M1 reflects the radiation from the halogen lamp onto mirror M2 At the same time it blocks the radiation from the deuterium lamp M6 SBA ...

Страница 28: ... reflecting this segment to mirror M5 and then through the exit slit The exit slit restricts the spectrum segment to a near monochromatic radiation beam Grating change is automatic during monochromator slewing The exit slit of Monochromator I serves as the entrance slit of Monochromator II The radiation is reflected via mirror M6 to the appropriate grating on grating table G2 and then back via mir...

Страница 29: ...he radiation beam can be reduced from the maximum height of 11 7 mm to 0 0 mm in 50 steps During all scanning operations the monochromators stop slewing while a filter source or detector change is in progress NOTE You can select the source or detector change wavelength within a defined wavelength range This facility is useful if a feature of special spectral interest is located at one of the defau...

Страница 30: ...or 860 2500 nm respectively and a lead sulfide PbS detector 860 3300 nm NOTE The Three Detector Module is installed as standard in the Lambda 1050 but can also be purchased as an accessory for the Lambda 950 For more details see the Three Detector Module User s Guide L6050010 on the High Performance Lambda Spectrometers User Manuals CD L6050009 Figure 10 Optical system in the Lambda 1050 spectrome...

Страница 31: ...taining a PMT detector for the UV vis range and either a PbS or InGaAs detector for the NIR range These systems have simpler optical designs than the standard configurations and therefore the spectral scanning ranges in the UV Vis and NIR regions are slightly reduced The detector options and range specifications depend upon the spectrometer model consult your PerkinElmer Service Representative for...

Страница 32: ...32 High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide ...

Страница 33: ...Installing your Lambda Spectrometer ...

Страница 34: ...in Figure 12 A constant temperature between 15 C and 35 C A constant relative humidity of between 20 and 80 An atmosphere free from dust and corrosive fumes Out of direct sunlight illumination with diffuse lighting is ideal A suitable source of electrical power in the vicinity of the instrument in this case a proper earth grounded 3 wire electrical outlet The power requirements are 90 VAC 250 VAC ...

Страница 35: ...quire assistance contact your PerkinElmer Service Engineer WARNING The instrument weighs about 77 kg Four people are needed to lift the instrument 1 Unpack the components carefully using four people to lift the instrument itself Keep the packing materials for possible future storage or reshipment Figure 13 Position of hands beneath the instrument for lifting the instrument ...

Страница 36: ...nly with a Lambda 650 or Lambda 750 spectrometer NOTE The optional 9 pin serial RS232 communications cable Part No 09410022 can be used instead of the new style USB cable and is not included in the above kit NOTE A 25 pin serial RS232 communications cable Part No B0180242 was needed for previous instruments without USB connectivity and not included in the above kit 3 Examine the components for any...

Страница 37: ...ect fuses are fitted in the holder at the rear of the spectrometer see Fuses on page 22 NOTE The module has two fuses 2 Make sure that the plug fitted to the line power cord provided with the spectrometer is suitable for your local electrical outlets If it is not remove it and fit a plug complying with the local regulations 3 After all connections have been made between the various components of t...

Страница 38: ...Make sure that air can circulate freely over and under the system as well as behind it Do not place anything on or under any of the components that could hinder free air circulation Connecting to the PC The PC is connected using the connection marked COMPUTER or the USB connection marked on the right side of the instrument as shown in Figure 14 NOTE You can connect to the PC using either the USB c...

Страница 39: ...S Administrator s Guide L6050012 provided with your software NOTE If your instrument is installed by a PerkinElmer Service Engineer you should not need to do this You will require permission to configure instruments to add a new instrument 1 With the instrument switched on from the Folder List in the UV WinLab Explorer Window select Instruments The Instruments pane is displayed 2 Double click Add ...

Страница 40: ...om the drop down list and if required select Make this the default instrument 6 Click Next The Setup Communications page is displayed 7 From the drop down list select the Port the instrument is connected to In most cases this will be the highest COM port number in the list because when you connect the instrument for the first time the software configures the next available port ...

Страница 41: ...You may then be asked to confirm the serial number of the instrument 9 Check the serial number on the right hand side of the instrument where the PC connects to the instrument correct it if necessary and then click Next The Install Lambda 650 page is displayed 10 Enter a Name for the instrument The Name you enter will be displayed in the UV WinLab Explorer beneath the instrument icon It can be edi...

Страница 42: ...Lambda 650 and 750 spectrometers have manual attenuators only NOTE The Common Beam Depolarizer and Sample Reference Attenuators must be enabled on the Instrument tab of the Instrument Properties dialog Select Enable common beam depolarizer or Enable Internal attenuators Do not alter the instrument properties unless you fully understand the implications of doing so 12 Click Next The Methods Shortcu...

Страница 43: ...o close the wizard and add the instrument The Wizard closes a confirmation message that the instrument has been successfully installed is displayed and the instrument is displayed in the UV WinLab Explorer after a few moments OR Click Back to return to the previous page s and amend the settings as required NOTE For instructions on installing the Three Detector Module software and using the detecto...

Страница 44: ...d and will be performed The Zero Percent T calibration must be performed when you change the detector but is not usually required at other times 3 To view and change the settings for a particular routine highlight the routine in the table and then click Settings The Settings dialog for the selected routine is displayed NOTE Settings is not available for Slits or Zero Percent T 4 Select the options...

Страница 45: ...peaks enables you to change the offset and factor by specifying the old and new values of 2 well known peaks by entering values of Old Peak 1 New Peak 1 Old Peak 2 and New Peak 2 Auto search 1 peak enables you to change the offset The software performs an automatic search for the D2 peak at 1312 2 nm The measured peak is then shifted to the exact wavelength Auto search 2 peaks enables you to chang...

Страница 46: ...alibration on a Lambda 650 750 you will be prompted to place the magnetic beam blocks supplied over the ports in the sample compartment wall When a calibration has passed a green check mark is displayed in the first column of the table If the test fails a red cross is displayed In such an event please contact your local PerkinElmer Service Engineer 6 When the calibration has finished click Close t...

Страница 47: ...ectrometer before installing an accessory and gives an overview of the installation required for some of the specific accessories Full procedures for installing the accessories in the spectrometer are described in the documentation provided with the respective accessories Removing the Parts of the Sample Compartment Removing the Sample Compartment Cover 1 Open the sample compartment cover so that ...

Страница 48: ...nd Replace the window in its original position Removing the Sample Compartment Baseplate 1 With the sample compartment cover open or removed undo the four thumbscrews shown in Figure 16 Figure 16 Four thumbscrews on the sample compartment baseplate 2 Lift the baseplate up and off the locating pins and remove it from the sample compartment Thumbscrews Thumbscrews ...

Страница 49: ...the sample compartment off the locating pins and remove it from the spectrometer Removing the Detector Unit WARNING Electrical Hazard The connector for the detector unit carries high voltage 130 VDC Switch off and disconnect the instrument before removing or fitting a detector accessory unit 1 Switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the line power cord 2 Open the sample compartment cover Retain...

Страница 50: ...or compartment cover 5 Move the detector unit carefully to the right and remove it from the spectrometer The detector unit is installed by performing this procedure in reverse tightening the retaining screws and making sure the blanking caps are in place WARNING Make sure you screw down the detector unit as this creates the earth bonding for electrical safety Details of the installation procedure ...

Страница 51: ...uirements of IEC 61010 1 or IEC 60950 Figure 21 Possible accessories for your high performance Lambda spectrometer The Polarizer Depolarizer accessory also fits into the 15 pin accessory sockets Sites for accessory PCBs 15 pin accessory connectors marked ACCESSORY 1 on the left and ACCESSORY 2 on the right 15 way HD D type maximum voltage 12 to 24 V RS 232 and USB connectors marked COMPUTER maximu...

Страница 52: ...ompartment cover Unchanged Alignment See cell changer manual Temperature Sensor Connector on spectrometer Slot in accessory board Installation See temperature sensor description Cables Lead through the tube ports Sample compartment cover Unchanged NOTE When connecting the temperature sensor align the red mark on the plug with the red mark on the socket Pull back the collar on the plug to connect d...

Страница 53: ... of them The pin numbering is shown in Figure 23 and the configuration is given in the following table Figure 23 Pin configuration of 15 pin connector Pin Configuration Description Pin Configuration Description 1 GND D Ground Digital logic 9 Not used 2 5 V Logic power supply 10 Not used 3 Not used 11 12 V Analog power supply 4 GND P Ground Power 12 GND A Ground Analog 5 24 V Power Supply 13 12 V A...

Страница 54: ...54 High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide ...

Страница 55: ...Using the Spectrometer ...

Страница 56: ...ths no samples are in the sample compartment and any accessories are properly installed NOTE If the sample compartment is obstructed during the startup procedure the spectrometer will not initialize correctly 3 Close the sample compartment cover 4 Switch on the power switch located at the top right hand corner of the instrument as shown in Figure 24 The switch will light up when there is power to ...

Страница 57: ...ngle Cell Holder To install the plinth in the sample compartment 1 Lower the plinth so that the two locating holes slip onto the two locating pins on the baseplate in the sample compartment as shown in Figure 26 The plinth fits one way round only Figure 26 Fitting the plinth to the baseplate in the sample compartment 2 Screw the two thumbscrews by hand into the baseplate Locating pin Thumbscrew Th...

Страница 58: ...through either the tube ports located at the front of the sample compartment or the opening located at the left rear of the sample compartment under the cover plate When not in use you should always insert the caps into the tube ports and keep the cover plate fixed in place The cover plate is fixed in place by a retaining screw Aligning the Single Cell Holder To carry out the coarse alignment of t...

Страница 59: ...to center the radiation beam Then retighten the two milled posts and the two locking screws 9 Visually check the vertical alignment of the radiation beam in the cell sample area Alignment is correct when the radiation beam is just above the floor of the cell sample area minimum 2 mm or covers the cell window as shown in Figure 28 NOTE The center of the window for micro flow cells should be ideally...

Страница 60: ...cal adjustment screw again to obtain the highest possible reading Close the sample compartment cover while measuring transmittance 6 When you are satisfied with the alignment tighten the milled posts and the locking screws on the cell holder 7 Reinstall the reference cell in the reference cell holder The sample cell remains in its holder 8 Repeat steps 4 to 6 with the reference cell holder but thi...

Страница 61: ...ompletely filled with liquid 0 5 μL 0 01 cm 2 μL B0510076 2 5 μL 0 5 cm 5 μL B0510077 5 μL 0 1 cm 10 μL B0510078 5 μL 1 0 cm 10 μL B0505823 30 μL 1 0 cm 50 μL B0190608 NOTE You should align microcells very carefully in the radiation beam by following the procedures in Aligning the Single Cell Holder on page 58 When aligning microcells fill each cell with at least the minimum volume of liquid speci...

Страница 62: ... window The sample compartment is also sealed from the optical compartment by windows Thus the entire optical radiation path from virtually the source lamp to the detector can be purged largely free of water vapor and oxygen Fittings are provided on the left hand side of the spectrometer for connection of a supply of nitrogen as shown in Figure 29 The inlet nearest the rear of the instrument is fo...

Страница 63: ...minutes before starting measurements When the spectrometer has been standing for some time unpurged an initial flow of 20 L min is recommended After the spectrometer has been thoroughly purged the flow can be reduced to 6 7 L min When you have a good deal of work in a spectral region where water vapor or oxygen absorb the radiation we recommend that you purge the spectrometer more or less continuo...

Страница 64: ...64 High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide ...

Страница 65: ...Maintenance ...

Страница 66: ...roper working condition and to ensure the highest possible level of performance It includes maintenance checks that should be done on a daily basis and maintenance procedures that should be done periodically depending on instrument use This chapter is divided into several sections each section covering maintenance procedures for a particular component of the system You should perform only the main...

Страница 67: ... sample handling system is installed and portions of it are left in the sample compartment such as a sipper and flow cell make certain that the system is cleaned at the end of the working day Generally such systems should be filled with deionized water when left overnight CAUTION Spills Take care not to spill liquids onto the spectrometer Expensive damage can result to the optics or electronics if...

Страница 68: ...dows are provided with the spectrometer The windows are made of silica and may be used in the entire spectral range of the spectrometer The windows seal the sample compartment and thus protect the instrument s optics from dust and fuming or aggressive samples Generally the windows should be installed at all times The windows are an optical component and require the same care and handling as cells ...

Страница 69: ... finish surfaces Protect cells from scratches and never permit them to rub against one another or against other hard surfaces Avoid abrasive corrosive or stain producing cleaning agents and make certain that the exposed surfaces of cells are optically clean Always wipe the optical surfaces of cells dry and free of finger marks using a soft cloth or cleaning tissue just before placing them in the c...

Страница 70: ...h off the spectrometer and remove the plug from the electrical supply before starting the replacement High Temperatures Risk of Burns Lamps soon become very hot make sure that the lamps and the lamp compartment have cooled to room temperature before you touch them UV Radiation The lamps emit intense UV radiation which can damage your eyes Do not open the lamp compartment when the lamps are on Do n...

Страница 71: ...ligned halogen lamp B0114620 To replace the halogen lamp 1 Switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the line power cord If necessary wait until the lamps and lamp compartment have cooled to room temperature 2 Remove the lamp compartment cover by lifting vertically from the handhold on the rear of the instrument as shown in Figure 33 Figure 33 Removing the lamp cover 3 Remove the lamp cover by un...

Страница 72: ...ause hot spots during operation which can lead to premature lamp failure 7 Slip the slot at the base of the lamp mount over the stud on the bracket in the lamp compartment and then secure with the thumbscrew 8 Carefully push the halogen lamp connector firmly onto the pins on the base of the halogen lamp 9 Wipe the halogen lamp bulb with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol to remove dirt since this...

Страница 73: ...ally from the handhold on the rear of the instrument as shown in Figure 33 3 Remove the lamp cover by undoing the two screws and lifting vertically 4 Unplug the deuterium lamp connector by squeezing in the two lugs at each side of the connector and carefully pulling the connector vertically upward Figure 36 Removing the deuterium lamp connector 5 Remove the lamp assembly from the bracket by slacke...

Страница 74: ...nector can be inserted in one orientation only Make certain that the connector is the right way round before inserting it Never attempt to insert the connector by force 9 Wipe the lamp window with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol to remove dirt since this would otherwise be burned in when the lamp is hot 10 Replace the lamp compartment cover by lowering into place This completes the deuterium l...

Страница 75: ... for more information Quantity Item Part Number 1 Pack of 10 fuses 3 15 A time delay B0155573 1 Deuterium lamp pre aligned L6022728 1 Halogen lamp pre aligned B0114620 1 Thumbscrew for lamp mount B0119371 1 Set of sample compartment windows for Lambda 750 950 or 1050 B0505982 1 Set of sample compartment windows for Lambda 650 or 850 L6020413 1 Single cell holder B0505071 ...

Страница 76: ...76 High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide ...

Страница 77: ...Appendices ...

Страница 78: ...waste stream Such treatment is the most effective means of protecting the customer s environment Requirements for waste collection reuse recycling and recovery programs vary by regulatory authority at your location Contact your local responsible body e g your laboratory manager or authorized representative for information regarding applicable disposal regulations Contact PerkinElmer at the web sit...

Страница 79: ... complete the Certificate of Decontamination These documents are available on the PerkinElmer public website Procedure http las perkinelmer com Content technicalinfo dts_instrumentdeconprocedure pdf Certificate form http las perkinelmer com OneSource decontamination htm If you do not have access to the internet and are located in the U S call toll free at 1 800 762 4000 8 30 a m 7 p m EST and spea...

Страница 80: ...71 I installation moving the instrument 24 software 39 instrument theory 62 L lamps replacement 70 M maintenance cells 69 cleaning the sample compartment 67 daily checks 67 replacement parts 75 replacing a lamp 70 microcells 60 moving the instrument 24 O operating conditions 14 ozone safety 16 P pin connectors 51 53 S safety information electrical safety 17 electromagnetic compatibility EMC 19 env...

Страница 81: ...Appendices 81 T temperature sensor 52 U unpacking 35 UV radiation safety 16 W WEEE directive 78 ...

Страница 82: ...82 High Performance Lambda Spectrometers Hardware Guide ...

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