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boards in the amplifier are double sided, with plated through holes and double thickness of
copper.

So how long will this hardware last?  It is my experience that, barring abuse or the odd failure
of a component, the first things to go will be the power supply capacitors, and from experience,
they will last 15 to 20 years.  Fortunately they die gracefully and are easily replaced.  After that,
the longevity will depend on the number of operating thermal cycles, but I can say that I have
had amplifiers operating in the field in excess of 20 years with no particular mortality except
capacitors.  The answer is, I don’t have good information beyond that.  More to the point, I
would suggest that you not worry about it.  This is a conservatively built industrial design, not a
tweaky tube circuit run on the brink.  If it breaks, we will simply get it fixed, so sleep well.

Warranty Information

This product is warranted for parts and labor for three years from the date we ship it.  We do
not pack a warranty card, so if you want us to know who you are, feel free to drop us a line.
The warranty is transferable without notice.  Customers outside the U.S. can obtain service
from the factory, but must make arrangements for transportation.

If you need service out of warranty, just give us a call.  We are very reasonable people, and we
have a strong interest in happy customers.

Содержание X1000

Страница 1: ...Page 1 Pass Laboratories Owner s Manual X1000 X600 X350 ...

Страница 2: ...ect matching Matched balanced power circuitry typically sees a distortion and noise reduction of about 90 20 dB through a balanced connection without any additional effort The Supersymmetric circuit delivers another 90 reduction so that the X series has about 1 100 of the distortion of a conventionally simple amplifier Actually this ordinary distortion and noise can still be seen at the output of ...

Страница 3: ... diagram of the kind of AC wall outlet required is included here X600 and X350 models are being provided with the more conventional AC line cord which is rated at 15 amps for your convenience The chassis of the X1000 is connected to the earth ground through the power cord This is the only thing it connects to It is not attached to the circuit or to the amplifier signal ground This is essential to ...

Страница 4: ...ut but the terminal should be large enough to accommodate dual spade lugs if desired With the speakers connected push the front panel button to activate the amplifier The meter lights will come on The meter on the front should go to somewhere between one third and half way up reflecting the bias on the output stage You are ready to play music The meters read current through the output stage in the...

Страница 5: ...ar values People are interested in how long it takes for these amplifiers to break in It takes about an hour for them to warm up and this is where we adjust them first Then we adjust them again and again over a couple of days keeping the bias and offset in the sweet spot Our environment is about 23 degrees Centigrade room temperature and the heat sinks will rise to about 22 degrees C above that fo...

Страница 6: ... character of the situation If the transformer primary is being driven raw with no protection from DC and your source has DC voltage or in cases where the small offset of the power amplifier is still too much you may create distortion in the transformer and get less than optimal performance from it Generally this is not the case with transformer coupled loudspeakers but it does occasionally surfac...

Страница 7: ... are really bad connections and we recommend that special attention be paid to cleanliness of contact surfaces and tight fit Speaker cables should be firmly tightened down at the speaker output terminals but do not use a wrench They will not withstand 100 foot lbs of torque Hand tightening without excessive force is plenty Source Interaction The amplifier does not care what the source impedance is...

Страница 8: ...output This extra front end supply lowers the distortion and noise of the system and allows the front end to swing the output stage rail to rail with losses on the order of only a volt or so extracting every last possible watt The circuit of the amplifier is completely DC with no capacitors in the signal path There are also no slew rate limiting capacitors in the circuit The high frequency rolloff...

Страница 9: ...except capacitors The answer is I don t have good information beyond that More to the point I would suggest that you not worry about it This is a conservatively built industrial design not a tweaky tube circuit run on the brink If it breaks we will simply get it fixed so sleep well Warranty Information This product is warranted for parts and labor for three years from the date we ship it We do not...

Страница 10: ...back was often overused to cover up design sins elsewhere in the circuit with the result that the amplifier did not sound very good in spite of good distortion measurements Push pull circuits while allowing high efficiency and cheap manufacture did not improve the character of the sound at lower levels where we do most of our listening a deficiency which designers often use feedback to cover up It...

Страница 11: ...sounding amplifiers It was all the rage for a while but is no longer touted with such enthusiasm The solution to TIM is low amounts of feedback coupled with fast amplification high slew rate In retrospect the idea was at least half right but I believe not completely for the following reasons First it presumed that there was really fast signal in music Research conducted independently by Peter Walk...

Страница 12: ...nt on the design The concept is actually very simple Conventional feedback local or not is used to make the output of the circuit look like the input In this circuit feedback was not used to make the input look like the output in the conventional sense Instead it works to make two halves of an already symmetric balanced circuit behave identically with respect to distortion and noise dramatically l...

Страница 13: ...Purists will point out that a balanced version of a single ended circuit will experience cancellation of noise and even order components Just so Interestingly the single ended nature of each half of the balanced circuit doesn t give rise to much in the way of odd order distortion and when the even order components and noise are cancelled there isn t much distortion and noise left In any case Balan...

Страница 14: ...s unique in that at this point the distortion contributed by each half appears out of phase with the signal and we use this to reinforce the desired signal and cancel noise and distortion This occurs mutually between the two halves of the circuit and the result is signal symmetry with respect to both the voltage and current axis and anti symmetry for distortion and noise This means that the distor...

Страница 15: ...ks to precisely match the two halves of the circuit and lets the balanced output ignore the unwanted components As long as the two halves are matched this performance tends to be frequency independent and does not deteriorate over the audio band With mid level distortion figures on the order of 002 this is very high performance for a single balanced gain stage The following pages include a copy of...

Страница 16: ...Page 16 X1000 CURVES ...

Страница 17: ...Page 17 X600 CURVES ...

Страница 18: ...Page 18 X350 CURVES ...

Страница 19: ... plus minus 145 volts Maximum Output Current plus minus 30 amps Input Impedance 22 kohm balanced Damping factor 60 ref 8 ohms nominal Slew rate plus minus 40 V uS Output Noise 500 uV unweighted 20 20 kHz Random noise floor approximately 2 uV Dynamic range 155 dB random noise floor to peak output Balanced CMRR 85 dB 1 kHz input common mode rejection ratio DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 600 watt...

Страница 20: ...plus minus 105 volts Maximum Output Current plus minus 25 amps Input Impedance 22 kohm balanced Damping factor 60 ref 8 ohms nominal Slew rate plus minus 50 V uS Output Noise 500 uV unweighted 20 20 kHz Random noise floor approximately 2 uV Dynamic range 153 dB random noise floor to peak output Balanced CMRR 85 dB 1 kHz input common mode rejection ratio DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 600 watts...

Страница 21: ... amps Input Impedance 22 kohm balanced Damping factor 30 ref 8 ohms nominal Slew rate plus minus 50 V uS Output Noise 500 uV unweighted 20 20 kHz Random noise floor approximately 2 uV Dynamic range 150 dB random noise floor to peak output Balanced CMRR 85 dB 1 kHz input common mode rejection ratio DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 600 watts idle 1800 watts maximum Temperature 20 degrees C above a...

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